氮化硼纳米带功能化碳纳米管的热自旋输运性质

肖佳勇; 谭兴毅; 杨贝贝; 任达华; 左安友; 傅华华

doi:10.7498/aps.68.20181968

摘要

热自旋电子学器件结合了自旋电子学和热电子学各自的优点, 对人类可持续发展具有重要作用. 本文研究了锯齿形BN纳米带(ZBNRs)共价功能化碳纳米管(SWCNT)的电子结构, 发现ZBNRs-B-(6, 6)SWCNT为磁性半金属, nZBNRs-B-(6, 6)SWCNT (n = 2—8)为磁性金属; nZBNRs-N-(6, 6)SWCNT (n = 1—8)为双极化铁磁半导体; 4ZBNRs-B-(4, 4)SWCNT和4ZBNRs-N-(4, 4)SWCNT为磁性半金属, 4ZBNRs-B-(m, m)SWCNT (m = 5—9)为磁性金属; 4ZBNRs-N-(m, m)SWCNT (m = 5—9)为双极化铁磁半导体. 然后, 基于锯齿形BN纳米带共价功能化碳纳米管设计了新型热自旋电子学器件, 发现基于ZBNRs-N-(6, 6)SWCNT的器件具有热自旋过滤效应; 而8ZBNRs-N-(6, 6)SWCNT和nZBNRs-B-(6, 6)SWCNT (n = 1, 8)都存在自旋相关塞贝克效应. 这些发现表明BN纳米带功能化碳纳米管在热自旋电子学器件方面具有潜在的应用.

关键词:

Abstract

The spin caloritronics device, because of the characteristics of spintronics and thermoelectronics, plays an important role in human sustainable development. A lot of spin caloritronic devices based carbon materials (such as graphene nanoribbons, carbon nanotubes) have been reported. However, there are few studies of the thermal spin transport properties in a hybrid structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes and zigzag-edge BN nanoribbons, and the thermal spin transport mechanism of this structure is still unclear. In this paper, using the nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) combined with the first principle calculations, the electronic structures and the thermal spin transport properties of the zigzag edge BN nanoribbons functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes are studied. It is shown that the ZBNRs-N-(6, 6)SWCNT is a half-metal, while the nZBNRs-N-(6, 6)SWCNT are magnetic metals (n = 2−8), and the nZBNRs-B-(6, 6)SWCNT are bipolar magnetic semiconductors (n = 1−8). The 4ZBNRs-N-(4, 4)SWCNT and 4ZBNRs-B-(4, 4)SWCNT are half-metals, while the 4ZBNRs-B-(m, m)SWCNT (m = 5−9)are magnetic metals, and the 4ZBNRs-N-(m, m)SWCNT (m = 5−9) are bipolar magnetic semiconductors. Then, some novel spin caloritronicdevices are designed based on nZBNRs-N-(6, 6)SWCNT and nZBNRs-B-(6, 6)SWCNT (n = 1, 8). For the ZBNRs-B-(6, 6)SWCNT, when the temperature of the left electrode is increased above a critical value, the thermal spin-up current then increases remarkably from zero. Meanwhile the thermal spin-down current remains approximately equal to zero in the entire temperature region, thus indicating the formation of a thermal spin filter. For the 8ZBNRs-N-(6, 6)SWCNT and nZBNRs-B-(6, 6)SWCNT (n = 1, 8), when a temperature gradient is produced between two electrodes, the spin-up and spin-down currents are driven in the opposite directions, which indicates that the spin-dependent Seebeck effect (SDSE) appears. In order to obtain the fundamental mechanism of thermal spin filter effect and SDSE, the Landauer-Büttiker formalism is adopted. It is found that the currents (I_up and I_dn) mainly depend on two factors: 1)the transport coefficient; 2) the difference between the Fermi-Dirac distributions of the left and right electrode. Additionally, the electron current I_e and the hole current I_h will be generated when a temperature gradient is produced between the left and right lead. Furthermore, the I_up and I_dn have the opposite directions for the spin up transmission peaksbelow the Fermi level while they have the opposite directions for the spin down transmission peaks above the Fermi level in the transmission spectrum, which demonstrates the presence of the SDSE in the 8ZBNRs-B-(6, 6)SWCNT and nZBNRs-N-(6, 6)SWCNT (n = 1, 8). Finally, the results indicate that nZBNR-N-(m, m)SWCNT and nZBNR-B-(m, m)SWCNT can have potential applications in thermospin electronic devices.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
湖北民族大学信息工程学院, 恩施　445000

2.
华中科技大学物理学院, 武汉　430074

通信作者: 谭兴毅, tanxy@hbmy.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11864011)和湖北省自然科学基金(批准号: 2018CFB390)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Information Engineering, Hubei University for Nationlities, Enshi 445000, China

2.
School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

Corresponding author: Tan Xing-Yi, tanxy@hbmy.edu.cn

Funds: Project supportedby the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11864011) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, China (Grant No. 2018CFB390).

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参考文献

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施引文献

图 1 (a) nZBNRs-B-(6, 6)SWCNT结构; (b) nZBNRs-N-(6, 6)SWCNT结构; (c)器件结构图; 图中灰色表示碳原子, 黑色表示氢原子, 蓝色表示氮原子, 棕色表示硼原子

Fig. 1. (a) Structure of nZBNRs-B-(6, 6)SWCNT; (b) the structure of nZBNRs-N-(6, 6)SWCNT; (c) the schematic illustration of the device. Gray, black, blue and brown balls indicate carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and boron atoms, respectively.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 nZGNR-B-(6, 6)SWCNT的能带结构图

Fig. 2. The band structures of nZGNR-B-(6, 6)SWCNT.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 nZGNR-N-(6, 6)SWCNT的能带结构图

Fig. 3. Band structures of nZGNR-N-(6, 6)SWCNT.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 4ZGNR-B-(m, m)SWCNT和4ZGNR-N-(m, m)SWCNT(m = 5—9)的能带结构图

Fig. 4. Band structures of 才4ZGNR-B-(m, m)SWCNT and 4ZGNR-N-(m, m)SWCNT(m = 5−9).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 (a)—(d)分别为6ABNRs-(8, 0)SWCNT的结构图, 其中(a), (b)结构中BN与C形成四边形, (c), (d)结构中BN与C形成六边形; (e), (f)为与之对应的能带结构图, 显然为非磁性半导体结构; (f), (h)为6ABNRs-(9, 0)SWCNT的能带结构图, 同样呈现为半导体特征

Fig. 5. (a)—(d) Structure of 6ABNRs-B-(8, 0)SWCNT: (a), (b) the carbon, nitrogen and boron atoms form a quadrilateral structure; (c), (d) the carbon, nitrogen and boron atoms form a hexagonal structure. Gray, white, black, blue and brown balls indicate carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and boron atoms, respectively. (e), (f) The band structures of 6ABNRs-B-(8, 0)SWCNT. (g), (h) The band structures of 6ABNRs-B-(9, 0)SWCNT.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 nZGNR-N-(6, 6)SWCNT和nZGNR-B-(6, 6)SWCNT(n = 1, 8)的电荷密度和自旋极化密度分布图, 图中灰色表示碳原子, 白色表示氢原子, 蓝色表示氮原子, 棕色表示硼原子

Fig. 6. Electric densities and spin densities distribution of nZGNR-N-(6, 6)SWCNT和nZGNR-B-(6, 6)SWCNT (n = 1, 8). Gray, white, blue and brown balls indicate carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and boron atoms, respectively.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 自旋相关电流随T_L和$\Delta T$的变化曲线

Fig. 7. Spin-dependent currents versus $\Delta T/T_{\rm L}$ for some selected values of $T_{\rm L}/\Delta T$.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 器件输运谱图

Fig. 8. Spin dependent transmission spectra for devices.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

[1]	Uchida K, Takahashi S, Harii K, Leda J, Koshibae W, Ando K, Maekawa S, Saitoh E 2008 Nature 455 778 Google Scholar
[2]	Uchida K, Xiao J, Adachi H, Ohe J, Takahashi S, Leda J, Ota T, Kajiwara Y, Umezawa H, Kawai H, Bauer G E W, Maekawa S, Saitoh E 2009 Nat. Mater. 9 894
[3]	Ezawa M 2009 Eur. Phys. B 67 543 Google Scholar
[4]	Borlenghi S, Wang W W, Fangohr H, Bergqvist L, Delin A 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 047203 Google Scholar
[5]	Fu H H, Wu D D, Gu L, Wu M H, Wu R 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 045418 Google Scholar
[6]	Ren J 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 220406(R)Google Scholar
[7]	Ren J, Zhu J X 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 241412(R)Google Scholar
[8]	Fu H H, Gu L, Wu D D 2016 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18 12742 Google Scholar
[9]	Ren J, Fransson J, Zhu J X 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 214407 Google Scholar
[10]	Wu D D, Liu Q B, Fu H H, Wu R 2017 Nanoscale 9 18334 Google Scholar
[11]	Liu Q B, Wu D D, Fu H H 2017 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19 27132 Google Scholar
[12]	Avouris P, Chen Z, Perebeinos V 2007 Nat. Nanotechnol. 2 605 Google Scholar
[13]	Nair R R, Blake P, Grigorenko A N, Novoselov K S, Booth T J, Stauber T, Peres N M R, Geim A K 2008 Science 320 1380
[14]	Cai J, Ruffieux P, Jaafar R, Bieri M, Braun T, Blankenburg S, Muoth M, Seitsonen A P, Saleh M, Feng X, Müllen K, Fasel R 2010 Nature 466 470 Google Scholar
[15]	Zeng M G, Feng Y P, Liang G C 2011 Nano Lett. 11 1369 Google Scholar
[16]	Zeng M G, Shen L, Zhou M, Zhang C, Feng Y P 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 115427 Google Scholar
[17]	Zeng M, Feng Y, Liang G 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 123114 Google Scholar
[18]	Ni Y, Yao K L, Fu H H, Gao G Y, Zhu S C, Wang S L 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1380 Google Scholar
[19]	Li J W, Wang B, Xu F M, Wei Y D, Wang J 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 195426 Google Scholar
[20]	Liu Q B, Wu D D, Fu H H 2017 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19 27132 Google Scholar
[21]	Tang X Q, Ye X M, Tan X Y, Ren D H 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 927 Google Scholar
[22]	Lou P 2014 Phys. Status Solidi RRL 8 187 Google Scholar
[23]	Zeng H L, Gou Y D, Yan X H, Zhou J 2017 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19 21507 Google Scholar
[24]	Taylor J, Guo H, Wang J 2001 Phys. Rev. B 63 121104(R)Google Scholar
[25]	Padilha J E, Lima M P, Silva A J R D, Fazzio A 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 113412 Google Scholar
[26]	Soler J M, Artacho E, Gale J D, García A, Junquera J, Ordejón P, Sánchez-Portal D 2002 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 14 2745 Google Scholar
[27]	Perdew J P, Wang Y 1992 Phys. Rev. B 46 12947 Google Scholar
[28]	Ye X M, Tang X Q, Tan X Y, Ren D H 2018 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 20 19424 Google Scholar
[29]	Yao K, Fu H 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 13502 Google Scholar
[30]	Wang B G, Wang J, Gou H 2001 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 70 2645 Google Scholar
[31]	Rejec T, Ramsak A, Jefferson J H 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 235301 Google Scholar
[32]	Broido D A, Mingo N 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 096105 Google Scholar
[33]	Saha K K, Markussen T, Thygesen K S, Nikolic B K 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 041412(R)Google Scholar
[34]	Du A, Chen Y, Zhu Z, Lu G, Smith S C 2009 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 1682 Google Scholar
[35]	Dutta S, Manna A, Pati S 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 096601 Google Scholar
[36]	He J, Chen K Q, Fan Z Q, Tang L M, Hu W P 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 193305 Google Scholar
[37]	Tang S, Cao Z 2010 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 12 2313 Google Scholar
[38]	Yu Z, Hu M L, Zhang C X, He C Y, Sun L Z, Zhong J 2011 J. Phys. Chem. C 115 10836
[39]	Liu Y, Wu X, Zhao Y, Zeng X C, Yang J 2011 J. Phys. Chem. C 115 9442 Google Scholar
[40]	Wang Y, Ding Y, Ni J 2012 J. Phys. Chem. C 116 5995 Google Scholar
[41]	Tang C, Kou L, Chen C 2012 Chem. Phys. Lett. 523 98 Google Scholar
[42]	Christenholz C L, Obenchain D A, Peebles R A, Peebles S A 2014 J. Phys. Chem. C 118 16104 Google Scholar
[43]	WangY, Li Y, Chen Z 2014 J. Phys. Chem. C 118 25051 Google Scholar
[44]	Zhu L, Li R, Yao K L 2017 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19 4085 Google Scholar

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氮化硼纳米带功能化碳纳米管的热自旋输运性质