一种具有减反射性能的Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub>太阳能电池透明导电氧化物薄膜

敬婧; 李致朋; 卢伟胜; 王宏宇; 杨祖安; 杨毅; 尹祺圣; 杨馥菱; 沈晓明; 曾建民; 詹锋

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200897

摘要

通过研究一种新型透明导电氧化物薄膜(transparent conductive oxide, TCO)的减反射作用, 探索增加入射光进入Cu₂ZnSnS₄(CZTS)太阳能电池从而提高太阳能电池效率的新途径. 在AM1.5光照条件下, 设计了一种在宽波长范围内具有更好的减反射性能的TCO薄膜, 即SiO₂/ZnO减反射TCO薄膜(antireflective transparent conductive oxide, ATCO). 为了衡量300—800 nm波长范围内的减反射效果, 引入了有效平均反射率方法(effective average reflectance, EAR)进行测算. 为充分考虑折射率色散的影响以及TCO, ATCO薄膜与有源层的耦合, 本文采用多维光学传输矩阵对各关键材料层的耦合及膜厚进行了优化, 以准确衡量最优的减反射效果. 最后, 通过比较常规CZTSSC和ATCO-CZTSSC的减反射性能, 得到了新型ATCO膜, 可以有效地减少光损耗并提高光电转换效率的结论.

关键词:

Abstract

At present, there are several kinds of broadband antireflection coatings (ARCs). For the flat multilayer ARC, it usually contains double, triple, or up to 4 layers. It has been demonstrated that the performance of a single layer coating is not good enough across the desired spectral range. Multiple layer ARCs have much better performance for broadband solar cells (SCs). When inspecting the antireflection structure of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ solar cells (CZTSSCs), it is shown that the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) of traditional CZTSSCs does not have an satisfactory antireflective performance. This paper aims to investigate a way to increase the incident light transmitted into CZTSSCs, and thus improving the efficiency of solar cells by studying the use of the antireflective effect of a TCO film. It introduces a new type of TCO film with better antireflective properties across a wide wavelength range. An SiO₂/ZnO antireflective TCO (ATCO) is designed under AM1.5 illumination. In order to measure the antireflective effect over the 300–800 nm wavelength range, an effective average reflectance method (EAR) is introduced. Considering the effect of the refractive index dispersion and the coupling of the TCO or ATCO films with the active layer, in this paper we use a multi-dimensional transfer matrix to optimize the thickness of each key layer to accurately confirm the best antireflective effect. In addition, the optimized TCO film and the optimized ATCO film in CZTSSCs are compared and analyzed by means of EAR. The result shows, through the comparison of the antireflection between conventional TCO CZTSSCs and ATCO CZTSSCs, that there are considerable differences in final optimal reflectivity between TCO layer and ATCO film. For the conventional CZTSSC, the optimal effective average reflectance of TCO layer is 5.6%, and the lowest reflectivity in the waveband from 400 nm to 500 nm is 6.9%. In addition, the corresponding values obtained in the new ATCO CZTSSC are 3.8% and 1.6% respectively. These apparent changes in reflectivity are appealing in that the new ATCO films can effectively reduce light loss and improve the efficiency of photovoltaic conversion.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
广西大学, 有色金属及材料加工新技术教育部重点实验室, 南宁　530004

2.
中信大锰矿业有限责任公司, 南宁　530028

3.
Zynergy技术公司, 弗里蒙特　94538, 美国

通信作者: 詹锋, fzhan_gxu@126.com

基金项目: 广西自然科学基金 (批准号: 2018GXNSFAA138186, 2014GXNSFAA118025, 2013GXNSFBA019019)、国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11364003)、广西有色金属及特色材料加工重点实验室系统性研究项目(批准号: GKN13-051-02）和广西有色金属及特色材料加工国家重点实验室培育基地开放基金 (批准号: GXKFJ12-01)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Lab of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials of the Ministry of Education, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China

2.
CITIC Dameng Mining Industries Limited, Nanning 530028, China

3.
Zynergy Technology Incorporation, Fremont 94538, USA

Corresponding author: Zhan Feng, fzhan_gxu@126.com

Funds: Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province, China (Grant Nos. 2018GXNSFAA138186, 2014GXNSFAA118025, 2013GXNSFBA019019), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11364003), the Systematic Research Project of Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured Materials of Guangxi Province, China (Grant No. GKN13-051-02), and the Open Fund of Ministry-Province Jointly-Constructed Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured Materials, Guangxi Province, China (Grant No. GXKFJ12-01)

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

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[3]	Neeraj K, Choudhury S, Polley D, Acharya R, Sinha J, Barman A, Mitra R K 2017 Opt. Lett. 42 1764 Google Scholar
[4]	Cao G Y, Zhang C, Wu S L, Ma D, Li X F 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 124202 Google Scholar
[5]	Li L, Wu S L, Yu D, Wang W, Liu W C, Wu X S, Zhang F M 2016 Chin. Phys. B 25 028401 Google Scholar
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[7]	Zhan F, He J F, Shang X J, Li M F, Ni H Q, Xu Y Q, Niu Z C 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 037802 Google Scholar
[8]	Leem J W, Jun D H, Heo J, Park W K, Park J H, Cho W J, Kim D E, Yu J S 2013 Opt. Express 21 A821 Google Scholar
[9]	Richards B S 2003 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 79 369 Google Scholar
[10]	Algora C, Alcaraz M F 1997 IEEE T. Electron Dev. 44 1499 Google Scholar
[11]	Sun H T, Wang X P, Kou Z Q, Wang L J, Wang J Y, Sun Y Q 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 047701 Google Scholar
[12]	Ali B, Shahram M, Nima J A 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 028803 Google Scholar
[13]	Wang N F, Kuo T W, Tsai Y Z, Lin S X, Hung P K, Lin C L, Houng M P 2012 Opt. Express 20 7445 Google Scholar
[14]	Dumont E, Dugnoille B, Bienfait S 1999 Thin Solid Films 353 93 Google Scholar
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[16]	Park W D 2012 Trans. Electr. Electron. Mater. 13 196 Google Scholar
[17]	Teng C W, Muth J F, Özgür Ü, Bergmann M J, Everitt H O, Sharma A K, Jin C, Narayan J 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 979 Google Scholar
[18]	Palik E D 1997 Handbook of Optical Constant of Solids (New York, USA: Academic Publishing)
[19]	Born M, Wolf E. 1999 Principles of Optics (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press) p70
[20]	Macleod H A 2006 ThinFilm Optical Filters (London, UK: Institute of Physics Publishing) p86
[21]	Zhan F, Li Z P, Shen X M, He H, Zeng J M 2014 Sci. World J. 26 5351
[22]	Yuan H R, Xiang X, Chang X, Lu D 2000 Acta Energ. Sol. Sin. 21 371

施引文献

图 1 Cu₂ZnSnS₄太阳能电池示意图

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ solar cells.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 传统的TCO膜的R_e与膜厚的关系图

Fig. 2. Conventional TCO film Re vs. film thickness.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 优化后TCO膜的反射率与波长的关系

Fig. 3. Reflectivity of optimal TCO film vs. wavelength.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 SiO₂/ZnO ATCO薄膜的R_e与SiO₂厚度的关系

Fig. 4. SiO₂/ZnO ATCO films R_e vs. SiO₂ thickness.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 (a)最佳TCO膜反射率与波长的关系; (b)最佳SiO₂/ZnO ATCO膜反射率与波长的关系

Fig. 5. (a) Optimal TCO film reflectivity vs. wavelength; (b) optimal SiO2/ZnO ATCO films reflectivity vs. wavelength.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 通过EAR方法优化的用于CZTS太阳能电池的常规TCO和新ATCO膜的参数

Table 1. Parameters of conventional TCO and new ATCO films for CZTSSC optimized by EAR method.

常规TCO
(图2和图3) 新ATCO
(图4和图5) 变化比
例/%

SiO₂ 厚度/nm — 70 —
ZnO 厚度/nm 50 50 0
CdS 厚度/nm 20 20 0
最低反射率(400—500 nm)/% 6.9 1.6 –5.3
有效平均反射率(R_e)/% 5.6 3.8 –1.8

下载: 导出CSV

[1]	Siddique R H, Gomard G, and Holscher H 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6909 Google Scholar
[2]	Jonathan S M, Wang G Y, John R M, James R H 2018 J. Mater. Chem. C 6 823
[3]	Neeraj K, Choudhury S, Polley D, Acharya R, Sinha J, Barman A, Mitra R K 2017 Opt. Lett. 42 1764 Google Scholar
[4]	Cao G Y, Zhang C, Wu S L, Ma D, Li X F 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 124202 Google Scholar
[5]	Li L, Wu S L, Yu D, Wang W, Liu W C, Wu X S, Zhang F M 2016 Chin. Phys. B 25 028401 Google Scholar
[6]	Jayasinghe R C, Perera A G U, Zhu H, Zhao Y 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 4302 Google Scholar
[7]	Zhan F, He J F, Shang X J, Li M F, Ni H Q, Xu Y Q, Niu Z C 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 037802 Google Scholar
[8]	Leem J W, Jun D H, Heo J, Park W K, Park J H, Cho W J, Kim D E, Yu J S 2013 Opt. Express 21 A821 Google Scholar
[9]	Richards B S 2003 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 79 369 Google Scholar
[10]	Algora C, Alcaraz M F 1997 IEEE T. Electron Dev. 44 1499 Google Scholar
[11]	Sun H T, Wang X P, Kou Z Q, Wang L J, Wang J Y, Sun Y Q 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 047701 Google Scholar
[12]	Ali B, Shahram M, Nima J A 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 028803 Google Scholar
[13]	Wang N F, Kuo T W, Tsai Y Z, Lin S X, Hung P K, Lin C L, Houng M P 2012 Opt. Express 20 7445 Google Scholar
[14]	Dumont E, Dugnoille B, Bienfait S 1999 Thin Solid Films 353 93 Google Scholar
[15]	Seol J S, Lee S Y, Lee J C, Nam H D, Kim K H 2003 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 75 155 Google Scholar
[16]	Park W D 2012 Trans. Electr. Electron. Mater. 13 196 Google Scholar
[17]	Teng C W, Muth J F, Özgür Ü, Bergmann M J, Everitt H O, Sharma A K, Jin C, Narayan J 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 979 Google Scholar
[18]	Palik E D 1997 Handbook of Optical Constant of Solids (New York, USA: Academic Publishing)
[19]	Born M, Wolf E. 1999 Principles of Optics (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press) p70
[20]	Macleod H A 2006 ThinFilm Optical Filters (London, UK: Institute of Physics Publishing) p86
[21]	Zhan F, Li Z P, Shen X M, He H, Zeng J M 2014 Sci. World J. 26 5351
[22]	Yuan H R, Xiang X, Chang X, Lu D 2000 Acta Energ. Sol. Sin. 21 371

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一种具有减反射性能的Cu₂ZnSnS₄太阳能电池透明导电氧化物薄膜