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Quantum secure direct communication scheme with identity authentication

Zhou Xian-Tao, Jiang Ying-Hua
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• 摘要

针对传统量子安全直接通信方案中需提前假设通信双方合法性的问题, 提出一种带身份认证的基于GHZ态(一种涉及至少三个子系统或粒子纠缠的量子态)的量子安全直接通信方案. 该方案将GHZ态粒子分成三部分, 并分三次发送, 每一次都加入窃听检测粒子检测信道是否安全, 并在第二次发送的时候加入身份认证, 用以验证接收方的身份, 在第三次发送完粒子之后, 接收方将所有检测粒子抽取出来, 之后对GHZ态粒子做联合测量, 并通过原先给定的编码规则恢复原始信息. 本方案设计简单、高效, 无需复杂的幺正变换即可实现通信. 安全性分析证明, 该方案能抵御常见的内部攻击和外部攻击, 并且有较高的传输效率、量子比特利用率和编码容量, 最大的优势在于发送方发送信息的时候不需要假设接收方的合法性, 有较高的实际应用价值.

Abstract

Aiming at the problem that traditional quantum secure direct communication schemes need to assume the legitimacy of both parties in advance, a GHZ state (a quantum state involving at least three subsystems or particles entanglement) based quantum secure direct communication scheme with identity authentication is proposed. The scheme first encodes GHZ state particles into eight types, divides the particles into three parts, and sends them three times. Each time, eavesdropping is added to detect whether the particle detection channel is secure, and identity authentication is added when sending particles for the second time to verify the identity of the receiver. Specifically, according to the value of the ID key IDA, the specified particles (such as $|0\rangle$ particles or $|+ \rangle$ particles) are found in the two particles. Then their positions are marked as L and they traverse down until all the identity keys are traversed, obtaining a position sequence L. After sending the two particles to Bob for eavesdropping detection, Bob measures the L position of the two particles on the corresponding basis according to the value of the identity key, the measurement results are coded, and compared with the identity key IDA to complete the identity authentication. After sending the particles for the third time. the receiver extracts all the detected particles, and then the GHZ state particles are jointly measured, and the original information is recovered through the previously given coding rules, so as to realize quantum safe direct communication. The design of this scheme is simple and efficient, and the communication can be realized without complex unitary transformation. The correctness analysis proves that the scheme is correct in theory. The security analyses of interception/measurement retransmission attack, Trojan horse attack, denial of service attack, auxiliary particle attack, identity impersonation attack, and other attacks prove that the scheme can resist common internal attacks and external attacks, and solve the problem of information leakage. The transmission efficiency of the scheme is 1, the quantum bit utilization is 1, and the coding capacity is a quantum state carrying 3 bits of information. Compared with some previous schemes, this scheme has obvious advantages in these three aspects. The biggest advantage is that the sender does not need to assume the legitimacy of the receiver when sending information, so it has high practical application value.

作者及机构信息

通信作者: 江英华, 250364629@qq.com
• 基金项目: 陕西省教育厅科研专项科学研究计划(批准号: 19JK0889)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

Corresponding author: Jiang Ying-Hua, 250364629@qq.com
• Funds: Project supported by the Special Scientific Research Plan of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education, China (Grant No. 19JK0889).

施引文献

• 文章访问数:  285
• PDF下载量:  7
• 被引次数: 0
出版历程
• 收稿日期:  2022-08-24
• 修回日期:  2022-10-03
• 上网日期:  2022-10-19
• 刊出日期:  2023-01-20

带身份认证的量子安全直接通信方案

• 西藏民族大学信息工程学院, 咸阳　712000
• 通信作者: 江英华, 250364629@qq.com
基金项目: 陕西省教育厅科研专项科学研究计划(批准号: 19JK0889)资助的课题.

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