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毛细管放电等离子体射流点火装置结构简单可靠, 点火效能强, 是当前工业和学术领域的研究热点. 射流瞬态辐射热流特性是表征射流点火能力的重要手段, 本文搭建了基于薄膜量热计的瞬态辐射热流测量系统, 针对薄膜探头的测量范围、响应时间和灵敏度提出设计与优化方法; 研究了聚乙烯和聚四氟乙烯不同工质情况下, 储能电容电压和毛细管直径对输出辐射热流特性的影响. 结果表明, 毛细管放电辐射热流密度相较于主放电电流具有滞后性, 增大系统储能有助于提升主放电沉积能量效率与等离子体温度, 进而提升输出辐射热流密度与热流持续时间; 增大毛细管直径会减小放电时间常数进而缩短热流持续时间, 当毛细管直径从1.5 mm增至3 mm时, 辐射热流密度显著提升, 而当毛细管直径从3 mm增至6 mm时, 辐射热流密度随之下降. 此外, 主放电能量沉积效率、等离子体射流扩展特性以及工质烧蚀特性均会影响辐射热流密度; 聚乙烯工质毛细管放电较聚四氟乙烯工质辐射热流密度峰值更高, 峰值时间提前且持续时间更短.The capillary discharge plasma ignition device features a simple and reliable structure with a high ignition efficiency, and has become a research focus in both industrial applications and academic studies. The transient radiative heat flux characteristics of the plasma jet is a critical indicator for characterizing its ignition capability. In this work, a transient radiative heat flux measurement system based on a thin-film heatflux gauge is established. Design and optimization methods are proposed to address the measurement range, response time, and sensitivity of the thin-film probe. The results indicate that reducing the thickness of the film can enhance measurement sensitivity effectively, whereas changing the film material yields relatively limited improvement. Additionally, the effects of energy storage capacitor voltage and capillary diameter on the output radiative heat flux characteristics are investigated using polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene as capillary propellant. The results indicate that the radiative heat flux of capillary discharge exhibits a temporal delay compared with the main discharge current. Increasing the voltage of the energy storage capacitor enhances the energy deposition efficiency of the main discharge and the plasma temperature, thereby improving both the output radiative heat flux and the duration of the heat flux. Moreover, the growth rate of the heat flux exceeds that of the stored energy. Enlarging the capillary diameter reduces the discharge time constant, thereby shortening the heat flux duration. At the same time, the ablation of the propellant becomes more sufficient, resulting in fewer jet deposits and a weaker absorption of the heat flux. When the capillary diameter increases from 1.5 mm to 3 mm, the jet expansion velocity and the energy deposition efficiency are significantly enhanced, leading to a remarkable increase in the radiative heat flux density. However, when the diameter further increases from 3 mm to 6 mm, the jet expansion velocity changes marginally, while the decrease of energy deposition efficiencycan result in a reduction in radiative heat flux. The capillary discharge with polyethylene propellant exhibits a higher peak radiative heat flux, an earlier peak time, and a shorter duration than that with the polytetrafluoroethylene propellant.
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Keywords:
- capillary discharge /
- thin-film heatflux gauge /
- radiative heat flux /
- transient characteristics
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图 1 量热计探头的金属薄膜结构图
Fig. 1. Schematic of the metal thin-film in the heat flux gauge probe.
图 2 薄膜量热计测量系统的结构图 (a) 量热计探头; (b) 驱动电路
Fig. 2. Schematic of the film heatflux gauge measurement system: (a) The probe of the heat flux gauge; (b) the drive circuit.
图 3 量热计探头的电阻-温度关系
Fig. 3. Resistance-temperature relationship of the heatflux gauge probe.
图 4 毛细管放电等离子体射流实验平台结构图
Fig. 4. Schematic of the capillary discharge plasma experimental platform.
图 6 不同工质毛细管放电电压与电流波形 (a) PE; (b) PTFE
Fig. 6. Voltage and current waveforms of capillary discharge with different propellant: (a) PE; (b) PTFE.
图 7 高速相机拍摄的不同工质等离子体射流在空气中发展过程 (a) PE; (b) PTFE
Fig. 7. Image sequence of plasma jet development in air captured by high-speed camera with different propellant: (a) PE; (b) PTFE.
图 8 PE和PTFE工质等离子体射流长度和宽度随时间变化趋势
Fig. 8. Temporal variation of the length and width of plasma jets with PE and PTFE propellant.
图 9 驱动电路V0和V1电压波形(200 kHz低通滤波)
Fig. 9. Voltage waveform of V0 and V1 in the drive circuit (200 kHz low-pass filtered).
图 10 PE和PTFE工质毛细管放电热负荷与热流密度
Fig. 10. The heat load and the heat flux of the capillary discharge with PE and PTFE propellant.
图 11 C1不同充电电压下的主放电电流波形 (a) PE; (b) PTFE
Fig. 11. The main discharge current waveform under different charging voltage of C1: (a) PE; (b) PTFE.
图 12 C1不同充电电压下不同放电阶段能量沉积效率
Fig. 12. The energy deposition efficiency of different discharge stage under different charging voltage of C1.
图 13 C1不同充电电压下等离子体射流尺寸随时间变化 (a) PE长度; (b) PE宽度; (c) PTFE长度; (d) PTFE宽度
Fig. 13. Temporal variation of plasma jet sizes under different charging voltage of C1: (a) PE length; (b) PE width; (c) PTFE length; (d) PTFE width.
图 14 C1不同充电电压下的热流密度随时间变化 (a) PE; (b) PTFE
Fig. 14. Temporal variation of the heatflux under different charging voltage of C1: (a) PE; (b) PTFE.
图 15 C1不同储能条件下毛细管放电热负荷与热流密度峰值
Fig. 15. The heat load and the peak heat flux under different storage energy of C1.
图 16 不同毛细管直径下主放电电流波形 (a) PE; (b) PTFE
Fig. 16. The main discharge current waveform under different capillary diameters: (a) PE; (b) PTFE.
图 17 不同毛细管直径下不同放电阶段能量沉积效率
Fig. 17. The energy deposition efficiency of different discharge stage under different capillary diameter.
图 18 不同直径毛细管放电等离子体射流尺寸随时间变化 (a) PE长度; (b) PE宽度; (c) PTFE长度; (d) PTFE宽度
Fig. 18. Temporal variation of plasma jet sizes under different capillary diameter: (a) PE length; (b) PE width; (c) PTFE length; (d) PTFE width.
图 19 不同直径下的热流密度随时间变化 (a) PE; (b) PTFE
Fig. 19. Temporal variation of heat flux under different capillary diameter: (a) PE; (b) PTFE.
图 20 不同毛细管直径放电热负荷与热流密度
Fig. 20. The heat load and the peak heat flux under different capillary diameter.
图 21 不同直径毛细管放电后PMMA挡板上沉积物
Fig. 21. Deposits on the PMMA boards after discharge with different capillary diameter.
表 1 常见金属薄膜物性参数与灵敏度(d = 10–6 m)
Table 1. Physical properties and sensitivity of common metal films (d = 10–6 m).
材料 ρm
/(g·cm–3)cp
/(J·kg–1·K–1)α×10–3
/K–1s×10–3
/(m2·J–1)Ni 8.91 440 7.32 1.58 Au 19.3 128 4.04 1.47 Ag 10.5 235 4.13 1.52 Cu 8.92 385 4.40 1.16 Fe 7.87 449 7.09 1.70 Al 2.70 897 4.60 1.74 Pt 21.1 133 3.88 1.26 Pd 12.0 240 3.76 1.12 Mg 1.74 1023 4.14 2.07 
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表 2 薄膜量热计热流测量系统参数
Table 2. Parameters of the film heatflux gauge measurement system.
参数 数值 ρm/(kg·m–3) 8.91×103 cp/(J·kg–1·K–1) 440 l/mm 13 w/mm 1.14 d/μm 3 R1/Ω 0.5 R2/Ω 4 Vs/V 50 ΔT/ΔR/(K·Ω–1) 653.4
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