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火星原位资源利用是当前深空探测领域的研究热点之一. 采用低温等离子体技术可实现火星大气高浓度CO2的原位转化, 具有环境适应性强、系统效率高等诸多优势. 本研究使用一套同轴填充床介质阻挡放电反应器开展了火星大气CO2放电特性研究, 探究了SiO2与Al2O3填充材料对二氧化碳转化性能及能耗的影响. 与空管放电相比, 采用不同的填充材料会显著影响等离子体的放电特性. 在放电区内填充Al2O3材料提升了电场强度, 促进了CO2的转化和氧气的生成, 实现了12.18%的CO2转化率, 最低能耗为0.36 kWh/g. 通过发射光谱诊断和数值计算发现, 增加放电功率和填充Al2O3提升了平均电子能量, 通过非平衡振动激发态的生成促进了CO2的活化和转化. 研究结果表明, 选择合适的填充材料可以有效提升等离子体火星CO2转化过程的能量效率. 本研究为后续低温等离子体技术在火星大气原位转化领域的应用提供了一定的理论和实验支撑.The utilization of in-situ resource on Mars is currently one of the key research focuses in deep space exploration. Non-thermal plasma technology provides a promising approach for in-situ conversion of high-concentration CO2 in the Martian atmosphere, with advantages such as strong environmental adaptability and high system efficiency. In this study, a coaxial packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor is employed to investigate the discharge characteristics of simulated Martian atmospheric CO2, with particular emphasis on the effects of SiO2 and Al2O3 packing materials on CO2 conversion performance and energy consumption. Through in-situ spectral diagnostics, the variation patterns of characteristic spectral lines of excited-state CO2 and O2 under different operating conditions are investigated in this work. It is found that increasing the discharge power promotes the generation of excited-state reactive species, which facilitates the activation and conversion of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, increasing the discharge power effectively enhances the electric field strength in CO2 discharge. Compared with plasma only and the use of SiO2 packing material, the system exhibits a more significant electric field enhancement effect when packed with Al2O3 beads. Based on numerical simulations, the electron impact reaction rate constant and electron energy distribution function of CO2 discharge are obtained. The results reveal that packing the discharge gap with Al2O3 material significantly changes the physical characteristics of CO2 discharge, enhances both the electric field strength and the mean electron energy, thereby generating more high-energy electrons and asymmetric vibrational excited states of CO2. This ultimately promotes the CO2 decomposition reaction for oxygen production. Finally, the study examines the effectiveness of CO2 decomposition for oxygen production under various typical operating conditions. It is demonstrated that increasing the discharge power and packing with Al2O3 both contribute to improving the CO2 conversion rate and oxygen production rate, while reducing the energy consumption of the reaction. The introduction of Al2O3 packing enhances the electric field strength, thereby improving CO2 conversion and O2 production, achieving a CO2 conversion rate of 12.18% and a minimum energy consumption of 0.36 kWh/g. This study provides theoretical and experimental support for the future applications of non-thermal plasma technology in the in-situ resource utilization of Martian atmosphere, offering insights into sustainable resource utilization in deep space exploration.
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Keywords:
- Martian atmosphere /
- CO2 conversion /
- discharge characteristics /
- dielectric barrier discharge
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图 1 等离子体火星CO2转化系统示意图
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the plasma-based Mars CO2 conversion system.
图 3 不同填充状态下的CO2放电波形图 (a) 空管; (b) 填充SiO2; (c) 填充Al2O3
Fig. 3. The electrical signals of different filling states: (a) Plasma only; (b) packed with SiO2; (c) packed with Al2O3.
图 5 不同填充状态下放电功率对(a) CO2 (391 nm)和(b) O2 (386 nm)谱线相对强度的影响
Fig. 5. Effect of discharge power on the relative intensities of (a) CO2 (391 nm) and (b) O2 (386 nm) using different packing materials.
图 6 不同填充状态下放电功率对约化场强的影响
Fig. 6. The reduced electric field as a function of discharge power using different packing materials.
图 7 不同工况下约化场强对平均电子能量的影响(彩色区域表示本研究中的约化场强范围)
Fig. 7. Calculated mean electron energy as a function of the reduced electric field (the coloured area illustrates the range of the reduced electric field in this study).
图 8 不同工况下放电功率对平均电子能量的影响
Fig. 8. Calculated mean electron energy as a function of discharge power.
图 9 平均电子能量对不同CO2反应路径的反应速率常数的影响(彩色区域表示本研究中的平均电子能量范围)
Fig. 9. The rate coefficients of different CO2 reaction channels as a function of the mean electron energy (the coloured area illustrates the range of the mean electron energy in this study).
图 10 不同填充状态下放电功率对(a)二氧化碳转化率, (b)制氧速率和(c)反应能耗的影响
Fig. 10. The effect of discharge power under different filling states: (a) CO2 conversion; (b) O2 production rate; (c) energy consumption.
图 A1 在(a)空管; (b)填充SiO2; (c)填充Al2O3的工况下放电功率对部分激发态特征谱线相对强度的影响
Fig. A1. Effect of discharge power on the relative intensities of excited species using different packing materials: (a) Plasma only; (b) SiO2; (c) Al2O3.
表 1 不同填充状态下放电功率对平均电场强度的影响
Table 1. Effect of packing materials on the average electric field at different discharge powers.
放电功率/W 平均电场强度 (kV·cm–1) 空管 SiO2 Al2O3 10 1.32 1.40 1.55 12.5 1.46 1.48 1.72 15 1.53 1.61 1.79 17.5 1.68 1.74 1.95 20 1.82 1.88 2.11 
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表 A1 数值模拟中的二氧化碳活性粒子的种类及参数
Table A1. Types and parameters of carbon dioxide reactive species in numerical simulations.
活性粒子
种类物理意义描述 能量/eV 振动
激发态CO2 (0 1 0) 0.083 CO2 (0 2 0) 0.167 CO2 (1 0 0) 0.167 CO2 (0 3 0) + (1 1 0) 0.252 CO2 (0 0 1) 0.291 CO2 (0 4 0) + (1 2 0) + (0 1 1) 0.339 CO2 (2 0 0) 0.339 CO2 (0 5 0) + (2 1 0) + (1 3 0) +
(0 2 1) + (1 0 1)0.422 CO2 (3 0 0) 0.5 CO2 (0 6 0) + (2 2 0) + (1 4 0) 0.505 CO2 (0 n 0) + (n 0 0) 2.5 电子式
激发态CO2 (e1) 7.0 CO2 (e2) 10.5 离子 CO2+ 13.8
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