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在大气压介质阻挡放电的某些应用场景中，待处理物表面附着的水滴会改变气隙宽度、介电分布、气相成分等条件，进而影响低温等离子体的应用效果。本文建立了大气压氦气介质阻挡放电仿真模型，探究了接触角为45°、90°、135°的水滴附着于待处理物表面时稳态放电结构与活性粒子分布受到的影响及其背后机制。结果表明，水滴表面与上方区域的稳态放电强度受到削弱，这是因为在负击穿中，水滴表面的极化电场增强了等离子体双极性扩散，促成环形放电抑制区；在次正放电阶段，水滴极化导致的种子电子清除效应抑制了水滴上方区域放电，上述放电抑制作用随水滴接触角变大而提升。在化学分布部分，待处理物和水滴表面的活性粒子与电子存在着协同分布关系，其中O与N的分布会因O2与N2键能的不同产生差异，OH与He+的分布则分别受到水滴蒸发与电场的影响。本文系统阐述了水滴附着对介质阻挡放电电化学过程的影响机制，为等离子体-液滴系统的相关应用提供了理论指导。Dielectric barrier discharge technology enables the generation of cold plasma at atmospheric pressure, which contains abundant active particles and shows great potential for fresh produce sterilization applications. However, water droplets frequently adhere to the surfaces of fruits and vegetables, which alters key parameters including the gas gap width, dielectric distribution, and gas-phase composition, consequently affecting the effectiveness of plasma applications. Currently, research on plasmadroplet interactions using contact angle as a variable remains unexplored, and the underlying mechanisms through which adhering droplets affect the electrochemical characteristics of dielectric barrier discharge await further investigation. In this work, we developed an atmospheric-pressure helium dielectric barrier discharge simulation model with a He-O2-N2-H2O reaction system. This model was used to study how water droplets (with contact angles of 45°, 90°, and 135°) adhering to the surface of the specimens affect both the steady-state discharge structure and active particle distribution, along with their underlying mechanisms. The results show that the steadystate discharge intensity is significantly weakened both at the droplet surface and in the region above it, with the maximum weakening observed at a contact angle of 135°. During the main positive breakdown phase, the polarized electric field at the droplet surface significantly enhances both electron impact ionization and secondary electron emission, thereby promoting gas-phase breakdown in the region above the water droplet; During the main negative breakdown phase, this polarized electric field accelerates electron migration toward the liquid surface, which intensifies plasma ambipolar diffusion and consequently leads to the formation of an annular discharge suppression zone around the water droplet; During the secondary positive discharge phase, while the water droplet becomes polarized, a radially inward electric field is generated near the liquid surface, the resulting seed electron scavenging effect suppresses discharge in the region above the water droplet. Due to the stronger polarized electric fields generated at the surfaces of water droplets with larger contact angles, both the discharge enhancement and suppression effects become more pronounced with increasing contact angle. Regarding the chemical species distribution, active particles and electrons exhibit a synergistic distribution relationship. On the surface of the specimens, He⁺ undergo electric fielddriven migration, resulting in a highly non-uniform spatial distribution; The evaporation of water droplets provides more reactant sources for OH generation, thereby increasing its total deposition quantity; Due to the lower bond energy of O2 versus N2, O demonstrates more uniform distribution and greater total deposition quantity than N. On the surface of water droplets, the active particles exhibit a gradually decreasing distribution from the center to the edge. Notably, the total deposition quantity of He⁺ continuously increases with larger contact angles due to the aggregation effect of the polarized electric field. This study systematically elucidates the influence mechanisms of adhering water droplets on the electrochemical processes in dielectric barrier discharge, providing theoretical guidance for relevant applications of plasma-droplet systems.
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Keywords:
- Dielectric barrier discharge /
- Water droplet /
- Discharge structure /
- Active particle
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