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Using a repeating deoxidization method, we prepared Au nanoparticles with different mean sizes of 11 nm, 35 nm and 58 nm. Then the Au nanoparticles were dispersed in mineral oil to form Au nanofluids by the surfactant-assisted phase transition technique. Under electric field, the optical properties of the Au nanofluids were measured. It was found that the Au nanofluids exhibit significant electric field-induced birefringence and the birefringence index can be adjusted by changing the external electric field strength. Furthermore, the birefringence index is influenced by the Au concentration and particle size. Within the suitable particle concentration range, the index decreases with the increase of Au concentration and particle size. Finally, we further discuss the electric field-induced birefringence phenomena of the Au nanofluids according to the structure transformation mechanism of electrorheological fluids under electric field.
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Keywords:
- nano-fluids /
- birefringence /
- electrorheological fluids
[1] ［1］Block H, Kelly J P 1988 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 21 1661
[2] ［2］Hao T 2001Adv. Mater. 13 1847
[3] ［3］Zhao X P, Yin J B, Tang H 2006 Smart Materials and Structures: New Research, Reece P L Ed, Nova Science Publishing, p1—66
[4] ［4］Zhao X P, Yin J B 2006 J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 12 184
[5] ［5］Zhou L W 1994 Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 8 2921
[6] ［6］Zhao X P, Fan J J 2001 Acta Phys. Sin. 50 1302 (in Chinese)［赵晓鹏、 范吉军 2001 物理学报 50 1302］
[7] ［7］Huang M, Zhao X P, Wang B X, Yin J B, Cao C N 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 1895 (in Chinese)［黄敏、 赵晓鹏、 王宝祥、 尹剑波、 曹昌年 2004 物理学报 53 1895］
[8] ［8］Zhao X P, Huang M, Tang H, Yin J B, Guo H L, Luo C R 2005 Phys. Lett. A 339 159
[9] ［9］Zhao X P, Zhang Q Y, Qu C Z 1999 Acta Photo. Sin. 12 1071 (in Chinese) ［赵晓鹏、 张秋艳、 渠长振 1999 光子学报 12 1071］
[10] ］Tang H, Luo C R, Zhao X P 2004 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 37 2337
[11] ］Zhao X P, Zhao Q, Gao X M 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 93 4309
[12] ］Zhao Q, Zhao X P, Qu C Z, Xiang L Q 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 1985
[13] ］Choi U S 1995 ASME FED 231 99
[14] ］Xuan Y, Li Q 2000 J. Heat Fluid Flow 21 58
[15] ］Lu Q, Xiang L Q, Huang J X, Zhao X P 2008 J. Mater. Res. 22 500 (in Chinese) ［卢倩、 向礼琴、 黄景兴、 赵晓鹏 2008 材料研究学报 22 500］
[16] ］Chassagne C, Bedeaux D, Kopper G J M 2006 J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 295 528
[17] ］Xie H Q, Xi T G, Wang J C 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 1444 (in Chinese) ［谢华清、 奚同庚、 王锦昌 2003 物理学报 52 1444］
[18] ］Zheng J J, Sun G 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 5210 (in Chinese) ［郑俊娟、 孙刚 2005 物理学报 54 5210］
[19] ］Dong L J, Jiang H T, Yang C Q, Shi Y L 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 4657 (in Chinese)［董丽娟、 江海涛、 杨成全、 石云龙 2007 物理学报 56 4657］
[20] ］Yaroslav A U, Gennady S, Jonathar F 2007 Opt. Exp. 15 14129
[21] ］Bigall N C, Hartling T, Klose M Simon P, Eng L M, Eychmuller A 2008 Nano Lett. 8 4588
[22] ］Averitt R D 1999 J. Opti. Soci. Am. B 16 1824
[23] ］Liu X F, Jiang C Z, Ren F,Fu Q 2005 Acta Phys. Sin.54 4633 (in Chinese)［刘向绯、 蒋昌忠、 任峰、付强 2005 物理学报 54 4633］
[24] ］Johnson P B, Christy R W 1972 Phys. Rev. B 6 4370
[25] ］Wen W J, Men S Q, Lu K Q 1997 Phys. Rev. E 55 3015
[26] ］Brandt P C, Ivlev A V, Morfill G E 2009 J. Chem. Phys. 130 204513
[27] ］van der Zande B M I, Koper G J M, Lekkerkerker H N W 1999 J. Phys. Chem. B 103 5754
[28] ］Zhang X J, Zhao J L, Hou J P 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 4668 (in Chinese)［张晓娟、 赵建林、 侯建平 2007 物理学报 56 4668］
[29] ］Liu N, Guo H C, Fu L W, Kaiser S, Schweizer H, Giessen H 2007 Adv. Mater. 19 3628
[30] ］Mulvaney P 1996 Langmuir 12 788
[31] ］Gao X Y, Xing G M, Chu W G 2008 Adv. Mater. 20 1794
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[1] ［1］Block H, Kelly J P 1988 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 21 1661
[2] ［2］Hao T 2001Adv. Mater. 13 1847
[3] ［3］Zhao X P, Yin J B, Tang H 2006 Smart Materials and Structures: New Research, Reece P L Ed, Nova Science Publishing, p1—66
[4] ［4］Zhao X P, Yin J B 2006 J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 12 184
[5] ［5］Zhou L W 1994 Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 8 2921
[6] ［6］Zhao X P, Fan J J 2001 Acta Phys. Sin. 50 1302 (in Chinese)［赵晓鹏、 范吉军 2001 物理学报 50 1302］
[7] ［7］Huang M, Zhao X P, Wang B X, Yin J B, Cao C N 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 1895 (in Chinese)［黄敏、 赵晓鹏、 王宝祥、 尹剑波、 曹昌年 2004 物理学报 53 1895］
[8] ［8］Zhao X P, Huang M, Tang H, Yin J B, Guo H L, Luo C R 2005 Phys. Lett. A 339 159
[9] ［9］Zhao X P, Zhang Q Y, Qu C Z 1999 Acta Photo. Sin. 12 1071 (in Chinese) ［赵晓鹏、 张秋艳、 渠长振 1999 光子学报 12 1071］
[10] ］Tang H, Luo C R, Zhao X P 2004 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 37 2337
[11] ］Zhao X P, Zhao Q, Gao X M 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 93 4309
[12] ］Zhao Q, Zhao X P, Qu C Z, Xiang L Q 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 1985
[13] ］Choi U S 1995 ASME FED 231 99
[14] ］Xuan Y, Li Q 2000 J. Heat Fluid Flow 21 58
[15] ］Lu Q, Xiang L Q, Huang J X, Zhao X P 2008 J. Mater. Res. 22 500 (in Chinese) ［卢倩、 向礼琴、 黄景兴、 赵晓鹏 2008 材料研究学报 22 500］
[16] ］Chassagne C, Bedeaux D, Kopper G J M 2006 J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 295 528
[17] ］Xie H Q, Xi T G, Wang J C 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 1444 (in Chinese) ［谢华清、 奚同庚、 王锦昌 2003 物理学报 52 1444］
[18] ］Zheng J J, Sun G 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 5210 (in Chinese) ［郑俊娟、 孙刚 2005 物理学报 54 5210］
[19] ］Dong L J, Jiang H T, Yang C Q, Shi Y L 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 4657 (in Chinese)［董丽娟、 江海涛、 杨成全、 石云龙 2007 物理学报 56 4657］
[20] ］Yaroslav A U, Gennady S, Jonathar F 2007 Opt. Exp. 15 14129
[21] ］Bigall N C, Hartling T, Klose M Simon P, Eng L M, Eychmuller A 2008 Nano Lett. 8 4588
[22] ］Averitt R D 1999 J. Opti. Soci. Am. B 16 1824
[23] ］Liu X F, Jiang C Z, Ren F,Fu Q 2005 Acta Phys. Sin.54 4633 (in Chinese)［刘向绯、 蒋昌忠、 任峰、付强 2005 物理学报 54 4633］
[24] ］Johnson P B, Christy R W 1972 Phys. Rev. B 6 4370
[25] ］Wen W J, Men S Q, Lu K Q 1997 Phys. Rev. E 55 3015
[26] ］Brandt P C, Ivlev A V, Morfill G E 2009 J. Chem. Phys. 130 204513
[27] ］van der Zande B M I, Koper G J M, Lekkerkerker H N W 1999 J. Phys. Chem. B 103 5754
[28] ］Zhang X J, Zhao J L, Hou J P 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 4668 (in Chinese)［张晓娟、 赵建林、 侯建平 2007 物理学报 56 4668］
[29] ］Liu N, Guo H C, Fu L W, Kaiser S, Schweizer H, Giessen H 2007 Adv. Mater. 19 3628
[30] ］Mulvaney P 1996 Langmuir 12 788
[31] ］Gao X Y, Xing G M, Chu W G 2008 Adv. Mater. 20 1794
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