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Low fluid friction is difficult to obtain on super-hydrophobic surfaces for a large flow velocity, because the entrapped gas within the surface is weakened substantially. Once the gas removed, the friction of the fluid increases markedly due to its own surface roughness. In this study, a hydrophobic transverse microgrooved surface is designed to sustain the air pockets in the valleys for a long time. Direct optical measurements are conducted to observe the entrapped gas when water flows past the surface in the perpendicular direction of grating patterns. More importantly, this hydrophobic transverse micro-grooved surface has been determined to have the capability of automatic formation of gas. Some of the gas is continually carried away from the surface and new gas is continually generated to substitute the lost gas. And the stable slippages at the surface are achieved corresponding to the relative stable gas on this designed surface.
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Keywords:
- drag reduction underwater /
- gas /
- hydrophobic transverse grooved surface /
- slippage
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[2] Ke G X, Pan G, Huang Q G, Hu H B 2009 Adv. Mech. 39 546 (in Chinese)[柯贵喜, 潘光, 黄桥高, 胡海豹2009 力学进展39 546]
[3] Wang X N, Gen X G, Zang D Y 2013 Acta. Phys. Sin. 62 054701 (in Chinese) [王晓娜, 耿兴国, 臧渡洋2013 物理学报62 054701]
[4] Li F C, Cai W H, Zhang H N, Wang Y 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 114701
[5] Mei D J, Fan B C, Chen Y H, Ye J F 2010 Acta. Phys. Sin. 59 8335 (in Chinese) [梅栋杰, 范宝春, 陈耀慧, 叶经方2010 物理学报59 8335]
[6] Li G, Li S M, Xu Y J, Zhang Y, Li H M, Nie C Q, Zhu J Q 2009 Acta. Phys. Sin. 58 4026 (in Chinese)[李钢, 李轶明, 徐燕骥, 张翼, 李汉明, 聂超群, 朱俊强2009 物理学报58 4026]
[7] Chen G F, Gong M Q, Shen J, Zou X, Wu J F 2010 Acta. Phys. Sin. 59 8669 (in Chinese)[陈高飞, 公茂琼, 沈俊, 邹鑫, 吴剑峰2010 物理学报59 8669]
[8] Gu C Y, Di Q F, Shi L Y, Wu F, Wang W C, Yu Z B 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 3701(in Chinese) [顾春元, 狄勤丰, 施利毅, 吴非, 王文昌, 余祖斌2008 物理学报57 3701]
[9] Gong B Z, Zhang B J 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 1504 (in Chinese)[龚博致, 张秉坚2009 物理学报58 1504]
[10] Vakarelski I U, Marston J O, Chan D Y C, Thoroddsen S T 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 214501
[11] Niru K, Suresh V G 2011 Langmuir 27 10342
[12] Lee C, Kim C J 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 014502
[13] Kazuyuki H, Takao S, Fujio Y 2011 Exp. Fluids 50 715
[14] Watanabe K, Udagawa H 1999 J. Fluid Mech. 381 225
[15] Tian J, Xu J F, Xue Q J 1997 J. Hydrodynamics 12 27 (in Chinese) [田军, 徐锦芬, 薛群基1997 水动力学研究与进展12 27]
[16] Lee C, Choi C H, Kim C J 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 064501
[17] Lee C, Kim C J 2009 Langmuir 25 12812
[18] Choi C H, Ulmanella U, Kim J, Ho C M, Kim C J 2006 Phys. Fluids 18 087105
[19] Choi C H, Kim C J 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 066001
[20] Tsai P, Peters A M, Pirat C, Wessling M, Lammertink R G, Lohse D 2009 Phys. Fluids 21 112002
[21] Aljallis E, Sarshar M A, Datla R, Sikka V, Jones A, Choi C H 2013 Phys. Fluids 25 025103
[22] Sun W Y, Kim C J 2013 IEEE 26th International Conference Taipei, IEEE January 20-24,2013 p397
[23] Sakai M, Nakajima A, Fujishima A 2010 Chem. Lett. 39 482
[24] Ding B, Ogawa T, Kim J 2008 Thin Solid Films 516 2495
[25] Wang J D, Chen D R 2008 Langmuir 24 10174
[26] Poetes R, Holtzmann K, Franze K, Steiner U 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 166104
[27] Furmidge C G L 1962 J. Colloid Sci. 17 309
[28] Govardhan R N, Srinivas G S, Asthana A, Bobji M S 2009 Phys. Fluids 21 052001
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[1] Shi X H, Wang X J 1995 Introduction to underwater weapon (Torpedo) (Xi’an: Northwestern Polytechnical University Press) p28-33 (in Chinese) [石秀华, 王晓娟 1995 水中兵器概论(鱼雷部分) (西安: 西北工业大学出版社) 第28–33 页]
[2] Ke G X, Pan G, Huang Q G, Hu H B 2009 Adv. Mech. 39 546 (in Chinese)[柯贵喜, 潘光, 黄桥高, 胡海豹2009 力学进展39 546]
[3] Wang X N, Gen X G, Zang D Y 2013 Acta. Phys. Sin. 62 054701 (in Chinese) [王晓娜, 耿兴国, 臧渡洋2013 物理学报62 054701]
[4] Li F C, Cai W H, Zhang H N, Wang Y 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 114701
[5] Mei D J, Fan B C, Chen Y H, Ye J F 2010 Acta. Phys. Sin. 59 8335 (in Chinese) [梅栋杰, 范宝春, 陈耀慧, 叶经方2010 物理学报59 8335]
[6] Li G, Li S M, Xu Y J, Zhang Y, Li H M, Nie C Q, Zhu J Q 2009 Acta. Phys. Sin. 58 4026 (in Chinese)[李钢, 李轶明, 徐燕骥, 张翼, 李汉明, 聂超群, 朱俊强2009 物理学报58 4026]
[7] Chen G F, Gong M Q, Shen J, Zou X, Wu J F 2010 Acta. Phys. Sin. 59 8669 (in Chinese)[陈高飞, 公茂琼, 沈俊, 邹鑫, 吴剑峰2010 物理学报59 8669]
[8] Gu C Y, Di Q F, Shi L Y, Wu F, Wang W C, Yu Z B 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 3701(in Chinese) [顾春元, 狄勤丰, 施利毅, 吴非, 王文昌, 余祖斌2008 物理学报57 3701]
[9] Gong B Z, Zhang B J 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 1504 (in Chinese)[龚博致, 张秉坚2009 物理学报58 1504]
[10] Vakarelski I U, Marston J O, Chan D Y C, Thoroddsen S T 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 214501
[11] Niru K, Suresh V G 2011 Langmuir 27 10342
[12] Lee C, Kim C J 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 014502
[13] Kazuyuki H, Takao S, Fujio Y 2011 Exp. Fluids 50 715
[14] Watanabe K, Udagawa H 1999 J. Fluid Mech. 381 225
[15] Tian J, Xu J F, Xue Q J 1997 J. Hydrodynamics 12 27 (in Chinese) [田军, 徐锦芬, 薛群基1997 水动力学研究与进展12 27]
[16] Lee C, Choi C H, Kim C J 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 064501
[17] Lee C, Kim C J 2009 Langmuir 25 12812
[18] Choi C H, Ulmanella U, Kim J, Ho C M, Kim C J 2006 Phys. Fluids 18 087105
[19] Choi C H, Kim C J 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 066001
[20] Tsai P, Peters A M, Pirat C, Wessling M, Lammertink R G, Lohse D 2009 Phys. Fluids 21 112002
[21] Aljallis E, Sarshar M A, Datla R, Sikka V, Jones A, Choi C H 2013 Phys. Fluids 25 025103
[22] Sun W Y, Kim C J 2013 IEEE 26th International Conference Taipei, IEEE January 20-24,2013 p397
[23] Sakai M, Nakajima A, Fujishima A 2010 Chem. Lett. 39 482
[24] Ding B, Ogawa T, Kim J 2008 Thin Solid Films 516 2495
[25] Wang J D, Chen D R 2008 Langmuir 24 10174
[26] Poetes R, Holtzmann K, Franze K, Steiner U 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 166104
[27] Furmidge C G L 1962 J. Colloid Sci. 17 309
[28] Govardhan R N, Srinivas G S, Asthana A, Bobji M S 2009 Phys. Fluids 21 052001
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