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Many GaInN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are subjected to a great temperature variation during their serving. In these applications, it is advantageous that GaInN LEDs have a weak temperature dependence of forward voltage. However, the factors determining the exact temperature dependence of the forward voltage characteristics are not fully understood. In this paper, two series of GaInN LEDs are prepared for investigating the correlation between the epitaxial structural and the temperature dependence of the forward voltage characteristics. The forward voltage characteristics of samples are studied in a temperature range from 100 K to 350 K. The curves of forward voltage versus temperature (dV/dT) are compared and analyzed. For the three samples in series I, according to the barrier thickness and emitting wavelength, they are designated as blue multiquantum well (MQW) with thin barrier (sample A), blue MQW with thick barrier (sample B), and green barrier with thick barrier (sample C) respectively. Their structures of active region including the insertion layer between n-GaN and MQW, the MQW, and the emitting wavelength are different from each other. However, the same slopes of dV/dT at room temperature (300 K± 50 K) are observed in the samples. Moreover, samples B and C with the same p-type layer design also have the same slopes of dV/dT at cryogenic temperatures. Sample A with a much thinner p-type layer shows a lower slope than samples B and C. Based on the these experimental data, it is deduced that the intrinsic physic properties of active region such as structure and emission wavelength have a little influence on the variation of the slope of dV/dT either at room temperature or at cryogenic temperatures. Moreover, the Mg concentration of the p-GaN main region determines the slope of dV/dT at cryogenic temperatures. Low doping concentration leads to a high slope of dV/dT.#br#In order to find the decisive factor determining the slope of dV/dT at room temperature, three samples in series II are grown. For sample E, at the MQW-EBL (electron blocking layer) interface, the Mg concentration increases very slowly while an abruptly varying doping profile is observed for samples D and F. The slopes of samples D and F are both -1.3 mV·K-1. This is very close to the calculation value of the lower bond for the change in forward voltage (-1.2 mV·K-1). Meanwhile, the slope of sample E is -2.5 mV·K-1, which is much higher than those of samples D and F. Thus, it is suggested that the major factor influencing the slope of dV/dT at room temperature is the Mg doping profile of the initial growth stage of the p-AlGaN electron blocking layer. These phenomena are mainly attributed to the changes of the activation energy of p-AlGaN and p-GaN, since it relies on the doping concentration and temperature. Our findings clarify the roles of active region, p-AlGaN and p-GaN in the temperature dependence of the forward voltage characteristic. More importantly, the results obtained in this study are helpful for optimizing the growth parameters to achieve LED devices with forward voltage that has a low sensitivity to temperature.
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Keywords:
- gallium nitride /
- light-emitting diodes /
- forward voltage /
- electroluminescence
[1] Chen W C, Tang H L, Luo P, Ma W W, Xu X D, Qian X B, Jiang D P, Wu F, Wang J Y, Xu J 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 068103 (in Chinese) [陈伟超, 唐慧丽, 罗平, 麻尉蔚, 徐晓东, 钱小波, 姜大朋, 吴锋, 王静雅, 徐军 2014 物理学报 63 068103]
[2] Xie Z L, Zhang R, Fu D Y, Liu B, Xiu X Q, Hua X M, Zhao H, Chen P, Han P, Shi Y, Zheng Y D 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 116801
[3] Jiang R, Lu H, Chen D J, Ren F F, Yan D W, Zhang R, Zheng Y D 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 047805
[4] Xi Y, Schubert E F 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 2163
[5] Keppens S, Ryckaert W R, Deconinck G, Hanselaer P 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 104 093104
[6] Jiang F Y, Liu W H, Li Y Q, Fang W Q, Mo C L, Zhou M X, Liu H C 2007 J. Lumin. 122 693
[7] Meyaard D S, Cho J, Schubert E F, Han S H, Kim M H, Sone C 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 121103
[8] Mao Q H, Jiang F Y, Cheng H Y, Zheng C D 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 8078 (in Chinese) [毛清华, 江风益, 程海英, 郑畅达 2010 物理学报 59 8078]
[9] Götz W, Johnson N M, Chen C, Liu H, Kuo C, Imler W 1996 Appl. Phys. Lett. 68 3144
[10] Kozodoy P, Xing H L, Denbaars S P, Mishara U K 2000 J. Appl. Phys. 87 1832
[11] Ohba Y, Hatano A 1994 J. Cryst. Growth 145 214
[12] Suzuki M, Nishio J, Onomura M, Hongo C 1998 J. Cryst. Growth 189 511
[13] Tanaka T, Watanabe A, Amano H, Kobayashi Y, Akasaki I, Yamazaki S, Koike M 1994 Appl. Phys. Lett. 65 593
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[1] Chen W C, Tang H L, Luo P, Ma W W, Xu X D, Qian X B, Jiang D P, Wu F, Wang J Y, Xu J 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 068103 (in Chinese) [陈伟超, 唐慧丽, 罗平, 麻尉蔚, 徐晓东, 钱小波, 姜大朋, 吴锋, 王静雅, 徐军 2014 物理学报 63 068103]
[2] Xie Z L, Zhang R, Fu D Y, Liu B, Xiu X Q, Hua X M, Zhao H, Chen P, Han P, Shi Y, Zheng Y D 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 116801
[3] Jiang R, Lu H, Chen D J, Ren F F, Yan D W, Zhang R, Zheng Y D 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 047805
[4] Xi Y, Schubert E F 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 2163
[5] Keppens S, Ryckaert W R, Deconinck G, Hanselaer P 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 104 093104
[6] Jiang F Y, Liu W H, Li Y Q, Fang W Q, Mo C L, Zhou M X, Liu H C 2007 J. Lumin. 122 693
[7] Meyaard D S, Cho J, Schubert E F, Han S H, Kim M H, Sone C 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 121103
[8] Mao Q H, Jiang F Y, Cheng H Y, Zheng C D 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 8078 (in Chinese) [毛清华, 江风益, 程海英, 郑畅达 2010 物理学报 59 8078]
[9] Götz W, Johnson N M, Chen C, Liu H, Kuo C, Imler W 1996 Appl. Phys. Lett. 68 3144
[10] Kozodoy P, Xing H L, Denbaars S P, Mishara U K 2000 J. Appl. Phys. 87 1832
[11] Ohba Y, Hatano A 1994 J. Cryst. Growth 145 214
[12] Suzuki M, Nishio J, Onomura M, Hongo C 1998 J. Cryst. Growth 189 511
[13] Tanaka T, Watanabe A, Amano H, Kobayashi Y, Akasaki I, Yamazaki S, Koike M 1994 Appl. Phys. Lett. 65 593
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