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A new scheme to create a closed toroidal magnetic waveguide for deBroglie wave on a single layer atom chip is proposed and there is no zero magnetic field along the guide center. The guide is a two-dimensional magnetic trap for trapping weak-field seeking states of atoms with a magnetic dipole moment. The designed wire structure on the atom chip consists of three concentric and isometric ring wires, and six vertical current leads of the three ring wires. By using the through silicon via technology, the current leads can be made perpendicular to the atom chip surface instead of being generally arranged side by side on the chip surface. Compared with the general wiring way, the vertical lead way has two advantages. One is that each ring wire gap caused by the current leads is substantially smaller than the distance between the ring wires, which permits the generation of a closed toroidal magnetic guide near the atom chip surface when dc currents are supplied to the three ring wires. The other is that the distance between two leads of each ring wire is considerably reduced, resulting in the fact that the magnetic perturbation of the leads to the whole toroidal magnetic guide is negligible. We numerically calculate the magnetic field distribution generated by our wire layout when dc currents are applied, and it is shown that a closed and tight toroidal magnetic guide is formed near the atom chip surface. However, there are zero magnetic fields existing along the center of the toroidal guide, which leads to Majorana spin flips from trapped magnetic substate to an un-trapped magnetic sub-state. According to the time-orbiting-potential principle, we propose an ac current modulation method, which is simple and stable, to reduce the atom losses and suppress the atomic decoherence in the toroidal magnetic guide. We deduce the ac current expressions for the case of three isometric infinite straight wires and apply the ac modulation current expressions directly to our three ring wire structure. The numerical calculation results show that the closed toroidal guide does no longer have zero magnetic fields near the magnetic field minimum, and that the magnetic field fluctuation of the guide is smaller. Based on the vertical leads and ac current modulation, the closed toroidal wave guide with no zero magnetic field along the guide center can be generated near the atom chip surface. This scheme has important scientific significance and engineering value for developing the cold atomic chip gyroscope.
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Keywords:
- toroidal magnetic guide /
- atom chip /
- through silicon via /
- ac current modulation
[1] Rosi G, Sorrentino F, Cacciapuoti L, Prevedelli M, Tino G M 2014 Nature 510 518
[2] Gupta S, Dieckmann K, Hadzibabic Z, Pritchard D E 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 140401
[3] Canuel B, Leduc F, Holleville D, Gauguet A, Fils J, Virdis A, Clairon A, Dimarcq N, Bord C J, Landragin A, Bouyer P 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 010402
[4] Zhou M K, Duan X C, Chen L L, Luo Q, Xu Y Y, Hu Z K 2015 Chin.Phys.B 24 050401
[5] Wang Y J, Anderson D Z, Bright V M, Cornell E A, Diot Q, Kishimoto T, Prentiss M, Saravanan R A, Segal S R, Wu S 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 090405
[6] Snadden M J M J M, Bouyer P, Haritos K G and Kasevich M A 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 971
[7] Tang B, Zhang B, Zhou L, Wang J, Zhan M 2015 Eur. Phys. J. D 69 233
[8] Barrett B, Geiger R, Dutta I, Meunier M, Canuel B, Gauguet A, Bouyer P, Landragin A 2014 C.R.Physique 15 875
[9] Wu S, Su E, Prentiss M 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 173201
[10] Geiger R, Menoret V, Stern G, Zahzam N, Cheinet P, Battelier B, Villing A, Moron F, Lours M, Bidel Y, Bresson A, Landragin A, Bouyer P 2011 Nat. Commun. 2 474
[11] Cronin A D, Schmiedmayer J, Pritchard D E 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 1051
[12] Wang J 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 053702
[13] Yan H 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 194102
[14] Richmond J A, Cantwell B P, Chormaic S N, Lau D C, Akulshin A M, Opat G I 2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 033422
[15] Vangeleyn M, Garraway B M, Perrin H, Arnold A S 2014 J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys. 47 071001
[16] Sauer J A, Barrett M D, Chapman M S 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 270401
[17] Deissler B, Hughes K J, Burke J H T, Sackett C A 2008 Phys. Rev. A 77 031604
[18] Folman R, Kruger P, Cassettari D, Hessmo B, Maier T, Schmiedmayer J 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 4749
[19] Lovecchio C, Cherukattil S, Cilenti B, Herrera I, Cataliotti F S, Montangero S, Calarco T, Caruso F 2015 New J. Phys. 17 093024
[20] Crookston M B, Baker P M, Robinson M P 2005 J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys. 38 3289
[21] Baker P M, Stickney J A, Squires M B, Scoville J A, Carlson E J, Buchwald W R, Miller S M 2009 Phys. Rev. A 80 063615
[22] Jiang X J, Li X L, Xu X P, Zhang H C, Wang Y Z 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 020301
[23] Petrich W, Anderson M H, Ensher J R, Cornell E A 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 3352
[24] Minogin V G, Richmond J A, Opat G I 1998 Phys. Rev. A 58 3138
[25] Feenstra L 2004 Gen. Relat. Gravit. 36 2317
[26] Katti G, Stucchi M, De Meyer K, Dehaene W 2010 IEEE T ELECTR INSUL 57 256
[27] Arnold A S 2004 J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys. 37 L29
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[1] Rosi G, Sorrentino F, Cacciapuoti L, Prevedelli M, Tino G M 2014 Nature 510 518
[2] Gupta S, Dieckmann K, Hadzibabic Z, Pritchard D E 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 140401
[3] Canuel B, Leduc F, Holleville D, Gauguet A, Fils J, Virdis A, Clairon A, Dimarcq N, Bord C J, Landragin A, Bouyer P 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 010402
[4] Zhou M K, Duan X C, Chen L L, Luo Q, Xu Y Y, Hu Z K 2015 Chin.Phys.B 24 050401
[5] Wang Y J, Anderson D Z, Bright V M, Cornell E A, Diot Q, Kishimoto T, Prentiss M, Saravanan R A, Segal S R, Wu S 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 090405
[6] Snadden M J M J M, Bouyer P, Haritos K G and Kasevich M A 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 971
[7] Tang B, Zhang B, Zhou L, Wang J, Zhan M 2015 Eur. Phys. J. D 69 233
[8] Barrett B, Geiger R, Dutta I, Meunier M, Canuel B, Gauguet A, Bouyer P, Landragin A 2014 C.R.Physique 15 875
[9] Wu S, Su E, Prentiss M 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 173201
[10] Geiger R, Menoret V, Stern G, Zahzam N, Cheinet P, Battelier B, Villing A, Moron F, Lours M, Bidel Y, Bresson A, Landragin A, Bouyer P 2011 Nat. Commun. 2 474
[11] Cronin A D, Schmiedmayer J, Pritchard D E 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 1051
[12] Wang J 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 053702
[13] Yan H 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 194102
[14] Richmond J A, Cantwell B P, Chormaic S N, Lau D C, Akulshin A M, Opat G I 2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 033422
[15] Vangeleyn M, Garraway B M, Perrin H, Arnold A S 2014 J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys. 47 071001
[16] Sauer J A, Barrett M D, Chapman M S 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 270401
[17] Deissler B, Hughes K J, Burke J H T, Sackett C A 2008 Phys. Rev. A 77 031604
[18] Folman R, Kruger P, Cassettari D, Hessmo B, Maier T, Schmiedmayer J 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 4749
[19] Lovecchio C, Cherukattil S, Cilenti B, Herrera I, Cataliotti F S, Montangero S, Calarco T, Caruso F 2015 New J. Phys. 17 093024
[20] Crookston M B, Baker P M, Robinson M P 2005 J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys. 38 3289
[21] Baker P M, Stickney J A, Squires M B, Scoville J A, Carlson E J, Buchwald W R, Miller S M 2009 Phys. Rev. A 80 063615
[22] Jiang X J, Li X L, Xu X P, Zhang H C, Wang Y Z 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 020301
[23] Petrich W, Anderson M H, Ensher J R, Cornell E A 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 3352
[24] Minogin V G, Richmond J A, Opat G I 1998 Phys. Rev. A 58 3138
[25] Feenstra L 2004 Gen. Relat. Gravit. 36 2317
[26] Katti G, Stucchi M, De Meyer K, Dehaene W 2010 IEEE T ELECTR INSUL 57 256
[27] Arnold A S 2004 J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys. 37 L29
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