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The morphological evolutions of gold nanofilm on the suspended graphene is investigated before and after an annealing process, and two important phenomena are observed. First, the layer number of suspended graphene can be determined by the morphological change of gold nanofilm, and it is noteworthy that as-observed results without the substrate supporting effect are completely contrary to previously reported results of the graphene supported by the substrate. Second, after a rapid and careful annealing process, the gold nanofilm on the suspended graphene shows a liquid-like behavior as if the water is on the lotus leave surface. The mechanisms behind these phenomena are discussed in detail. These results provide very useful information for many applications such as metal intercalation in graphene, electronic contact between metal and graphene, fabrication of patterned suspended graphene device, etc.
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Keywords:
- suspended graphene /
- metal nanofilm /
- Raman
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[18] Chen C, Rosenblatt S, Bolotin K I, Kalb W, Kim P, Kymissis I, Stormer H L, Heinz T F, Hone J 2009 Nat. Nanotechnol. 4 861
[19] Klimov N N, Jung S, Zhu S, Li T, Wright C A, Solares S D, Newell D B, Zhitenev N B, Stroscio J A 2012 Science 336 1557
[20] Lindahl N, Midtvedt D, Svensson J, Nerushev O A, Lindvall N, Isacsson A, Campbell E E 2012 Nano Lett. 12 3526
[21] Bunch J S, van der Zande A M, Verbridge S S, Frank I W, Tanenbaum D M, Parpia J M, Craighead H G, McEuen P L 2007 Science 315 490
[22] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666
[23] Ni Z H, Yu T, Lu Y H, Wang Y Y, Feng Y P, Shen Z X 2008 ACS Nano 2 2301
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[26] Pisana S, Lazzeri M, Casiraghi C, Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Ferrari A C, Mauri F 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 198
[27] Ma L Y, Tang L, Guan Z L, He K, An K, Ma X C, Jia J F, Xue Q K, Han Y, Huang S, Liu F 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 266102
[28] Mo Y W, Kleiner J, Webb M B, Lagally M G 1991 Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 1998
[29] Huang L, Pan Y, Pan L D, Gao M, Xu W Y, Que Y D, Zhou H T, Wang Y L, Du S X, Gao H J 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 163107
[30] Rafiee J, Mi X, Gullapalli H, Thomas A V, Yavari F, Shi Y, Ajayan P M, Koratkar N A 2012 Nat. Mater. 11 217
[31] Tian S, Li L, Sun W, Xia X, Han D, Li J, Gu C 2012 Sci. Rep. 2 511
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[1] Xia F, Perebeinos V, Lin Y M, Wu Y, Avouris P 2011 Nat. Nanotechnol. 6 179
[2] Grosse K L, Bae M H, Lian F F, Pop E, King W P 2011 Nat. Nanotechnol. 6 287
[3] Wang Z, Xie R, Bui C T, Liu D, Ni X, Li B, Thong J T L 2011 Nano Lett. 11 113
[4] Goyal V, Balandin A A 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 073113
[5] Huard B, Stander N, Sulpizio J A, Goldhaber-Gordon D 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 121402
[6] Giovannetti G, Khomyakov P A, Brocks G, Karpan V M, van den Brink J, Kelly P J 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 026803
[7] Krstic V, Obergfell D, Hansel S, Rikken G L, Blokland J H, Ferreira M S, Roth S 2008 Nano Lett. 8 1700
[8] Gong C, Hinojos D, Wang W, Nijem N, Shan B, Wallace R M, Cho K, Chabal Y J 2012 ACS Nano 6 5381
[9] Zan R, Bangert U, Ramasse Q, Novoselov K S 2012 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 3 953
[10] Zhou H, Qiu C, Liu Z, Yang H, Hu L, Liu J, Yang H, Gu C, Sun L 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 944
[11] Zhou H Q, Qiu C Y, Yu F, Yang H C, Chen M J, Hu L J, Sun L F 2011 J. Phys. Chem. C 115 11348
[12] Zhou H Q, Yu F, Yang H C, Chen M J, Wang G, Sun L F 2011 Chem. Phys. Lett. 518 76
[13] Zhou H, Yu F, Yang H, Qiu C, Chen M, Hu L, Guo Y, Yang H, Gu C, Sun L 2011 Chem. Commun. 47 9408
[14] Du X, Skachko I, Barker A, Andrei E Y 2008 Nat. Nanotechnol. 3 491
[15] Balandin A A 2011 Nat. Mater. 10 569
[16] Shi Z W, Lu H L, Zhang L C, Yang R, Wang Y, Liu D H, Guo H M, Shi D X, Gao H J, Wang E G, Zhang G Y 2012 Nano Res. 5 82
[17] Newaz A K, Puzyrev Y S, Wang B, Pantelides S T, Bolotin K I 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 734
[18] Chen C, Rosenblatt S, Bolotin K I, Kalb W, Kim P, Kymissis I, Stormer H L, Heinz T F, Hone J 2009 Nat. Nanotechnol. 4 861
[19] Klimov N N, Jung S, Zhu S, Li T, Wright C A, Solares S D, Newell D B, Zhitenev N B, Stroscio J A 2012 Science 336 1557
[20] Lindahl N, Midtvedt D, Svensson J, Nerushev O A, Lindvall N, Isacsson A, Campbell E E 2012 Nano Lett. 12 3526
[21] Bunch J S, van der Zande A M, Verbridge S S, Frank I W, Tanenbaum D M, Parpia J M, Craighead H G, McEuen P L 2007 Science 315 490
[22] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666
[23] Ni Z H, Yu T, Lu Y H, Wang Y Y, Feng Y P, Shen Z X 2008 ACS Nano 2 2301
[24] Ferrari A C, Meyer J C, Scardaci V, Casiraghi C, Lazzeri M, Mauri F, Piscanec S, Jiang D, Novoselov K S, Roth S, Geim A K 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 187401
[25] Zabel J, Nair R R, Ott A, Georgiou T, Geim A K, Novoselov K S, Casiraghi C 2012 Nano Lett. 12 617
[26] Pisana S, Lazzeri M, Casiraghi C, Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Ferrari A C, Mauri F 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 198
[27] Ma L Y, Tang L, Guan Z L, He K, An K, Ma X C, Jia J F, Xue Q K, Han Y, Huang S, Liu F 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 266102
[28] Mo Y W, Kleiner J, Webb M B, Lagally M G 1991 Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 1998
[29] Huang L, Pan Y, Pan L D, Gao M, Xu W Y, Que Y D, Zhou H T, Wang Y L, Du S X, Gao H J 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 163107
[30] Rafiee J, Mi X, Gullapalli H, Thomas A V, Yavari F, Shi Y, Ajayan P M, Koratkar N A 2012 Nat. Mater. 11 217
[31] Tian S, Li L, Sun W, Xia X, Han D, Li J, Gu C 2012 Sci. Rep. 2 511
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