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The vortex beam is a ring-shaped beam whose center intensity or axial intensity is zero in the propagation direction and whose phase has a spiral rising or falling gradient distribution, which is also called a dark hollow beam. Vortex beams have important applications in free-space optical communication, optical micromanipulation, quantum information processing, optical measurement, super-resolution imaging, laser processing, and material processing. In recent years, with the in-depth research on vortex beams, the application requirements for high-power vortex beams also increase. High-power and high-quality vortex beam can be obtained by coherent combining technology. However, the spiral spectrum characteristics of the vortex beam generated by coherent combining technology need further exploring. In this paper, based on the theory of spectral analysis, we derive the position and magnitude of the spiral phase spectral component of the coherent synthetic vortex beam. The numerical results verify the correctness of the theoretical derivation. Based on the above spectral analysis theory, the mode purity of the target synthesis topology charge can be used as the evaluation function to evaluate quality and optimize the parameters for the coherent synthetic vortex beam, and then to quantitatively guide the coherent synthesis of the vortex beam. The results show that with the increase of the number of sub-beams and the radius of the beam waist of the source plane, the reduction of the radius of the bundle ring and the mode purity of the target synthesis topology charge can be improved, and then we can obtain the high-quality vortex beam. This is consistent with the conclusion obtained by using traditional evaluation functions such as power in the bucket. The spiral spectrum analysis of the coherent synthetic vortex beam not only makes up for the lack of evaluation of the spiral phase synthesis effect by the traditional evaluation function, but also has certain reference significance for understanding the nature of the coherent synthesis technique.
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Keywords:
- vortex beam /
- coherent combining /
- spiral spectrum analysis /
- evaluation function
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[6] Xiao G Z, Yang K Y, Luo H, Chen X L, Xiong W 2016 IEEE Photonics J. 8 6100108
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[7] Vaziri A, Pan J W, Jennewein T, Weihs G, Zeilinger A 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 227902
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[8] Lavery M P J, Speirits F C, Barnett S M, Padgett M J 2013 Science 341 537
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[9] Tamburini F, Anzolin G, Umbriaco G, Bianchini A, Barbieri C 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 163903
Google Scholar
[10] Allegre O J, Jin Y, Perrie W, Ouyang J, Fearon E, Edwardson S P, Dearden G 2013 Opt. Express 21 21198
Google Scholar
[11] Cheng S B, Tao S H, Zhang X Y, Ma W Z 2016 IEEE Photonics J. 8 6100407
Google Scholar
[12] Tao S H, Yu W X 2015 Opt. Express 23 1052
Google Scholar
[13] Zhu K C, Li S X, Tang Y, Yu Y, Tang H Q 2012 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 29 251
Google Scholar
[14] 齐晓庆, 高春清, 刘义东 2010 物理学报 59 264
Google Scholar
Qi X Q, Gao C Q, Liu Y D 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 264
Google Scholar
[15] Algorri J F, Urruchi V, Garcia-Camara B, Sanchez-Pena J M 2014 IEEE Electron Device Lett. 35 856
Google Scholar
[16] Kumar A, Vaity P, Bhatt J, Singh R P 2013 J. Mod. Opt. 60 1696
Google Scholar
[17] Brzobohaty O, Cizmar T, Zemanek P 2008 Opt. Express 16 12688
Google Scholar
[18] 朱开成, 唐慧琴, 郑小娟, 唐英 2014 物理学报 63 104210
Google Scholar
Zhu K C, Tang H Q, Zheng X J, Tang Y 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 104210
Google Scholar
[19] Yu T, Xia H, Fan Z H, Xie W K, Zhang P, Liu J S, Chen X, Chu X X 2019 Opt. Commun. 436 14
Google Scholar
[20] Xie W K, Zhang P, Wang H, Chu X X 2018 Opt. Commun. 427 288
Google Scholar
[21] Fu Y Q, Feng G Y, Zhang D Y, Chen J G, Zhou S H 2010 Optik 121 452
Google Scholar
[22] Xiong W, Xiao G Z, Han X, Zhou J H, Chen X L, Luo H 2017 Opt. Express 25 9449
Google Scholar
[23] Ishaaya A A, Eckhouse V, Shimshi L, Davidson N, Friesem A A 2005 Opt. Express 13 2722
Google Scholar
[24] 于涛, 夏辉, 樊志华, 谢文科, 张盼, 刘俊圣, 陈欣 2018 物理学报 67 134203
Google Scholar
Yu T, Xia H, Fan Z H, Xie W K, Zhang P, Liu J S, Chen X 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 134203
Google Scholar
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图 1 M = 12, n = 2, R = 1.2 mm, w0 = 0.24 mm时的高斯光束阵列 (a)源平面空间分布; (b)源平面相位分布; (c)传输 2 m后合成涡旋光束强度分布; (d)传输2 m后合成涡旋光束相位分布; (e)标准2阶BG涡旋光束强度分布; (f)标准2阶BG涡旋光束相位分布
Figure 1. Gaussian beam array with M = 12, n = 2, R = 1.2 mm, w0 = 0.24 mm: (a) Source plane spatial distribution; (b) source plane phase distribution; (c) light field distribution of synthetic vortex beam after 2 m transmission; (d) phase distribution of synthetic vortex beam after 2 m transmission; (e) light field distribution of standard 2nd order BG vortex beam; (f) phase distribution of standard 2nd order BG vortex beam.
图 2 z = 10 m处相干合成涡旋光束的(a)强度分布和(b)光束相位分布; 螺旋谐波重建的(c)强度分布和(d)相位分布
Figure 2. Target plane at z = 10 m: (a) Light field distribution of coherent synthetic vortex beam; (b) phase distribution of coherent synthetic vortex beam; (c) light field distribution of spiral harmonic reconstruction light field; (d) phase distribution of spiral harmonic reconstruction light field.
图 3 相干合成涡旋光束螺旋谱分布及大小(其中n = 1, z = 10 m, w0 = 0.2 mm, R = 2.1 mm) (a) M = 8; (b) M = 12; (c) M = 16
Figure 3. Coherent synthetic vortex beam spiral spectrum distribution and size (n = 1, z = 10 m, w0 = 0.2 mm, R = 2.1 mm): (a) M = 8; (b) M = 12; (c) M = 16.
图 4 相干合成BG涡旋光束(n = 1, z = 10 m, w0 = 0.2 mm, R = 2.1 mm) (a) M = 8时强度分布; (b) M = 16时强度分布; (c) M = 8时相位分布; (d) M = 16时相位分布; (e) M = 8时螺旋谱分布; (f) M = 16时螺旋谱分布
Figure 4. Coherently synthesized BG vortex beam (n = 1, z = 10 m, w0 = 0.2 mm, R = 2.1 mm): (a) M = 8, light intensity distribution; (b) M =16, light intensity distribution; (c) M = 8, phase distribution; (d) M = 16, phase distribution; (e) M = 8, spiral distribution; (f) M = 16, spiral distribution.
图 5 不同阶合成涡旋光束拓扑荷模式纯度Pl随子光束数量M的变化趋势(w0 = 0.2 mm, R = 2.1 mm, z = 10 m)
Figure 5. Variation trend of the spectral purity Pl of the different order synthetic vortex beams with the number of sub-beams M (w0 = 0.2 mm, R = 2.1 mm, z = 10 m).
图 6 相干合成BG涡旋光束(n = 1, z = 10 m, M = 12, R = 2.1 mm) (a) w0 = 0.15 mm时强度分布; (b) w0 = 0.3 mm时强度分布; (c) w0 = 0.15 mm时相位分布; (d) w0 = 0.3 mm时相位分布; (e) w0 = 0.15 mm时螺旋谱分布; (f) w0 = 0.3 mm时螺旋谱分布
Figure 6. Coherently synthesized BG vortex beam (n = 1, z = 10 m, M = 12, R = 2.1 mm): (a) w0 = 0.15 mm, light intensity distribution; (b) w0 = 0.3 mm, light intensity distribution; (c) w0 = 0.15 mm, phase distribution; (d) w0 = 0.3 mm, phase distribution; (e) w0 = 0.15 mm, spiral distribution; (f) w0 = 0.3 mm, spiral distribution.
图 7 不同阶合成涡旋光束拓扑荷模式纯度Pl随子光束束腰半径w0的变化(M = 12, R = 2.1 mm, z = 10 m)
Figure 7. Variation trend of the spectral purity Pl of the different order synthetic vortex beams with sub beam waist radius w0 (M = 12, R = 2.1 mm, z = 10 m).
图 8 相干合成BG涡旋光束(n = 1, z = 10 m, M = 12, w0 = 0.2 mm) (a) R = 1 mm时强度分布; (b) R = 2.2 mm时强度分布; (c) R = 1 mm时相位分布; (d) R = 2.2 mm时相位分布; (e) R = 1 mm时螺旋谱分布; (f) R = 2.2 mm时螺旋谱分布
Figure 8. Coherently synthesized BG vortex beam (n = 1, z = 10 m, M = 12, w0 = 0.2 mm): (a) R = 1 mm, light intensity distribution; (b) R = 2.2 mm, light intensity distribution; (c) R = 1 mm, phase distribution; (d) R = 2.2 mm, phase distribution; (e) R = 1 mm, spiral distribution; (f) R = 2.2 mm, spiral distribution.
图 9 不同阶合成涡旋光束拓扑荷模式纯度Pl随组束环半径R的变化(M = 12, w0 = 0.2 mm, z = 10 m)
Figure 9. Variation trend of the spectral purity Pl of the different order synthetic vortex beams with beam ring radius R (M = 12, w0 = 0.2 mm, z = 10 m).
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[1] Liu P S, Yang H J, Rong J, Wang G, Yan Y M 2010 Opt. Laser Technol. 42 99
Google Scholar
[2] Wang J, Yang J Y, Fazal I M, Ahmed N, Yan Y, Huang H, Ren Y X, Yue Y, Dolinar S, Tur M, Willner A E 2012 Nat. Photonics 6 488
Google Scholar
[3] Zhu J, Zhu K C, Tang H Q, Xia H 2017 J. Mod. Opt. 64 1915
[4] Cheng S B, Tao S H 2016 J. Optics-Uk 18 105603
Google Scholar
[5] Cheng S B, Tao S H, Zhou C H, Wu L 2015 J. Optics-Uk 17 105613
Google Scholar
[6] Xiao G Z, Yang K Y, Luo H, Chen X L, Xiong W 2016 IEEE Photonics J. 8 6100108
Google Scholar
[7] Vaziri A, Pan J W, Jennewein T, Weihs G, Zeilinger A 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 227902
Google Scholar
[8] Lavery M P J, Speirits F C, Barnett S M, Padgett M J 2013 Science 341 537
Google Scholar
[9] Tamburini F, Anzolin G, Umbriaco G, Bianchini A, Barbieri C 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 163903
Google Scholar
[10] Allegre O J, Jin Y, Perrie W, Ouyang J, Fearon E, Edwardson S P, Dearden G 2013 Opt. Express 21 21198
Google Scholar
[11] Cheng S B, Tao S H, Zhang X Y, Ma W Z 2016 IEEE Photonics J. 8 6100407
Google Scholar
[12] Tao S H, Yu W X 2015 Opt. Express 23 1052
Google Scholar
[13] Zhu K C, Li S X, Tang Y, Yu Y, Tang H Q 2012 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 29 251
Google Scholar
[14] 齐晓庆, 高春清, 刘义东 2010 物理学报 59 264
Google Scholar
Qi X Q, Gao C Q, Liu Y D 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 264
Google Scholar
[15] Algorri J F, Urruchi V, Garcia-Camara B, Sanchez-Pena J M 2014 IEEE Electron Device Lett. 35 856
Google Scholar
[16] Kumar A, Vaity P, Bhatt J, Singh R P 2013 J. Mod. Opt. 60 1696
Google Scholar
[17] Brzobohaty O, Cizmar T, Zemanek P 2008 Opt. Express 16 12688
Google Scholar
[18] 朱开成, 唐慧琴, 郑小娟, 唐英 2014 物理学报 63 104210
Google Scholar
Zhu K C, Tang H Q, Zheng X J, Tang Y 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 104210
Google Scholar
[19] Yu T, Xia H, Fan Z H, Xie W K, Zhang P, Liu J S, Chen X, Chu X X 2019 Opt. Commun. 436 14
Google Scholar
[20] Xie W K, Zhang P, Wang H, Chu X X 2018 Opt. Commun. 427 288
Google Scholar
[21] Fu Y Q, Feng G Y, Zhang D Y, Chen J G, Zhou S H 2010 Optik 121 452
Google Scholar
[22] Xiong W, Xiao G Z, Han X, Zhou J H, Chen X L, Luo H 2017 Opt. Express 25 9449
Google Scholar
[23] Ishaaya A A, Eckhouse V, Shimshi L, Davidson N, Friesem A A 2005 Opt. Express 13 2722
Google Scholar
[24] 于涛, 夏辉, 樊志华, 谢文科, 张盼, 刘俊圣, 陈欣 2018 物理学报 67 134203
Google Scholar
Yu T, Xia H, Fan Z H, Xie W K, Zhang P, Liu J S, Chen X 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 134203
Google Scholar
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