Near infrared characteristics of air plasma induced by nanosecond laser

Wang Xing-Sheng; Ma Yan-Ming; Gao Xun; Lin Jing-Quan

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20190753

Abstract

The near infrared emission from laser induced air plasma has been investigated in a range of 1100–2400 nm. The infrared spectra of air plasma consist of linear spectral and continuum radiation. Most of the spectral features observed are identified, including atomic lines of O I and N I and molecular bands of N₂. The spectra show trace of blackbody background emission and the plasma temperature is estimated from Planck law. We find that the continuum radiation is mainly origins mainly from the blackbody emission of plasma. There is a limitation of plasma temperature estimation by using Boltzmann method. For example, the local thermodynamic equilibrium must be satisfied, and the trend of change in plasma temperature can be estimated within a few microseconds after the laser shot. In this paper, the plasma temperature in 15 μs after laser irradiation is estimated from the Planck law, and the temperature of air plasma is estimated to be about 3900 K, which can compensate for the shortcomings of Boltzmann method. It is found that the neutral atomic spectra of N and O both may contribute to the radiation of the air plasma at 1128 nm. Then we keep the air pressure in the vacuum chamber at 80 kPa, and change the nitrogen and oxygen content in the chamber. The infrared spectrum data show that the oxygen content in the mixed gas only affect the radiation of 1128 nm wavelength. The binary linear regression analysis shows that oxygen contributes much to the radiation of 1128 nm wavelength. This can be explained by the difference in ionization potential between molecule O₂ and N₂. The infrared radiation intensities of the air plasma at 1128 nm under 20−80 kPa are obtained, and they are compared with the calculated results obtained with the fitting formula. The predicted value is very close to the experimental value and the relative error is negligibly at the pressure of 30−80 kPa. The study of the characteristics of infrared emission from laser induced plasma is of great significance for understanding and using the physical mechanisms of laser-matter interaction.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

School of Science, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China

Corresponding author: Gao Xun, lasercust@163.com ; Lin Jing-Quan, linjingquan@cust.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61575030), the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin, China (Grant No. 20180101283JC), the Department of Education of Jilin, China (Grant No. JJKH20190539KJ), and Funds from Changchun University of Science and Technology, China (Grant No. XJJLG-2017-10)

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References

[1]	Murnane M M, Kapteyn H C, Rosen M D, Falcone R W 1991 Science 251 531 Google Scholar
[2]	Knudtson J T, Green W B, Sutton D G 1987 J. Appl. Phys. 61 4771 Google Scholar
[3]	Civis S, Ferus M, Kubelík P, Jelinek P, Chernov V E 2012 Astron. Astrophys. 541 A125 Google Scholar
[4]	Zhong H, Karpowicz N, Zhang X C 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 261103 Google Scholar
[5]	Aspiotis J A, Barbieri N, Bernath R, Brown C G, Richardson M, Cooper B Y 2006 Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 6219 621908
[6]	Forestier B, Houard A, Durand M, Andre Y B, Prade B, Dauvignac J Y, Perret F, Pichot C, Pellet M, Mysyrowicz A 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 141111 Google Scholar
[7]	Wu B, Kumar A 2007 J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B: Microelectron. Nanometer Struct. 25 1743 Google Scholar
[8]	Rusak D A, Castle B C, Smith B W, Winefordner J D 1997 Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 27 257 Google Scholar
[9]	张立文, 林晨, 辛立, 高军毅 2008 强激光与粒子束 20 1603 Zhang L W, Chen L, Li X, Gao J Y 2008 High Power Laser Part. Beams 20 1603
[10]	Thomson M D, Kreß M, Loffler T, Roskos H G 2007 Laser Photonics Rev. 1 349 Google Scholar
[11]	Nakajima H, Shimada Y, Somekawa T, Fujita M, Tanaka K A 2009 IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 6 718 Google Scholar
[12]	Giacconi R 2003 Rev. Mod. Phys. 75 995 Google Scholar
[13]	Brackett F S 1922 Astrophys. J. 56 154 Google Scholar
[14]	Pfund A H 1924 J. Opt. Soc. Am. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 9 193 Google Scholar
[15]	Steffey W W 1926 IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. 21 55
[16]	Meggers W F, De- Bruin T L, Humphreys C J 1929 Science 69 406
[17]	Saum K A, Benesch W M 1970 Appl. Opt. 9 1419 Google Scholar
[18]	Saum K A, Benesch W M 1970 Appl. Opt. 9 195 Google Scholar
[19]	Tanaka H, Akinaga K, Takahashi A, Okada T 2004 Appl. Phys. A 79 1493 Google Scholar
[20]	Adamson A W, Cimolino M C 1984 J. Phys. Chem. B 88 488 Google Scholar
[21]	El-RabiiH, Victorov S B, Yalin A P 2009 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42 075203 Google Scholar
[22]	Harilal S S, Skrodzki P J, Miloshevsky A, Brumfield B E, Phillips M C, Miloshevsky G 2017 Phys. Plasmas 24 063304 Google Scholar
[23]	Radziemski L J, Cremers D A, Bostian M, Chinni R C, Navarro-northrup C 2007 Appl. Spectrosc. 61 1141 Google Scholar
[24]	Lofthus A, Krupenie P H 2009 J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 6 113
[25]	Smith D, Adams N G, Miller T M 1978 J. Chem. Phys. 69 308318
[26]	Shneider M N, Zheltikovs A M, Miles R B 2011 Phys. Plasmas. 18 063509 Google Scholar

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图 1 纳秒激光诱导空气等离子体近红外辐射实验装置

Figure 1. Experiment setup for the near infrared emissions from ns laser-induced air plasma.

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图 2 不同能量下激光诱导空气等离子体在激光作用15 μs后测到的红外辐射光谱

Figure 2. IR emissions of laser-induced air plasma varied with laser energy after 15 μs delay time.

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图 3 80 kPa气压下激光诱导空气和氮气等离子体红外辐射光谱

Figure 3. IR emissions of laser-induced air and N₂ plasma under 80 kPa.

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图 4 O₂和N₂气体不同压强比的激光诱导等离子体红外辐射光谱

Figure 4. IR emissions of laser-induced plasma of mixed gas with different pressure.

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图 5 二元线性回归分析结果

Figure 5. The fitting result of binary linear regression analysis.

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表 1 氮原子和氧原子的红外光谱指认

Table 1. Identification of the observed emission lines of NI and OI

Species	λ/nm	A_ki/s^–1	Lower state		Upper state
Species	λ/nm	A_ki/s^–1	Term symbol	J	Term symbol	J
O I	1128.6317	2.32 × 10⁷	2s²2p³(⁴S⁰)3p ³P	1	2s²2p³(⁴S⁰)3d ³D°	2
O I	1128.6406	1.29 × 10⁷	2s²2p³(⁴S⁰)3p ³P	1	2s²2p³(⁴S⁰)3d ³D°	1
O I	1128.6914	3.09 × 10⁷	2s²2p³(⁴S⁰)3p ³P	2	2s²2p³(⁴S⁰)3d ³D°	3
O I	1128.7029	7.74 × 10⁶	2s²2p³(⁴S⁰)3p ³P	2	2s²2p³(⁴S⁰)3d ³D°	2
O I	1128.7318	1.72 × 10⁷	2s²2p³(⁴S⁰)3p ³P	0	2s²2p³(⁴S⁰)3d ³D°	1
O I	1129.5103	5.34 × 10⁶	2s²2p³(⁴S⁰)3p ⁵P	1	2s²2p³(⁴S⁰)4s ⁵S°	2
O I	1129.7682	8.90 × 10⁶	2s²2p³(⁴S⁰)3p ⁵P	2	2s²2p³(⁴S⁰)4s ⁵S°	2
O I	1130.2378	1.25 × 10⁷	2s²2p³(⁴S⁰)3p ⁵P	3	2s²2p³(⁴S⁰)3d ⁵S°	2
N I	1129.167	1.20 × 10⁷	2s²2p²(³P)3p ⁴D°	7/2	2s²2p²(³P)4s ⁴P	5/2
N I	1131.389	1.00 × 10⁷	2s²2p²(³P)3p ⁴D°	5/2	2s²2p²(³P)4s ⁴P	3/2
N I	1132.318	8.19 × 10⁶	2s²2p²(³P)3p ⁴D°	3/2	2s²2p²(³P)4s ⁴P	1/2
N I	1246.1253	1.82 × 10⁷	2s²2p²(³P)3p ²D°	3/2	2s²2p²(³P)3d ²F	5/2
N I	1246.9615	2.18 × 10⁷	2s²2p²(³P)3p ²D°	5/2	2s²2p²(³P)3d ²F	7/2
N I	1358.1323	5.76 × 10⁶	2s²2p²(³P)3 s ²P	3/2	2s²2p²(³P)3p ²S°	1/2
N I	1358.7710	6.31 × 10⁶	2s²2p²(³P)3p ²D°	5/2	2s²2p²(³P)4s ²P	3/2
N I	1360.227	1.07 × 10⁷	2s²2p²(³P)3p ²P°	1/2	2s²2p²(³P)3d ²D	3/2
N I	1362.418	1.33 × 10⁷	2s²2p²(³P)3p ²P°	3/2	2s²2p²(³P)3d ²D	5/2
N I	1475.7073	1.06 × 10⁶	2s²2p⁴ ⁴P	5/2	2s²2p²(³P)3p ⁴D°	7/2
N I	1558.2287	6.5 × 10⁶	2s²2p²(³P)3p ²P°	3/2	2s²2p²(³P)4s ²P	3/2

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表 2 波长1128 nm红外光谱强度拟合公式预测值与实验值对比

Table 2. Comparison between predicted value and experimental value of the intensity of 1128 nm.

气体	气压/kPa	预测值	实验值	相对误差/%
Air	80	169842	166903	1.76
	70	148612	153136	2.95
	60	127382	140317	9.21
	50	106151	117673	9.79
	40	84921	88516	4.06
	30	63691	56575	12.56
	20	42460	27964	51.80

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[1]	Murnane M M, Kapteyn H C, Rosen M D, Falcone R W 1991 Science 251 531 Google Scholar
[2]	Knudtson J T, Green W B, Sutton D G 1987 J. Appl. Phys. 61 4771 Google Scholar
[3]	Civis S, Ferus M, Kubelík P, Jelinek P, Chernov V E 2012 Astron. Astrophys. 541 A125 Google Scholar
[4]	Zhong H, Karpowicz N, Zhang X C 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 261103 Google Scholar
[5]	Aspiotis J A, Barbieri N, Bernath R, Brown C G, Richardson M, Cooper B Y 2006 Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 6219 621908
[6]	Forestier B, Houard A, Durand M, Andre Y B, Prade B, Dauvignac J Y, Perret F, Pichot C, Pellet M, Mysyrowicz A 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 141111 Google Scholar
[7]	Wu B, Kumar A 2007 J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B: Microelectron. Nanometer Struct. 25 1743 Google Scholar
[8]	Rusak D A, Castle B C, Smith B W, Winefordner J D 1997 Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 27 257 Google Scholar
[9]	张立文, 林晨, 辛立, 高军毅 2008 强激光与粒子束 20 1603 Zhang L W, Chen L, Li X, Gao J Y 2008 High Power Laser Part. Beams 20 1603
[10]	Thomson M D, Kreß M, Loffler T, Roskos H G 2007 Laser Photonics Rev. 1 349 Google Scholar
[11]	Nakajima H, Shimada Y, Somekawa T, Fujita M, Tanaka K A 2009 IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 6 718 Google Scholar
[12]	Giacconi R 2003 Rev. Mod. Phys. 75 995 Google Scholar
[13]	Brackett F S 1922 Astrophys. J. 56 154 Google Scholar
[14]	Pfund A H 1924 J. Opt. Soc. Am. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 9 193 Google Scholar
[15]	Steffey W W 1926 IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. 21 55
[16]	Meggers W F, De- Bruin T L, Humphreys C J 1929 Science 69 406
[17]	Saum K A, Benesch W M 1970 Appl. Opt. 9 1419 Google Scholar
[18]	Saum K A, Benesch W M 1970 Appl. Opt. 9 195 Google Scholar
[19]	Tanaka H, Akinaga K, Takahashi A, Okada T 2004 Appl. Phys. A 79 1493 Google Scholar
[20]	Adamson A W, Cimolino M C 1984 J. Phys. Chem. B 88 488 Google Scholar
[21]	El-RabiiH, Victorov S B, Yalin A P 2009 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42 075203 Google Scholar
[22]	Harilal S S, Skrodzki P J, Miloshevsky A, Brumfield B E, Phillips M C, Miloshevsky G 2017 Phys. Plasmas 24 063304 Google Scholar
[23]	Radziemski L J, Cremers D A, Bostian M, Chinni R C, Navarro-northrup C 2007 Appl. Spectrosc. 61 1141 Google Scholar
[24]	Lofthus A, Krupenie P H 2009 J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 6 113
[25]	Smith D, Adams N G, Miller T M 1978 J. Chem. Phys. 69 308318
[26]	Shneider M N, Zheltikovs A M, Miles R B 2011 Phys. Plasmas. 18 063509 Google Scholar

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