Angular distribution of L characteristic X-ray emission from Au target impacted by photons

Liu Yu; Xu Zhong-Feng; Wang Xing; Hu Peng-Fei; Zhang Xiao-An

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20191977

Abstract

The vacancy can be produced through impact ionization of target atom by energetic particles. It is of significant importance to study the vacancy state by the measurement of angular distribution of typical X-rays. At present, accurate ionization cross-section data of the atomic inner shell are urgently required in many areas. However, the precise measurement of ionization cross-section of the atomic inner shell is largely dependent on the fact that whether the characteristic radiation (e.g., X-ray) is isotropic. In this experiment, the characteristic L_ι, L_α, L_β and L_γ1 X-rays for Au target are measured by a silicon drift detector in an emission angle range from 130° to 170° in steps of 10°. A mini-X ray source is utilized to produce bremsstrahlung with the center energy of 13.1 keV.Considering detection efficiency of the detector and the absorption of the target, relative intensity ratios, I(L_α)/I(L_γ1) and I(L_ι)/I(L_γ1), are obtained at different detection angles based on the experimental energy spectrum results. Moreover, the angular dependence of X-ray intensity ratio is investigated and it is found that the X-rays L_ι and L_α exhibit anisotropic emission.According to the X-ray intensity ratio I(L_ι)/I(L_γ1) and the P₂(cosθ), and using the least square method, the anisotropic parameter β of characteristic X-ray L_ι is derived to be 0.25. Due to the relation β = ακA₂₀, the value of the alignment degree A₂₀ for L₃ sub-shell is determined to be 0.577 ± 0.08. Alignment degree A₂₀ for L₃ sub-shell is dependent on its intrinsic physical properties, while the anisotropy parameter β of typical X-rays can be affected by Coster-Kronig transition process.The behavior of the alignment for inner-shell vacancy states calls for more research results both in theory and in experiment. Therefore, it is quite relevant and meaningful to perform more experiments to further study the angular distribution of vacancy states by electrons, photons and ions impacting a target.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Ion Beam and Optical Physical Laboratory of Xianyang Normal University and Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xianyang 712000, China
2.
School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

Corresponding author: Liu Yu, liuyuxianyang0625@126.com

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References

[1]	杨蒙生, 易泰民, 郑凤成, 唐永建, 张林, 杜凯, 李宁, 赵利平, 柯博, 邢丕峰 2018 物理学报 67 027301 Google Scholar Yang M S, Yi T M, Zheng F C, Tang Y J, Zhang L, Du K, Li N, Zhao L P, Ke B, Xing P F 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 027301 Google Scholar
[2]	曾雄辉, 赵广军, 徐军 2004 物理学报 53 1935 Google Scholar Zeng X H, Zhao G J, Xu J 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 1935 Google Scholar
[3]	Nishimura F, Kim J, Yonezawa S, Takashima M 2014 J. Flu. Chem. 160 52 Google Scholar
[4]	戚俊成, 刘宾, 陈荣昌, 夏正德, 肖体乔 2019 物理学报 68 024202 Google Scholar Qi J C, Liu B, Chen R C, Xia Z D, Xiao T Q 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 024202 Google Scholar
[5]	王琛, 安红海, 方智恒, 熊俊, 王伟, 孙今人 2018 物理学报 67 015203 Google Scholar Wang C, An H H, Fang Z H, Xiong J, Wang W, Sun J R 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 015203 Google Scholar
[6]	张天奎, 于明海, 董克攻, 吴玉迟, 杨靖, 陈佳, 卢峰, 李纲, 朱斌, 谭放, 王少义, 闫永宏, 谷渝秋 2017 物理学报 66 245201 Google Scholar Zhang T K, Yu M H, Dong K G, Wu Y C, Yang J, Chen J, Lu F, Li G, Zhu B, Tan F, Wang S Y, Yan Y H, Gu Y Q 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 245201 Google Scholar
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[9]	Raza H S, Kim H J, Ha J M, Cho S O 2013 Appl. Radiat. Isot. 80 67 Google Scholar
[10]	Bansal H, Kaur G, Tiwari M K, Mittal R 2016 Eur. Phys. J. D 70 84 Google Scholar
[11]	Salem S, Stöhlker T, Brauning-Demian A, Hagmann S, Kozhuharov C, Liesen D 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 012701 Google Scholar
[12]	Özdemir Y, Durak R, Kacal M R, Kurudirek M 2011 Appl. Radiat. Isot. 69 991 Google Scholar
[13]	Han I, Demir L 2011 J. X-Ray Sci. Technol. 19 13 Google Scholar
[14]	Demir L, Şahin M, Söğűt Ö, Şahin Y 2000 Radiat. Phys. Chem. 59 355 Google Scholar
[15]	Cooper J, Zare N 1969 Atomic Collision Processes (New York: Gordon & Breach) pp317−337
[16]	Kumar A, Agnihotri A N, Chatterjee S, Kasthurirangan S, Misra D, Choudhury R K, Sarkadi L, Tribedi L C 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 062709 Google Scholar
[17]	Alrakabi M, Kumar S, Sharma V, Singh G, Mehta D 2013 Eur. Phys. J. D 67 99 Google Scholar
[18]	Tartari A, Baraldi C, Casnati E, Da Re A, Jorge E F, Taioli S 2003 J. Phys. B 36 843 Google Scholar
[19]	Kumar A, Puri S, MehtaD, Garg M L, Singh N 1999 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32 3701 Google Scholar
[20]	Kumar A, Puri S, Shahi J S, Garg M L, Mehta D, Singh N 2001 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34 613 Google Scholar
[21]	Gonzales D, Requena S, Williams S 2012 Appl. Radiat. Isot. 70 301 Google Scholar
[22]	Berezhko E G, Kabachnik N M 1977 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 10 2467 Google Scholar
[23]	Yalçın P, Porikli S, Kurucu Y, Şahin Y 2008 Phys. Lett. B 663 186 Google Scholar
[24]	Storm L, Israel H I 1970 At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 7 565 Google Scholar
[25]	Bambynek W, Crasemann B, Fink R W, Freund H U, Mark H, Swift C D, Price R E, Rao P V 1972 Rev. Mod. Phys. 44 716 Google Scholar
[26]	Scofield J H 1973 Theoretical Photoionization Cross-sections from 1 to 1500 keV (Livermore, CA: Lawrence Livermore Laboratory) Report No. UCRL-51326

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图 1 实验装置示意图

Figure 1. Experimental setup.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 探测角度为140°时、中心能量为13.1 keV轫致辐射入射Au靶产生L系特征X射线能谱图

Figure 2. Fitted L X-ray spectrum of Au induced by impact with bremsstrahlung with central energy of 13.1 keV and measured at the emission angle of 140°.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 Au 靶特征X射线强度比I(L_α)/I(L_γ₁)和I(L_ι)/I(L_γ₁)与P₂(cosθ)的关系

Figure 3. Intensity ratios of I(L_α)/I(L_γ₁) and I(L_ι)/I(L_γ₁) as a function of P₂(cosθ) for Au.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 Au元素的L支壳层CK跃迁概率f_ij数据^[25]

Table 1. L-subshell CK yields f_ij for Au^[25].

f₁₂	f₁₃	f₂₃
0.083	0.644	0.132

DownLoad: CSV

表 2 不同入射能量下L支壳层电离截面^[26]及CK跃迁矫正因子κ值

Table 2. Ionization cross-sections (in barn) for L subshells^[26] and CK correction factor κ at different energies.

E/keV	σ_L₁	σ_L₂	σ_L₃	κ
1.9	0	0	0	0
12	0	0	3.5629 × 10⁴	1
13.76	0	0	2.4493 × 10⁴	1
13.8	0	1.5567 × 10⁴	2.3987 × 10⁴	0.92
14.3	0	1.4574 × 10⁴	2.2035 × 10⁴	0.91
14.4	7.8361 × 10³	1.4237 × 10³	2.1575 × 10⁴	0.80
15	7.4098 × 10³	1.2777 × 10⁴	1.9496 × 10⁴	0.75
20	4.4219 × 10³	6.1227 × 10³	8.5173 × 10³	0.7
30	1.993 × 10³	1.9923 × 10³	2.5531 × 10³	0.62

DownLoad: CSV

[1]	杨蒙生, 易泰民, 郑凤成, 唐永建, 张林, 杜凯, 李宁, 赵利平, 柯博, 邢丕峰 2018 物理学报 67 027301 Google Scholar Yang M S, Yi T M, Zheng F C, Tang Y J, Zhang L, Du K, Li N, Zhao L P, Ke B, Xing P F 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 027301 Google Scholar
[2]	曾雄辉, 赵广军, 徐军 2004 物理学报 53 1935 Google Scholar Zeng X H, Zhao G J, Xu J 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 1935 Google Scholar
[3]	Nishimura F, Kim J, Yonezawa S, Takashima M 2014 J. Flu. Chem. 160 52 Google Scholar
[4]	戚俊成, 刘宾, 陈荣昌, 夏正德, 肖体乔 2019 物理学报 68 024202 Google Scholar Qi J C, Liu B, Chen R C, Xia Z D, Xiao T Q 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 024202 Google Scholar
[5]	王琛, 安红海, 方智恒, 熊俊, 王伟, 孙今人 2018 物理学报 67 015203 Google Scholar Wang C, An H H, Fang Z H, Xiong J, Wang W, Sun J R 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 015203 Google Scholar
[6]	张天奎, 于明海, 董克攻, 吴玉迟, 杨靖, 陈佳, 卢峰, 李纲, 朱斌, 谭放, 王少义, 闫永宏, 谷渝秋 2017 物理学报 66 245201 Google Scholar Zhang T K, Yu M H, Dong K G, Wu Y C, Yang J, Chen J, Lu F, Li G, Zhu B, Tan F, Wang S Y, Yan Y H, Gu Y Q 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 245201 Google Scholar
[7]	Flügge S, Mehlhorn M, Schmidt V 1972 Phys. Rev. Lett. 29 7 Google Scholar
[8]	Berezhko E G, Kabachnik N M, Rostovsky V S 1978 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 11 1749 Google Scholar
[9]	Raza H S, Kim H J, Ha J M, Cho S O 2013 Appl. Radiat. Isot. 80 67 Google Scholar
[10]	Bansal H, Kaur G, Tiwari M K, Mittal R 2016 Eur. Phys. J. D 70 84 Google Scholar
[11]	Salem S, Stöhlker T, Brauning-Demian A, Hagmann S, Kozhuharov C, Liesen D 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 012701 Google Scholar
[12]	Özdemir Y, Durak R, Kacal M R, Kurudirek M 2011 Appl. Radiat. Isot. 69 991 Google Scholar
[13]	Han I, Demir L 2011 J. X-Ray Sci. Technol. 19 13 Google Scholar
[14]	Demir L, Şahin M, Söğűt Ö, Şahin Y 2000 Radiat. Phys. Chem. 59 355 Google Scholar
[15]	Cooper J, Zare N 1969 Atomic Collision Processes (New York: Gordon & Breach) pp317−337
[16]	Kumar A, Agnihotri A N, Chatterjee S, Kasthurirangan S, Misra D, Choudhury R K, Sarkadi L, Tribedi L C 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 062709 Google Scholar
[17]	Alrakabi M, Kumar S, Sharma V, Singh G, Mehta D 2013 Eur. Phys. J. D 67 99 Google Scholar
[18]	Tartari A, Baraldi C, Casnati E, Da Re A, Jorge E F, Taioli S 2003 J. Phys. B 36 843 Google Scholar
[19]	Kumar A, Puri S, MehtaD, Garg M L, Singh N 1999 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32 3701 Google Scholar
[20]	Kumar A, Puri S, Shahi J S, Garg M L, Mehta D, Singh N 2001 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34 613 Google Scholar
[21]	Gonzales D, Requena S, Williams S 2012 Appl. Radiat. Isot. 70 301 Google Scholar
[22]	Berezhko E G, Kabachnik N M 1977 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 10 2467 Google Scholar
[23]	Yalçın P, Porikli S, Kurucu Y, Şahin Y 2008 Phys. Lett. B 663 186 Google Scholar
[24]	Storm L, Israel H I 1970 At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 7 565 Google Scholar
[25]	Bambynek W, Crasemann B, Fink R W, Freund H U, Mark H, Swift C D, Price R E, Rao P V 1972 Rev. Mod. Phys. 44 716 Google Scholar
[26]	Scofield J H 1973 Theoretical Photoionization Cross-sections from 1 to 1500 keV (Livermore, CA: Lawrence Livermore Laboratory) Report No. UCRL-51326

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