Terahertz spectroscopic characterization of spin mode and crystal-field transition in high-throughput grown <inline-formula><tex-math id="Z-20201027023844-1">\begin{document}$ {\bf Sm}_{ x}{\bf Pr}_{ 1– x}{\bf FeO_3} $\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="20-20200732_Z-20201027023844-1.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="20-20200732_Z-20201027023844-1.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula> crystals

Fang Yu-Qing; Jin Zuan-Ming; Chen Hai-Yang; Ruan Shun-Yi; Li Ju-Geng; Cao Shi-Xun; Peng Yan; Ma Guo-Hong; Zhu Yi-Ming

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200732

Abstract

Terahertz (THz) transient has become an effective method to study the optical and electronic spin characteristics of the rare earth orthoferrites RFeO₃. High-throughput grown crystal sample is sliced at different locations, then the continuously tunable rare earth elements co-doped single crystal Sm_xPr_1–xFeO₃ is studied with antiferromagnetic spin mode (qAFM) and crystal field transitions of rare earth ions under zero magnetic fields. Using THz time-domain spectroscopy, the qAFM resonance frequencies of Sm_0.2Pr_0.8FeO₃ and Sm_0.4Pr_0.6FeO₃ single crystals are located on the connection line of the qAFM frequencies of PrFeO₃ (0.57 THz) and SmFeO₃ (0.42 THz), therefore the frequency of qAFM increases linearly with doping concentration of Sm³⁺ ion increasing. The Sm_0.4Pr_0.6FeO₃ crystal undergoes a temperature-induced spin reorientation phase transition at about 160 K. When the crystal temperature is lower than 80 K, a wide band absorption peak of about 0.5 THz appears in the absorption spectrum of Sm_0.2Pr_0.8FeO₃ due to the crystal field effect. Our results show that THz spectral data not only allow us to monitor the quality of rare earth orthoferrite crystals prepared by high throughput and analyze the rare earth elements of the sample, but also improve the ability to analyze the physical properties of the co-doped RFeO₃.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, and Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System (Ministry of Education), Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Cooperative Innovation Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
2.
Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
3.
STU & SIOM Joint Laboratory for Superintense Lasers and the Applications, Shanghai 201210, China
4.
Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

Corresponding author: Jin Zuan-Ming, physics_jzm@usst.edu.cn ; Ma Guo-Hong, ghma@staff.shu.edu.cn ; Zhu Yi-Ming, ymzhu@usst.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61975110, 11674213, 61735010, 11604202), the 111 Project (Grant No. D18014), the International Joint Lab Program of the Science and Technology Commission Shanghai Municipality, China (Grant No. 17590750300), the Key Project of the Science and Technology Commission Shanghai Municipality, China (Grant No. YDZX20193100004960), the Shanghai Rising-Star Program of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, China (Grant No. 18QA1401700), the Chenguang Project of Shanghai Educational Development Foundation, China (Grant No. 16CG45), and the Young Eastern Scholar Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, China (Grant No. QD2015020)

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References

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Cited By

图 1 (a)高通量制备准连续成分单晶Sm_xPr_1–xFeO₃示意图; (b) SmFeO₃, PrFeO₃ 和Sm_0.2Pr_0.8FeO₃单晶的晶体结构图

Figure 1. (a) Experimental schematic of quasi-continuous phase formation in the high-throughput grown Sm_xPr_1–xFeO₃ (x = 0, 0.4, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0); (b) the crystallography structure of the single crystal SmFeO₃, PrFeO₃, and Sm_0.2Pr_0.8FeO₃.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 (a) THz-TDS实验装置示意图; (b) b切Sm_0.2Pr_0.8FeO₃单晶(红色); (c) Sm_0.4Pr_0.6FeO₃单晶(蓝色) 300 K时的太赫兹时域透射谱, 此时H_THz//c; 插图分别表示振荡部分(40—60 ps)的傅里叶变换光谱及其洛伦兹拟合(虚线)

Figure 2. (a) Experimental setup diagram of THz-TDS. The THz time-domain waveforms transmitted through the b-cut (b) Sm_0.2Pr_0.8FeO₃ and (c) Sm_0.4Pr_0.6FeO₃ crystal at 300 K and the insets indicate the spectrum of oscillating parts obtained by Fourier transform of the waveform, which is fitted with a Lorentzian contour (dotted line).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 室温下Sm_xPr_1–xFeO₃单晶的qAFM自旋共振频率与Sm³⁺离子含量的关系, 其中插图表示qAFM模式的振动

Figure 3. Summarized frequencies of the qAFM resonances at several Sm³⁺ ion contents at room temperature and the insets indicate the vibration of the qAFM.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 b切Sm_0.4Pr_0.6FeO₃单晶qAFM模式的共振频率和振幅随温度的关系; 插图表示Fe³⁺离子亚晶格的磁结构: 低温相(Г₂)、中间相(Г₄)、高温相(Г₂₄)

Figure 4. The frequencies and amplitudes of the qAFM resonances of b-cut Sm_0.4 Pr_0.6FeO₃ crystal. Inset shows the magnetic structure of RFeO₃ in the low-temperature(Г₂), intermediate(Г₄), and high temperature(Г₂₄)phases.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 (a) Sm_0.2Pr_0.8FeO₃单晶温度依赖的太赫兹时域谱, 为了表达更为清楚, 不同温度的时域光谱在纵轴方向做了等间距的平移; 40, 80和300 K时Sm_0.2Pr_0.8FeO₃单晶的(b)折射率和(c)吸收系数, 插图为Pr³⁺离子基态在晶体场中能级劈裂示意图

Figure 5. (a) The temperature dependent THz waveforms transmitted through the Sm_0.2Pr_0.8FeO₃ single crystal; (b) refractive indices and (c) absorption spectra of Sm_0.2Pr_0.8FeO₃ at 40, 80, and 300 K. The inset in (c) shows the energy level splitting of Pr³⁺ ion in the ground state crystal field.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Baltz V, Manchon A, Tsoi M, Moriyama T, Ono T, Tserkovnyak Y 2018 Rev. Mod. Phys. 90 015005 Google Scholar
[2]	Jungwirth T, Marti X, Wadley P, Wunderlich J 2016 Nat. Nanotech. 11 231 Google Scholar
[3]	Mikhaylovskiy R V, Hendry E, Secchi A, et al. 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8190 Google Scholar
[4]	Kurihara T, Watanabe H, Nakajima M, Karube S, Oto K, Otani Y, Suemoto T 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 107202 Google Scholar
[5]	Baierl S, Hohenleutner M, Kampfrath T, Zvezdin A K, Kimel A V, Huber R, Mikhaylovskiy R V 2016 Nat. Photon. 10 715 Google Scholar
[6]	Nova T F, Cartella A, Cantaluppi A, et al. 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 132 Google Scholar
[7]	Pierce R D, Wolfe R, Van Uitert L G 1969 J. Appl. Phys. 40 1241 Google Scholar
[8]	Jiang J, Song G, Wang D, Jin Z, Tian Z, Lin X, Han J, Ma G, Cao S, Cheng Z 2016 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 28 116002 Google Scholar
[9]	Yamaguchi K, Kurihara T, Minami Y, Nakajima M, Suemoto T 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 137204 Google Scholar
[10]	Liu X, Jin Z, Zhang S, et al. 2018 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 51 024001 Google Scholar
[11]	Li X, Bamba M, Yuan N, et al. 2018 Science 361 794 Google Scholar
[12]	Li R, Yuan N, Hu T, Feng Z, Ge J, Wang Y, Zheng H, Xing J, Gu H, Kang B, Zhang J, Ren W, Cao S 2018 AIP Adv. 8 115328 Google Scholar
[13]	Tonouchi M 2007 Nat. Photonics 1 97 Google Scholar
[14]	Ferguson B, Zhang X C 2002 Nat. Mater. 1 26 Google Scholar
[15]	Walowski J, Münzenberg M 2016 J. Appl. Phys. 120 140901 Google Scholar
[16]	Kampfrath T, Tanaka K, Nelson K A 2013 Nat. Photonics 7 680 Google Scholar
[17]	Seifert T, Jaiswal S, Martens U, et al. 2016 Nat. Photonics 10 483 Google Scholar
[18]	Huisman T J, Mikhaylovskiy R V, Costa J D, et al. 2016 Nat. Nanotechnol. 11 455 Google Scholar
[19]	Vicario C, Ruchert C, Ardana-Lamas F, Derlet P M, Tudu B, Luning J, Hauri C P 2013 Nat. Photonics 7 720 Google Scholar
[20]	Shalaby M, Vicario C, Hauri C P 2016 New J. Phys. 1 18
[21]	Bonetti S, Hoffmann M, Sher M, Chen Z, Yang S, Samant M G, Parkin S S P, Durr H A 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 8 117
[22]	Schlauderer S, Lange C, Baierl S, et al. 2019 Nature 569 7756
[23]	Kampfrath T, Sell A, Klatt G, et al. 2011 Nat. Photon. 5 31 Google Scholar
[24]	金钻明, 阮舜逸, 李炬赓, 林贤, 任伟, 曹世勋, 马国宏, 姚建铨 2019 物理学报 68 167501 Google Scholar Jin Z M, Ruan S Y, Li J G, Lin X, Ren W, Cao S X, Ma G H, Yao J Q 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 167501 Google Scholar
[25]	Yamaguchi K, Nakajima M, Suemoto T 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 237201 Google Scholar
[26]	Zhou R, Jin Z, Li G, Ma G, Cheng Z, Wang X 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 061102 Google Scholar
[27]	Jin Z, Mics Z, Ma G, Cheng Z, Bonn M, Turchinovich D 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 094422 Google Scholar
[28]	Zhang K, Xu K, Liu X, Zhang Z, Jin Z, Lin X, Li B, Cao S, Ma G 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 23648 Google Scholar
[29]	Song G, Jiang J, Wang X, Jin Z, Lin X, Ma G, Cao S 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 114 243104 Google Scholar
[30]	Song G, Jin Z, Lin X, Jiang J, Wang X, Wu H, Ma G, Cao S 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 115 163108 Google Scholar
[31]	Kubacka T, Johnson J A, Hoffmann M, et al. 2014 Science 343 6177
[32]	Shao M, Cao S, Wang Y, Yuan S, Kang B, Zhang J, Wu A, Xu J 2011 J. Cryst. Growth 318 947 Google Scholar
[33]	Wang X, Cao S, Wang Y, Yuan S, Kang B, Wu A, Zhang J 2013 J. Cryst. Growth 362 216 Google Scholar
[34]	Cao Y, Yang Y, Xiang M, Feng Z, Kang B, Zhang J, Ren W, Cao S 2015 J. Cryst. Growth 420 90 Google Scholar
[35]	Zhao W, Cao S, Huang R, Cao Y, Xu K, Kang B, Zhang J, Ren W 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 104425 Google Scholar
[36]	Liu X, Xie T, Guo J, et al. 2018 Appl. Phys. Lett. 113 022401 Google Scholar
[37]	Fu X, Xi X, Bi K, Zhou J 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 211108 Google Scholar
[38]	Jiang J, Jin Z, Song G, Lin X, Ma G, Cao S 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 062403 Google Scholar
[39]	Zeng X, Wu L, Xi X, Li B, Zhou J, 2018 Ceram. Int. 44 19054 Google Scholar
[40]	Kimel A V, Kirilyuk A, Tsvetkov A, Pisarev R V, Rasing T, 2004 Nature 429 850 Google Scholar
[41]	Mikhaylovskiy R V, Huisman T J, Pisarev R V, Rasing T, Kimel A V 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 017205 Google Scholar

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Terahertz spectroscopic characterization of spin mode and crystal-field transition in high-throughput grown $ {\bf Sm}_{ x}{\bf Pr}_{ 1– x}{\bf FeO_3} $ crystals

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Corresponding author: Jin Zuan-Ming, physics_jzm@usst.edu.cn ; Ma Guo-Hong, ghma@staff.shu.edu.cn ; Zhu Yi-Ming, ymzhu@usst.edu.cn

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Terahertz spectroscopic characterization of spin mode and crystal-field transition in high-throughput grown $ {\bf Sm}_{ x}{\bf Pr}_{ 1– x}{\bf FeO_3} $ crystals

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Authors and contacts

Corresponding author: Jin Zuan-Ming, physics_jzm@usst.edu.cn ; Ma Guo-Hong, ghma@staff.shu.edu.cn ; Zhu Yi-Ming, ymzhu@usst.edu.cn

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