Research progress of single quantum-dot  spectroscopy and exciton dynamics

Li Bin; Zhang Guo-Feng; Chen Rui-Yun; Qin Cheng-Bing; Hu Jian-Yong; Xiao Lian-Tuan; Jia Suo-Tang

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20212050

Abstract

Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have strong light absorption, continuously adjustable narrowband emission, and high photoluminescence quantum yields, thereby making them promising materials for light-emitting diodes, solar cells, detectors, and lasers. Single-QD photoluminescence spectroscopy can remove the ensemble average to reveal the structure information and exciton dynamics of QD materials at a single-particle level. The study of single-QD spectroscopy can provide guidelines for rationally designing the QDs and giving the mechanism basis for QD-based applications. We can also carry out the research of the interaction between light and single QDs on a nanoscale, and prepare QD-based single-photon sources and entangled photon sources. Here, we review the recent research progress of single-QD photoluminescence spectroscopy and exciton dynamics, mainly including photoluminescence blinking dynamics, and exciton and multi-exciton dynamics of single colloidal CdSe-based QDs and perovskite QDs. Finally, we briefly discuss the possible future development trends of single-QD spectroscopy and exciton dynamics.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Spectral Measurement and Analysis of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

Corresponding author: Zhang Guo-Feng, guofeng.zhang@sxu.edu.cn ; Xiao Lian-Tuan, xlt@sxu.edu.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62127817, 62075120, 62075122, 61875109, 91950109, 62105193), the Joint Research Fund of the NSFC and STINT (Grant No. 62011530133), the Applied Basic Research Program in Shanxi Province (Grant No. 202103021223254), the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2021L257), the Scientific Research Project for Returned Chinese Scholars of Shanxi Province, China (Grant No. HGKY2019002), and the Program for Middle-aged and Young Innovative Talents of Higher Education Institutions of Shanxi Province, China.

FullText HTML : translate this paragraph

References

[1]	Pietryga J M, Park Y S, Lim J H, Fidler A F, Bae W K, Brovelli S, Klimov V I 2016 Chem. Rev. 116 10513 Google Scholar
[2]	Efros A L, Nesbitt D J 2016 Nat. Nanotechnol. 11 661 Google Scholar
[3]	García de Arquer F P, Talapin D V, Klimov V I, Arakawa Y, Bayer M, Sargent E H 2021 Science 373 640 Google Scholar
[4]	Kagan C R, Lifshitz E, Sargent E H, Talapin D V 2016 Science 353 6302 Google Scholar
[5]	Carey G H, Abdelhady A L, Ning Z, Thon S M, Bakr O M, Sargent E H 2015 Chem. Rev. 115 12732 Google Scholar
[6]	Lin Y H, Sakai N, Da P, Wu J, Sansom H C, Ramadan A J, Mahesh S, Liu J, Oliver R D J, Lim J, Aspitarte L, Sharma K, Madhu P K, Morales-Vilches A B, Nayak P K, Bai S, Gao F, Grovenor C R M, Johnston M B, Labram J G, Durrant J R, Ball J M, Wenger B, Stannowski B, Snaith H J 2020 Science 369 96 Google Scholar
[7]	Bao J, Bawendi M G 2015 Nature 523 67 Google Scholar
[8]	Liu L G, Deng L G, Huang S, Zhang P, Linnros J, Zhong H Z, Sychugov I 2019 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 10 864 Google Scholar
[9]	Krieg F, Ong Q K, Burian M, Raino G, Naumenko D, Amenitsch H, Suess A, Grotevent M J, Krumeich F, Bodnarchuk M I, Shorubalko I, Stellacci F, Kovalenko M V 2019 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141 19839 Google Scholar
[10]	Kaur G, Babu K J, Ghorai N, Goswami T, Maiti S, Ghosh H N 2019 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 10 5302 Google Scholar
[11]	Wu R, Luo J, Guo X, Wang X, Ma Z, Li B, Cheng L Y, Miao X 2021 Chem. Phys. Lett. 781 138960 Google Scholar
[12]	Zhou J, Chizhik A I, Chu S, Jin D 2020 Nature 579 41 Google Scholar
[13]	Rabouw F T, Donega C D 2016 Top. Curr. Chem. 374 30 Google Scholar
[14]	Hu F R, Lv B H, Yin C Y, Zhang C F, Wang X Y, Lounis B, Xiao M 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 106404 Google Scholar
[15]	Ihara T 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 235442 Google Scholar
[16]	Senellart P, Solomon G, White A 2017 Nat. Nanotechnol. 12 1026 Google Scholar
[17]	Klimov V I 2014 Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 5 285 Google Scholar
[18]	Schimpf C, Reindl M, Huber D, Lehner B, Covre Da Silva S F, Manna S, Vyvlecka M, Walther P, Rastelli A 2021 Sci. Adv. 7 8905 Google Scholar
[19]	Efros A L, Rosen M 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 1110 Google Scholar
[20]	Nirmal M, Dabbousi B O, Bawendi M G, Macklin J J, Trautman J K, Harris T D, Brus L E 1996 Nature 383 802 Google Scholar
[21]	Brokmann X, Coolen L, Dahan M, Hermier J P 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 107403 Google Scholar
[22]	Li B, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Yang C, Guo W, Peng Y, Chen R, Qin C, Gao Y, Hu J, Wu R, Ma J, Zhong H, Zheng Y, Xiao L, Jia S 2020 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 11 10425 Google Scholar
[23]	Trinh C T, Minh D N, Ahn K J, Kang Y, Lee K G 2020 Sci. Rep. 10 2172 Google Scholar
[24]	Meng R Y, Qin H Y, Niu Y, Fang W, Yang S, Lin X, Cao H J, Ma J L, Ling W Z, Tong L M, Peng X G 2016 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 7 5176 Google Scholar
[25]	Qin H Y, Meng R Y, Wang N, Peng X G 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1606923 Google Scholar
[26]	Frantsuzov P A, Volkan-Kacso S, Janko B 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 207402 Google Scholar
[27]	Yuan G, Gómez D E, Kirkwood N, Boldt K, Mulvaney P 2018 ACS Nano 12 3397 Google Scholar
[28]	Galland C, Ghosh Y, Steinbrück A, Sykora M, Hollingsworth J A, Klimov V I, Htoon H 2011 Nature 479 203 Google Scholar
[29]	Osad'ko I S 2014 J. Chem. Phys. 141 164312 Google Scholar
[30]	Yang C, Xiao R, Zhou S, Yang Y, Zhang G, Li B, Guo W, Han X, Wang D, Bai X, Li J, Chen R, Qin C, Hu J, Feng L, Xiao L, Jia S 2021 ACS Photonics 8 2538 Google Scholar
[31]	Park Y S, Bae W K, Pietryga J M, Klimov V I 2014 ACS Nano 8 7288 Google Scholar
[32]	Hou X Q, Kang J, Qin H Y, Chen X W, Ma J L, Zhou J H, Chen L P, Wang L J, Wang L W, Peng X G 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 1750 Google Scholar
[33]	Hou X Q, Qin H Y, Peng X G 2021 Nano Lett. 21 3871 Google Scholar
[34]	Yin C Y, Chen L Y, Song N, Lv Y, Hu F R, Sun C, Yu W W, Zhang C F, Wang X Y, Zhang Y, Xiao M 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 026401 Google Scholar
[35]	Hu F R, Yin C Y, Zhang H C, Sun C, Yu W W, Zhang C F, Wang X Y, Zhang Y, Xiao M 2016 Nano Lett. 16 6425 Google Scholar
[36]	Ihara T, Kanemitsu Y 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 195302 Google Scholar
[37]	Han X, Zhang G, Li B, Yang C, Guo W, Bai X, Huang P, Chen R, Qin C, Hu J, Ma Y, Zhong H, Xiao L, Jia S 2020 Small 16 2005435 Google Scholar
[38]	Zhang G F, Peng Y, Xie H, Li B, Li Z, Yang C, Guo W, Qin C, Chen R, Gao Y, Zheng Y, Xiao L, Jia S 2019 Front. Phys. 14 23605 Google Scholar
[39]	Zhang G F, Yang C G, Ge Y, Peng Y G, Chen R Y, Qin C B, Gao Y, Zhang L, Zhong H Z, Zheng Y J, Xiao L T, Jia S T 2019 Front. Phys. 14 63601 Google Scholar
[40]	Becker M A, Vaxenburg R, Nedelcu G, Sercel P C, Shabaev A, Mehl M J, Michopoulos J G, Lambrakos S G, Bernstein N, Lyons J L, Stoferle T, Mahrt R F, Kovalenko M V, Norris D J, Raino G, Efros A L 2018 Nature 553 189 Google Scholar
[41]	Yuan G, Ritchie C, Ritter M, Murphy S, Gómez D E, Mulvaney P 2018 J. Phys. Chem. C 122 13407 Google Scholar
[42]	Li B, Huang H, Zhang G, Yang C, Guo W, Chen R, Qin C, Gao Y, Biju V P, Rogach A L, Xiao L, Jia S 2018 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 9 6934 Google Scholar
[43]	李斌, 苗向阳 2021 物理学报 70 207802 Google Scholar Li B, Miao X Y 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 207802 Google Scholar
[44]	Morozov S, Pensa E L, Khan A H, Polovitsyn A, Cortés E, Maier S A, Vezzoli S, Moreels I, Sapienza R 2020 Sci. Adv. 6 1821 Google Scholar
[45]	LeBlanc S J, McClanahan M R, Moyer T, Jones M, Moyer P J 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 115 034306 Google Scholar
[46]	Guo W, Tang J, Zhang G, Li B, Yang C, Chen R, Qin C, Hu J, Zhong H, Xiao L, Jia S 2021 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 12 405 Google Scholar
[47]	Jain A, Voznyy O, Hoogland S, Korkusinski M, Hawrylak P, Sargent E H 2016 Nano Lett. 16 6491 Google Scholar
[48]	Hou X Q, Li Y, Qin H Y, Peng X G 2019 J. Chem. Phys. 151 234703 Google Scholar
[49]	Yang C, Zhang G, Feng L, Li B, Li Z, Chen R, Qin C, Gao Y, Xiao L, Jia S 2018 Opt. Express 26 11889 Google Scholar
[50]	Thomas E M, Ghimire S, Kohara R, Anil A N, Yuyama K-I, Takano Y, Thomas K G, Biju V 2018 ACS Nano 12 9060 Google Scholar
[51]	Trinh C T, Minh D N, Nguyen V L, Ahn K J, Kang Y, Lee K G 2020 APL Materials 8 031102 Google Scholar
[52]	Li B, Zhang G, Wang Z, Li Z, Chen R, Qin C, Gao Y, Xiao L, Jia S 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 32662 Google Scholar
[53]	王早, 张国峰, 李斌, 陈瑞云, 秦成兵, 肖连团, 贾锁堂 2015 物理学报 64 247803 Google Scholar Wang Z, Zhang G F, Li B, Chen R Y, Qin C B, Xiao L T, Jia S T 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 247803 Google Scholar
[54]	吴建芳, 张国峰, 陈瑞云, 秦成兵, 肖连团, 贾锁堂 2014 物理学报 63 167302 Google Scholar Wu J F, Zhang G F, Chen R Y, Qin C B, Xiao L T, Jia S T 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 167302 Google Scholar
[55]	Hu Z, Liu S J, Qin H Y, Zhou J H, Peng X G 2020 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 142 4254 Google Scholar
[56]	Ji B, Giovanelli E, Habert B, Spinicelli P, Nasilowski M, Xu X, Lequeux N, Hugonin J P, Marquier F, Greffet J J, Dubertret B 2015 Nat. Nanotechnol. 10 170 Google Scholar
[57]	Sayevich V, Robinson Z L, Kim Y, Kozlov O V, Jung H, Nakotte T, Park Y S, Klimov V I 2021 Nat. Nanotechnol. 16 673 Google Scholar
[58]	Krishnamurthy S, Singh A, Hu Z, Blake A V, Kim Y, Singh A, Dolgopolova E A, Williams D J, Piryatinski A, Malko A V, Htoon H, Sykora M, Hollingsworth J A 2021 ACS Nano 15 575 Google Scholar
[59]	Lin W Z, Niu Y, Meng R Y, Huang L, Cao H J, Zhang Z X, Qin H Y, Peng X G 2016 Nano Res. 9 260 Google Scholar
[60]	Chen O, Zhao J, Chauhan V P, Cui J, Wong C, Harris D K, Wei H, Han H S, Fukumura D, Jain R K, Bawendi M G 2013 Nat. Mater. 12 445 Google Scholar
[61]	Chouhan L, Ito S, Thomas E M, Takano Y, Ghimire S, Miyasaka H, Biju V 2021 ACS Nano 15 2831 Google Scholar
[62]	Nair G, Zhao J, Bawendi M G 2011 Nano Lett. 11 1136 Google Scholar
[63]	Paulite M, Acharya K P, Nguyen H M, Hollingsworth J A, Htoon H 2015 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6 706 Google Scholar
[64]	Xu W, Hou X, Meng Y, Meng R, Wang Z, Qin H, Peng X, Chen X W 2017 Nano Lett. 17 7487 Google Scholar
[65]	Li B, Zhang G, Yang C, Li Z, Chen R, Qin C, Gao Y, Huang H, Xiao L, Jia S 2018 Opt. Express 26 4674 Google Scholar
[66]	张强强, 胡建勇, 景明勇, 李斌, 秦成兵, 李耀, 肖连团, 贾锁堂 2019 物理学报 68 017803 Google Scholar Zhang Q Q, Hu J Y, Jing MY, Li B, Qin C B, Li Y, Xiao L T, Jia S T 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 017803 Google Scholar
[67]	Bischof T S, Caram J R, Beyler A P, Bawendi M G 2016 Opt. Lett. 41 4823 Google Scholar
[68]	Huang X N, Xu Q F, Zhang C F, Wang X Y, Xiao M 2016 Nano Lett. 16 2492 Google Scholar
[69]	Makarov N S, Guo S J, Isaienko O, Liu W Y, Robel I, Klimov V I 2016 Nano Lett. 16 2349 Google Scholar
[70]	Castaneda J A, Nagamine G, Yassitepe E, Bonato L G, Voznyy O, Hoogland S, Nogueira A F, Sargent E H, Cruz C H B, Padilha L A 2016 ACS Nano 10 8603 Google Scholar
[71]	Hiroshige N, Ihara T, Kanemitsu Y 2017 Phys. Rev. B 95 245307 Google Scholar
[72]	Cihan A F, Martinez P L H, Kelestemur Y, Mutlugun E, Demir H V 2013 ACS Nano 7 4799 Google Scholar
[73]	Vonk S J W, Heemskerk B A J, Keitel R C, Hinterding S O M, Geuchies J J, Houtepen A J, Rabouw F T 2021 Nano Lett. 21 5760 Google Scholar
[74]	Shulenberger K E, Bischof T S, Caram J R, Utzat H, Coropceanu I, Nienhaus L, Bawendi M G 2018 Nano Lett. 18 5153 Google Scholar
[75]	Amgar D, Yang G, Tenne R, Oron D 2019 Nano Lett. 19 8741 Google Scholar
[76]	Li Z, Zhang G, Li B, Chen R, Qin C, Gao Y, Xiao L, Jia S 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 111 153106 Google Scholar
[77]	Krivenkov V, Goncharov S, Samokhvalov P, Sanchez-Iglesias A, Grzelczak M, Nabiev I, Rakovich Y 2019 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 10 481 Google Scholar
[78]	Masuo S, Kanetaka K, Sato R, Teranishi T 2016 ACS Photonics 3 109 Google Scholar
[79]	Naiki H, Oikawa H, Masuo S 2017 Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 16 489 Google Scholar
[80]	Hiroshige N, Ihara T, Saruyama M, Teranishi T, Kanemitsu Y 2017 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 8 1961 Google Scholar
[81]	Rabouw F T, Vaxenburg R, Bakulin A A, van Dijk-Moes R J A, Bakker H J, Rodina A, Lifshitz E, Efros A L, Koenderink A F, Vanmaekelbergh D 2015 ACS Nano 9 10366 Google Scholar
[82]	Ma X D, Diroll B T, Cho W J, Fedin I, Schaller R D, Talapin D V, Gray S K, Wiederrecht G P, Gosztola D J 2017 ACS Nano 11 9119 Google Scholar
[83]	Mangum B D, Sampat S, Ghosh Y, Hollingsworth J A, Htoon H, Malko A V 2014 Nanoscale 6 3712 Google Scholar
[84]	Park Y S, Bae W K, Padilha L A, Pietryga J M, Klimov V I 2014 Nano Lett. 14 396 Google Scholar
[85]	Vaxenburg R, Rodina A, Lifshitz E, Efros A L 2016 Nano Lett. 16 2503 Google Scholar
[86]	Mangum B D, Ghosh Y, Hollingsworth J A, Htoon H 2013 Opt. Express 21 7419 Google Scholar
[87]	Mishra N, Orfield N J, Wang F, Hu Z, Krishnamurthy S, Malko A V, Casson J L, Htoon H, Sykora M, Hollingsworth J A 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 15083 Google Scholar
[88]	Eloi F, Frederich H, Leray A, Buil S, Quelin X, Ji B, Giovanelli E, Lequeux N, Dubertret B, Hermier J P 2015 Opt. Express 23 29921 Google Scholar
[89]	Ta H, Keller J, Haltmeier M, Saka S K, Schmied J, Opazo F, Tinnefeld P, Munk A, Hell S W 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 7977 Google Scholar
[90]	Feng S W, Cheng C Y, Wei C Y, Yang J H, Chen Y R, Chuang Y W, Fan Y H, Chuu C S 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 143601 Google Scholar
[91]	Abudayyeh H, Lubotzky B, Majumder S, Hollingsworth J A, Rapaport R 2019 ACS Photonics 6 446 Google Scholar
[92]	李斌, 张国峰, 景明勇, 陈瑞云, 秦成兵, 高岩, 肖连团, 贾锁堂 2016 物理学报 65 218201 Google Scholar Li B, Zhang G F, Jing M Y, Chen R Y, Qin C B, Gao Y, Xiao L T, Jia S T 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 218201 Google Scholar
[93]	Houel J, Doan Q T, Cajgfinger T, Ledoux G, Amans D, Aubret A, Dominjon A, Ferriol S, Barbier R, Nasilowski M, Lhuillier E, Dubertret B, Dujardin C, Kulzer F 2015 ACS Nano 9 886 Google Scholar
[94]	Zhang G, Rocha S, Lu G, Yuan H, Uji-i H, Floudas G A, Müllen K, Xiao L, Hofkens J, Debroye E 2020 ACS Omega 5 23931 Google Scholar
[95]	张国峰, 李斌, 陈瑞云, 秦成兵, 高岩, 肖连团, 贾锁堂 2019 物理学报 68 148201 Google Scholar Zhang G F, Li B, Chen R Y, Qin C N, Gao Y, Xiao L T, Jia S T 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 148201 Google Scholar
[96]	Tachikawa T, Karimata I, Kobori Y 2015 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6 3195 Google Scholar
[97]	Tian W M, Zhao C Y, Leng J, Gui R R, Jin S G 2015 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137 12458 Google Scholar
[98]	Hensgens T, Fujita T, Janssen L, Li X, Van Diepen C J, Reichl C, Wegscheider W, Das Sarma S, Vandersypen L M K 2017 Nature 548 70 Google Scholar
[99]	Tang J S, Zhou Z Q, Wang Y T, Li Y L, Liu X, Hua Y L, Zou Y, Wang S, He D Y, Chen G, Sun Y N, Yu Y, Li M F, Zha G W, Ni H Q, Niu Z C, Li C F, Guo G C 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8652 Google Scholar
[100]	Utzat H, Sun W, Kaplan A E K, Krieg F, Ginterseder M, Spokoyny B, Klein N D, Shulenberger K E, Perkinson C F, Kovalenko M V, Bawendi M G 2019 Science 363 1068 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 3种类型的光致发光闪烁　(a)俄歇型闪烁（Auger-blinking）的光致发光强度轨迹^[22]; (b)俄歇型闪烁的光致发光寿命-强度分布图^[22]; (c)带边载流子型闪烁（BC-blinking）的光致发光强度轨迹^[22]; (d)带边载流子型闪烁的光致发光寿命-强度分布图^[22]; (e)热载流子型闪烁（HC-blinking）的光致发光强度轨迹^[23]; (f)热载流子型闪烁的光致发光寿命-强度分布图^[23]

Figure 1. Three types of photoluminescence (PL) blinking: (a) PL intensity trace of Auger-blinking^[22]; (b) fluorescence lifetime-intensity distribution (FLID) map of Auger-blinking^[22]; (c) PL intensity trace of band-edge carrier (BC) blinking^[22]; (d) FLID map of BC blinking^[22]; (e) PL intensity trace of hot-carrier (HC) blinking^[23]; (f) FLID map of HC blinking^[23].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 带正电激子态与带负电激子态　(a)典型的单量子点的光致发光强度轨迹, 其中亮态(Bright state)、灰态(Gray state)和暗态(Dark state)分别为中性激子态、带负电激子态和带正电激子态; (b)相应的亮态、灰态和暗态的光致发光强度衰减曲线; (c)相应的二阶关联函数曲线; (d)带正电激子态与带负电激子态的形成示意图^[30]

Figure 2. Positive trion state and negative trion state: (a) PL intensity trace of a typical single quantum dot (QD). Bright state, gray state, and dark state represent the neutral exciton state, negative trion state, and positive trion state, respectively. (b) PL decay curves of bright state, gray state, and dark state. (c) Corresponding second-order correlation function (g⁽²⁾) curve. (d) Schematic diagram of the formation of positive and negative trion states^[30].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 量子点壳层结构对带正电激子态与带负电激子态的影响　(a), (d) CdSe₆₃₀/8CdS单量子点和CdSe₆₃₀/4CdS单量子点的光致发光强度轨迹和相应的强度分布图, 蓝色和红色阴影区域分别对应于带正电激子态和带负电激子态; (b), (e)两类单量子点带正电激子态和带负电激子态的光致发光衰减曲线图; (c), (f)两类单量子点的带正电激子态和带负电激子态的量子产率和俄歇速率的对应关系^[32]

Figure 3. Effect of the shell structure of QDs on positive and negative trion states: (a), (d) PL intensity traces and corresponding histograms of CdSe₆₃₀/8CdS and CdSe₆₃₀/4CdS single QDs. The blue and red shaded regions correspond to positive and negative trion states, respectively. (b), (e) PL decay curves of positive and negative trion states of two kinds of single QDs. (c), (f) Quantum yield and Auger rate of the positive trions versus those of negative trions of two kinds of single QDs^[32].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 (a) CsPbI₃钙钛矿单量子点的时间依赖的光致发光光谱成像, XX^–, XX, X^2–, X^–和X分别表示带电双激子态、双激子态、高阶带电激子态、带电激子态和单激子态; (b)—(f)相应的X, XX, X^–, XX^–和X^2–的光致发光光谱^[34]

Figure 4. (a) Time-dependent PL spectral image of a single CsPbI₃ perovskite QD. XX^–, XX, X^2–, X^–, and X represent charged biexciton state, biexciton state, higher-order charged exciton state, trion state, and single exciton state, respectively. The PL spectra of X, XX, X^–, XX^–, and X^2– are plotted in (b)–(f), respectively ^[34].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 CH₃NH₃PbBr₃钙钛矿单量子点的量子限域Stark效应　(a)典型的单量子点的光致发光强度轨迹, 红色和绿色直线区域表示强度不同的中性激子态的光致发光强度; (b)图(a)中红色和绿色直线区域的光致发光强度衰减曲线, 表明较低的光致发光强度对应较大的寿命; (c)相应的二阶关联函数曲线; (d)相应的光致发光寿命-强度分布图; (e)相应的光致发光量子产率与总的复合速率(辐射与非辐射复合速率之和)的分布图^[37]

Figure 5. Intrinsic quantum-confined Stark effect of single CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ perovskite QDs: (a) PL intensity trace of a typical single QD. Red and green lines represent PL intensities of neutral and surface-charged states, respectively. (b) PL decay curves of the PL areas marked by red and green lines. (c) Corresponding g⁽²⁾ curve. (d) Corresponding FLID map. (e) Corresponding distribution of PL quantum yield versus total recombination rate ^[37].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 (a)不同激发功率下CdSe/CdS单量子点的光致发光强度轨迹和相应的强度分布图; (b)相应的光致发光寿命-强度分布图, “B”和“D”分别代表亮态和灰态; (c)充电速率r_(B→D)和放电速率r_(D→B)随激发条件$ \langle N \rangle$的变化, 其中$\langle N \rangle $表示单个量子点吸收每个激光脉冲中的平均光子数; (d)充电速率r_(B→D)和放电速率r_(D→B)随脉冲光重复频率f的变化^[24]

Figure 6. (a) PL intensity traces and corresponding histograms of a single CdSe/CdS QD under various excitation conditions. (b) Corresponding FLID in color scale. “B” and “D” represent bright states and dim states, respectively. (c) Charging and discharging rates versus $\langle N \rangle $ with a fixed laser repetition frequency ($ f $), where $\langle N \rangle $ is the average number of photons absorbed per QD per pulse. (d) Charging and discharging rates versus f at a given $\langle N \rangle $^[24].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 (a), (b)核壳界面势陡峭的单量子点(QD1)和核壳界面势平滑的单量子点(QD2)的光致发光强度轨迹和强度分布图, QD2的光致发光闪烁比QD1更剧烈; (c), (d)强度轨迹中的两个高亮区域的光致发光衰减曲线及单指数拟合, 其中灰色曲线为仪器响应函数; (e), (f) QD1和QD2的光致发光闪烁率统计图, QD2的光致发光闪烁率比QD1更高; (g), (h)相应的亮、暗态的概率密度分布图^[46]

Figure 7. (a), (b) Typical PL trajectories for single QDs with sharp interface potential (QD1) and a single QD with smooth interface potential (QD2). The right panels show the corresponding PL intensity histograms. The PL blinking of QD2 is more frequent than that of QD1. (c), (d) Corresponding PL decay curves obtained from the PL regions marked in respective colors on PL intensity trajectories of panel (a) and panel (b), respectively. The solid gray lines are the instrument response function of the system. (e), (f) Histograms of PL blinking rates for the single QD1 and single QD2 obtained under the same excitation. The PL blinking rate of QD2 is higher than that of QD1. (g), (h) Normalized on-state probability densities for the single QD1 and single QD2^[46].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 利用对苯二胺(PPD)和二甲基苯胺(DMA)抑制单个CdSe类量子点的光致发光闪烁　(a), (b)发射波长为525和622 nm的CdSe/ZnS单量子点、发射波长为800 nm的CdSeTe/ZnS单量子点的典型光致发光强度轨迹; (c), (d)相应的在PPD或DMA作用下的单量子点的光致发光强度轨迹^[30]

Figure 8. Suppression of the PL blinking of single CdSe-based QDs with p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and N, N-dimethylaniline (DMA): (a), (b) Typical PL intensity trajectories of the single CdSe-based QDs with emission wavelengths of 525, 622, and 800 nm in glycerol (cetene), respectively; (c), (d) typical PL intensity trajectories of the single QDs in glycerol with PPD (in cetene with DMA), respectively^[30].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 (a) CdSeTe/ZnS单量子点在玻片表面和ITO中的光致发光强度轨迹和相应的强度分布图; (b), (c) CdSeTe/ZnS单量子点在玻片表面和ITO中的光致发光闪烁率和亮态比例的统计分布图^[52]

Figure 9. (a) Typical PL intensity trajectories and intensity histograms for the single CdSeTe/ZnS QDs on glass coverslips and encased in ITO, respectively; (b), (c) histograms of blinking rates and proportion of on-state for single QDs on glass coverslips and encased in ITO, respectively^[52].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 10 (a)左: Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT)实验装置示意图. 右: 弱光激发条件下双激子和单激子的量子产率之比约等于二阶关联函数零延时处的中心峰面积与边峰面积之比($ g^{(2)}_0 $)^[62]. (b)不同的光致发光强度区域对应的二阶关联函数(g⁽²⁾)^[63]. (c)单光子探测事件与双光子探测事件的示意图^[65]. (d)溶液环境下用于单量子点测量的HBT实验装置示意图^[67]

Figure 10. (a) Left panel: Schematic diagram of Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) experimental scheme. Right panel: The ratio of quantum yields between biexciton and single exciton excited under weak excitation conditions is approximately equal to the ratio between central peak area and side peak area of g⁽²⁾ function^[62]. (b) g⁽²⁾ functions for different PL intensity regions^[63]. (c) Schematic diagram of single-photon events and two-photon events^[65]. (d) Schematic diagram of HBT experimental scheme for single QDs in solution environment^[67].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 11 (a)不同激发条件下的单量子点的光致发光强度轨迹, 红色虚线以上部分定义为光致发光强度轨迹的亮态; (b)相应的强度轨迹的亮态的光致发光衰减曲线, 通过双指数拟合获得双激子寿命^[14]

Figure 11. (a) PL intensity traces of a single QD under different excitation conditions. Bright and dim states are separated by red dashed lines. (b) Corresponding PL decay curves of bright states, and the biexciton lifetime is obtained by biexponential fitting ^[14].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 12 (a)带电双激子态和中性双激子态的辐射速率之比、俄歇非辐射速率之比的统计分布图; (b) CdSe/ZnS量子点带电双激子态的辐射复合(红色箭头)和俄歇非辐射复合(黑色箭头)示意图; (c)双激子态和单激子态的辐射速率之比α、通过表面俘获的非辐射复合速率之比β的统计分布图; (d)双激子态的辐射复合(红色箭头)、俄歇非辐射复合(黑色箭头)和表面非辐射复合(灰色箭头)示意图^[22]

Figure 12. (a) Statistical distribution of the ratio of radiative rates and of Auger rates between charged and neutral biexciton states; (b) schematic of radiative recombination pathways (red arrows) and nonradiative Auger recombination (black arrows) of the charged biexciton state for a CdSe-based QD; (c) statistical distributions of the radiative rate ratio (α) and of the surface nonradiative rate ratio (β) between biexciton and single exciton; (d) schematic of radiative recombination pathways (red arrows), Auger recombination pathway (black arrows), and surface nonradiative recombination processes (gray arrows) for the biexciton state^[22]

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 13 (a)利用4个单光子探测器同时进行HBT探测的共聚焦实验装置; (b)单光子与双光子事件示意图; (c)双激子衰减曲线(绿色)及单指数拟合, 插入图为脉冲光激发下的g⁽²⁾函数; (d)脉冲光激发下的g⁽³⁾函数; (e)三激子衰减曲线(绿色)及单指数拟合; (f) CdSe类量子点三激子复合示意图^[74]

Figure 13. (a) Confocal scanning microscopy equipped with four single-photon detectors for HBT detection. (b) Schematic diagram of single-photon events and two-photon events. (c) PL decay curve of biexciton (green) and corresponding fitted curve. The inset is pulse resolved g⁽²⁾ function. (d) Pulse resolved g⁽³⁾ function. (e) PL decay curve of triexciton (green) and corresponding fitted curve. (f) Model of triexciton recombination of CdSe QD^[74].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 14 (a)通过调整PMMA薄膜厚度改变单量子点与金纳米棒之间的距离并测量了$ g^{(2)}_0 $值随距离的变化^[77]; (b)通过原子力显微镜针尖控制金纳米块和单量子点的距离并测量了$ g^{(2)}_0 $值随距离的变化^[78]; (c)核壳界面势调控单量子点双激子俄歇复合速率^[46]

Figure 14. (a) Distance between single QDs and gold nanorods was modulated by PMMA film thickness, and the $ g^{(2)}_0 $ values are measured^[77]; (b) distance between gold nanoparticles and single QD was controlled by AFM tip, and the $ g^{(2)}_0 $ values are measured^[78]; (c) effect of core-shell interface potentials on biexciton Auger rates of single QDs^[46].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 15 共聚焦扫描成像过程中单量子点的快速识别　(a), (b)单量子点的单光子和双光子事件成像; (c)相应的时间门控作用后的双光子事件成像; (d)成像图中圆圈C区域中各像素对应的光致发光强度轨迹; (e)每个激发脉冲下单光子事件的探测概率f₁和双光子事件的探测概率f₂以及量子点个数n值的实验与理论关系曲线; (f)共聚焦成像中的量子点个数n值分布图, 其中数字1和2分别表示单量子点和量子点团簇. 图中各标尺长度为3 μm^[65]

Figure 15. Fast recognition of single QDs during confocal scanning imaging: (a), (b) A typical example of images of single-photon and two-photon events of QDs on a glass coverslip; (c) corresponding time-gated two-photon events imaging; (d) PL intensity trace corresponding to each pixel in the circle C region in the image; (e) corresponding experimental and theoretical relationship of the detection probability f₁ of single-photon event, the detection probability f₂ of two-photon event, and the number n of QDs for each excitation pulse; (f) distribution of the number n of QDs in the confocal image. The 1 and 2 represent for single QD and QD clusters, respectively. The scale bars are 3 μm^[65].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Pietryga J M, Park Y S, Lim J H, Fidler A F, Bae W K, Brovelli S, Klimov V I 2016 Chem. Rev. 116 10513 Google Scholar
[2]	Efros A L, Nesbitt D J 2016 Nat. Nanotechnol. 11 661 Google Scholar
[3]	García de Arquer F P, Talapin D V, Klimov V I, Arakawa Y, Bayer M, Sargent E H 2021 Science 373 640 Google Scholar
[4]	Kagan C R, Lifshitz E, Sargent E H, Talapin D V 2016 Science 353 6302 Google Scholar
[5]	Carey G H, Abdelhady A L, Ning Z, Thon S M, Bakr O M, Sargent E H 2015 Chem. Rev. 115 12732 Google Scholar
[6]	Lin Y H, Sakai N, Da P, Wu J, Sansom H C, Ramadan A J, Mahesh S, Liu J, Oliver R D J, Lim J, Aspitarte L, Sharma K, Madhu P K, Morales-Vilches A B, Nayak P K, Bai S, Gao F, Grovenor C R M, Johnston M B, Labram J G, Durrant J R, Ball J M, Wenger B, Stannowski B, Snaith H J 2020 Science 369 96 Google Scholar
[7]	Bao J, Bawendi M G 2015 Nature 523 67 Google Scholar
[8]	Liu L G, Deng L G, Huang S, Zhang P, Linnros J, Zhong H Z, Sychugov I 2019 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 10 864 Google Scholar
[9]	Krieg F, Ong Q K, Burian M, Raino G, Naumenko D, Amenitsch H, Suess A, Grotevent M J, Krumeich F, Bodnarchuk M I, Shorubalko I, Stellacci F, Kovalenko M V 2019 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141 19839 Google Scholar
[10]	Kaur G, Babu K J, Ghorai N, Goswami T, Maiti S, Ghosh H N 2019 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 10 5302 Google Scholar
[11]	Wu R, Luo J, Guo X, Wang X, Ma Z, Li B, Cheng L Y, Miao X 2021 Chem. Phys. Lett. 781 138960 Google Scholar
[12]	Zhou J, Chizhik A I, Chu S, Jin D 2020 Nature 579 41 Google Scholar
[13]	Rabouw F T, Donega C D 2016 Top. Curr. Chem. 374 30 Google Scholar
[14]	Hu F R, Lv B H, Yin C Y, Zhang C F, Wang X Y, Lounis B, Xiao M 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 106404 Google Scholar
[15]	Ihara T 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 235442 Google Scholar
[16]	Senellart P, Solomon G, White A 2017 Nat. Nanotechnol. 12 1026 Google Scholar
[17]	Klimov V I 2014 Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 5 285 Google Scholar
[18]	Schimpf C, Reindl M, Huber D, Lehner B, Covre Da Silva S F, Manna S, Vyvlecka M, Walther P, Rastelli A 2021 Sci. Adv. 7 8905 Google Scholar
[19]	Efros A L, Rosen M 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 1110 Google Scholar
[20]	Nirmal M, Dabbousi B O, Bawendi M G, Macklin J J, Trautman J K, Harris T D, Brus L E 1996 Nature 383 802 Google Scholar
[21]	Brokmann X, Coolen L, Dahan M, Hermier J P 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 107403 Google Scholar
[22]	Li B, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Yang C, Guo W, Peng Y, Chen R, Qin C, Gao Y, Hu J, Wu R, Ma J, Zhong H, Zheng Y, Xiao L, Jia S 2020 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 11 10425 Google Scholar
[23]	Trinh C T, Minh D N, Ahn K J, Kang Y, Lee K G 2020 Sci. Rep. 10 2172 Google Scholar
[24]	Meng R Y, Qin H Y, Niu Y, Fang W, Yang S, Lin X, Cao H J, Ma J L, Ling W Z, Tong L M, Peng X G 2016 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 7 5176 Google Scholar
[25]	Qin H Y, Meng R Y, Wang N, Peng X G 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1606923 Google Scholar
[26]	Frantsuzov P A, Volkan-Kacso S, Janko B 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 207402 Google Scholar
[27]	Yuan G, Gómez D E, Kirkwood N, Boldt K, Mulvaney P 2018 ACS Nano 12 3397 Google Scholar
[28]	Galland C, Ghosh Y, Steinbrück A, Sykora M, Hollingsworth J A, Klimov V I, Htoon H 2011 Nature 479 203 Google Scholar
[29]	Osad'ko I S 2014 J. Chem. Phys. 141 164312 Google Scholar
[30]	Yang C, Xiao R, Zhou S, Yang Y, Zhang G, Li B, Guo W, Han X, Wang D, Bai X, Li J, Chen R, Qin C, Hu J, Feng L, Xiao L, Jia S 2021 ACS Photonics 8 2538 Google Scholar
[31]	Park Y S, Bae W K, Pietryga J M, Klimov V I 2014 ACS Nano 8 7288 Google Scholar
[32]	Hou X Q, Kang J, Qin H Y, Chen X W, Ma J L, Zhou J H, Chen L P, Wang L J, Wang L W, Peng X G 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 1750 Google Scholar
[33]	Hou X Q, Qin H Y, Peng X G 2021 Nano Lett. 21 3871 Google Scholar
[34]	Yin C Y, Chen L Y, Song N, Lv Y, Hu F R, Sun C, Yu W W, Zhang C F, Wang X Y, Zhang Y, Xiao M 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 026401 Google Scholar
[35]	Hu F R, Yin C Y, Zhang H C, Sun C, Yu W W, Zhang C F, Wang X Y, Zhang Y, Xiao M 2016 Nano Lett. 16 6425 Google Scholar
[36]	Ihara T, Kanemitsu Y 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 195302 Google Scholar
[37]	Han X, Zhang G, Li B, Yang C, Guo W, Bai X, Huang P, Chen R, Qin C, Hu J, Ma Y, Zhong H, Xiao L, Jia S 2020 Small 16 2005435 Google Scholar
[38]	Zhang G F, Peng Y, Xie H, Li B, Li Z, Yang C, Guo W, Qin C, Chen R, Gao Y, Zheng Y, Xiao L, Jia S 2019 Front. Phys. 14 23605 Google Scholar
[39]	Zhang G F, Yang C G, Ge Y, Peng Y G, Chen R Y, Qin C B, Gao Y, Zhang L, Zhong H Z, Zheng Y J, Xiao L T, Jia S T 2019 Front. Phys. 14 63601 Google Scholar
[40]	Becker M A, Vaxenburg R, Nedelcu G, Sercel P C, Shabaev A, Mehl M J, Michopoulos J G, Lambrakos S G, Bernstein N, Lyons J L, Stoferle T, Mahrt R F, Kovalenko M V, Norris D J, Raino G, Efros A L 2018 Nature 553 189 Google Scholar
[41]	Yuan G, Ritchie C, Ritter M, Murphy S, Gómez D E, Mulvaney P 2018 J. Phys. Chem. C 122 13407 Google Scholar
[42]	Li B, Huang H, Zhang G, Yang C, Guo W, Chen R, Qin C, Gao Y, Biju V P, Rogach A L, Xiao L, Jia S 2018 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 9 6934 Google Scholar
[43]	李斌, 苗向阳 2021 物理学报 70 207802 Google Scholar Li B, Miao X Y 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 207802 Google Scholar
[44]	Morozov S, Pensa E L, Khan A H, Polovitsyn A, Cortés E, Maier S A, Vezzoli S, Moreels I, Sapienza R 2020 Sci. Adv. 6 1821 Google Scholar
[45]	LeBlanc S J, McClanahan M R, Moyer T, Jones M, Moyer P J 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 115 034306 Google Scholar
[46]	Guo W, Tang J, Zhang G, Li B, Yang C, Chen R, Qin C, Hu J, Zhong H, Xiao L, Jia S 2021 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 12 405 Google Scholar
[47]	Jain A, Voznyy O, Hoogland S, Korkusinski M, Hawrylak P, Sargent E H 2016 Nano Lett. 16 6491 Google Scholar
[48]	Hou X Q, Li Y, Qin H Y, Peng X G 2019 J. Chem. Phys. 151 234703 Google Scholar
[49]	Yang C, Zhang G, Feng L, Li B, Li Z, Chen R, Qin C, Gao Y, Xiao L, Jia S 2018 Opt. Express 26 11889 Google Scholar
[50]	Thomas E M, Ghimire S, Kohara R, Anil A N, Yuyama K-I, Takano Y, Thomas K G, Biju V 2018 ACS Nano 12 9060 Google Scholar
[51]	Trinh C T, Minh D N, Nguyen V L, Ahn K J, Kang Y, Lee K G 2020 APL Materials 8 031102 Google Scholar
[52]	Li B, Zhang G, Wang Z, Li Z, Chen R, Qin C, Gao Y, Xiao L, Jia S 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 32662 Google Scholar
[53]	王早, 张国峰, 李斌, 陈瑞云, 秦成兵, 肖连团, 贾锁堂 2015 物理学报 64 247803 Google Scholar Wang Z, Zhang G F, Li B, Chen R Y, Qin C B, Xiao L T, Jia S T 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 247803 Google Scholar
[54]	吴建芳, 张国峰, 陈瑞云, 秦成兵, 肖连团, 贾锁堂 2014 物理学报 63 167302 Google Scholar Wu J F, Zhang G F, Chen R Y, Qin C B, Xiao L T, Jia S T 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 167302 Google Scholar
[55]	Hu Z, Liu S J, Qin H Y, Zhou J H, Peng X G 2020 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 142 4254 Google Scholar
[56]	Ji B, Giovanelli E, Habert B, Spinicelli P, Nasilowski M, Xu X, Lequeux N, Hugonin J P, Marquier F, Greffet J J, Dubertret B 2015 Nat. Nanotechnol. 10 170 Google Scholar
[57]	Sayevich V, Robinson Z L, Kim Y, Kozlov O V, Jung H, Nakotte T, Park Y S, Klimov V I 2021 Nat. Nanotechnol. 16 673 Google Scholar
[58]	Krishnamurthy S, Singh A, Hu Z, Blake A V, Kim Y, Singh A, Dolgopolova E A, Williams D J, Piryatinski A, Malko A V, Htoon H, Sykora M, Hollingsworth J A 2021 ACS Nano 15 575 Google Scholar
[59]	Lin W Z, Niu Y, Meng R Y, Huang L, Cao H J, Zhang Z X, Qin H Y, Peng X G 2016 Nano Res. 9 260 Google Scholar
[60]	Chen O, Zhao J, Chauhan V P, Cui J, Wong C, Harris D K, Wei H, Han H S, Fukumura D, Jain R K, Bawendi M G 2013 Nat. Mater. 12 445 Google Scholar
[61]	Chouhan L, Ito S, Thomas E M, Takano Y, Ghimire S, Miyasaka H, Biju V 2021 ACS Nano 15 2831 Google Scholar
[62]	Nair G, Zhao J, Bawendi M G 2011 Nano Lett. 11 1136 Google Scholar
[63]	Paulite M, Acharya K P, Nguyen H M, Hollingsworth J A, Htoon H 2015 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6 706 Google Scholar
[64]	Xu W, Hou X, Meng Y, Meng R, Wang Z, Qin H, Peng X, Chen X W 2017 Nano Lett. 17 7487 Google Scholar
[65]	Li B, Zhang G, Yang C, Li Z, Chen R, Qin C, Gao Y, Huang H, Xiao L, Jia S 2018 Opt. Express 26 4674 Google Scholar
[66]	张强强, 胡建勇, 景明勇, 李斌, 秦成兵, 李耀, 肖连团, 贾锁堂 2019 物理学报 68 017803 Google Scholar Zhang Q Q, Hu J Y, Jing MY, Li B, Qin C B, Li Y, Xiao L T, Jia S T 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 017803 Google Scholar
[67]	Bischof T S, Caram J R, Beyler A P, Bawendi M G 2016 Opt. Lett. 41 4823 Google Scholar
[68]	Huang X N, Xu Q F, Zhang C F, Wang X Y, Xiao M 2016 Nano Lett. 16 2492 Google Scholar
[69]	Makarov N S, Guo S J, Isaienko O, Liu W Y, Robel I, Klimov V I 2016 Nano Lett. 16 2349 Google Scholar
[70]	Castaneda J A, Nagamine G, Yassitepe E, Bonato L G, Voznyy O, Hoogland S, Nogueira A F, Sargent E H, Cruz C H B, Padilha L A 2016 ACS Nano 10 8603 Google Scholar
[71]	Hiroshige N, Ihara T, Kanemitsu Y 2017 Phys. Rev. B 95 245307 Google Scholar
[72]	Cihan A F, Martinez P L H, Kelestemur Y, Mutlugun E, Demir H V 2013 ACS Nano 7 4799 Google Scholar
[73]	Vonk S J W, Heemskerk B A J, Keitel R C, Hinterding S O M, Geuchies J J, Houtepen A J, Rabouw F T 2021 Nano Lett. 21 5760 Google Scholar
[74]	Shulenberger K E, Bischof T S, Caram J R, Utzat H, Coropceanu I, Nienhaus L, Bawendi M G 2018 Nano Lett. 18 5153 Google Scholar
[75]	Amgar D, Yang G, Tenne R, Oron D 2019 Nano Lett. 19 8741 Google Scholar
[76]	Li Z, Zhang G, Li B, Chen R, Qin C, Gao Y, Xiao L, Jia S 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 111 153106 Google Scholar
[77]	Krivenkov V, Goncharov S, Samokhvalov P, Sanchez-Iglesias A, Grzelczak M, Nabiev I, Rakovich Y 2019 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 10 481 Google Scholar
[78]	Masuo S, Kanetaka K, Sato R, Teranishi T 2016 ACS Photonics 3 109 Google Scholar
[79]	Naiki H, Oikawa H, Masuo S 2017 Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 16 489 Google Scholar
[80]	Hiroshige N, Ihara T, Saruyama M, Teranishi T, Kanemitsu Y 2017 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 8 1961 Google Scholar
[81]	Rabouw F T, Vaxenburg R, Bakulin A A, van Dijk-Moes R J A, Bakker H J, Rodina A, Lifshitz E, Efros A L, Koenderink A F, Vanmaekelbergh D 2015 ACS Nano 9 10366 Google Scholar
[82]	Ma X D, Diroll B T, Cho W J, Fedin I, Schaller R D, Talapin D V, Gray S K, Wiederrecht G P, Gosztola D J 2017 ACS Nano 11 9119 Google Scholar
[83]	Mangum B D, Sampat S, Ghosh Y, Hollingsworth J A, Htoon H, Malko A V 2014 Nanoscale 6 3712 Google Scholar
[84]	Park Y S, Bae W K, Padilha L A, Pietryga J M, Klimov V I 2014 Nano Lett. 14 396 Google Scholar
[85]	Vaxenburg R, Rodina A, Lifshitz E, Efros A L 2016 Nano Lett. 16 2503 Google Scholar
[86]	Mangum B D, Ghosh Y, Hollingsworth J A, Htoon H 2013 Opt. Express 21 7419 Google Scholar
[87]	Mishra N, Orfield N J, Wang F, Hu Z, Krishnamurthy S, Malko A V, Casson J L, Htoon H, Sykora M, Hollingsworth J A 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 15083 Google Scholar
[88]	Eloi F, Frederich H, Leray A, Buil S, Quelin X, Ji B, Giovanelli E, Lequeux N, Dubertret B, Hermier J P 2015 Opt. Express 23 29921 Google Scholar
[89]	Ta H, Keller J, Haltmeier M, Saka S K, Schmied J, Opazo F, Tinnefeld P, Munk A, Hell S W 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 7977 Google Scholar
[90]	Feng S W, Cheng C Y, Wei C Y, Yang J H, Chen Y R, Chuang Y W, Fan Y H, Chuu C S 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 143601 Google Scholar
[91]	Abudayyeh H, Lubotzky B, Majumder S, Hollingsworth J A, Rapaport R 2019 ACS Photonics 6 446 Google Scholar
[92]	李斌, 张国峰, 景明勇, 陈瑞云, 秦成兵, 高岩, 肖连团, 贾锁堂 2016 物理学报 65 218201 Google Scholar Li B, Zhang G F, Jing M Y, Chen R Y, Qin C B, Gao Y, Xiao L T, Jia S T 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 218201 Google Scholar
[93]	Houel J, Doan Q T, Cajgfinger T, Ledoux G, Amans D, Aubret A, Dominjon A, Ferriol S, Barbier R, Nasilowski M, Lhuillier E, Dubertret B, Dujardin C, Kulzer F 2015 ACS Nano 9 886 Google Scholar
[94]	Zhang G, Rocha S, Lu G, Yuan H, Uji-i H, Floudas G A, Müllen K, Xiao L, Hofkens J, Debroye E 2020 ACS Omega 5 23931 Google Scholar
[95]	张国峰, 李斌, 陈瑞云, 秦成兵, 高岩, 肖连团, 贾锁堂 2019 物理学报 68 148201 Google Scholar Zhang G F, Li B, Chen R Y, Qin C N, Gao Y, Xiao L T, Jia S T 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 148201 Google Scholar
[96]	Tachikawa T, Karimata I, Kobori Y 2015 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6 3195 Google Scholar
[97]	Tian W M, Zhao C Y, Leng J, Gui R R, Jin S G 2015 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137 12458 Google Scholar
[98]	Hensgens T, Fujita T, Janssen L, Li X, Van Diepen C J, Reichl C, Wegscheider W, Das Sarma S, Vandersypen L M K 2017 Nature 548 70 Google Scholar
[99]	Tang J S, Zhou Z Q, Wang Y T, Li Y L, Liu X, Hua Y L, Zou Y, Wang S, He D Y, Chen G, Sun Y N, Yu Y, Li M F, Zha G W, Ni H Q, Niu Z C, Li C F, Guo G C 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8652 Google Scholar
[100]	Utzat H, Sun W, Kaplan A E K, Krieg F, Ginterseder M, Spokoyny B, Klein N D, Shulenberger K E, Perkinson C F, Kovalenko M V, Bawendi M G 2019 Science 363 1068 Google Scholar

[1]	Li Yuan-He, Zhuo Zhi-Yao, Wang Jian, Huang Jun-Hui, Li Shu-Lun, Ni Hai-Qiao, Niu Zhi-Chuan, Dou Xiu-Ming, Sun Bao-Quan. Controlling exciton spontaneous emission of quantum dots by Au nanoparticles. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(6): 067804. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20211863
[2]	. Controlling Exciton Spontaneous Emission of Quantum Dots by Au nanoparticles. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, (): . doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20211863
[3]	Fan Xu-Yang, Chen Han-Chao, Wang Lu-Xia. Theoretical study of exciton-exciton annihilation dynamics in the approximation of weak coupling. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(22): 227302. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20211242
[4]	Wu Hao, Ren Yuan, Liu Tong, Wang Yuan-Qin, Xing Chao-Yang. Rotational dynamics characteristics of planar superimposed vortices of exciton polariton condensates. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(23): 230303. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20200697
[5]	Fu Xiao-Qian, Lü Si-Yuan, Wang Lu-Xia. Theoretical study of nonlinear multi-exciton dynamics in coupled molecular chains. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(19): 197301. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20200104
[6]	Zhang Qiang-Qiang, Hu Jian-Yong, Jing Ming-Yong, Li Bin, Qin Cheng-Bing, Li Yao, Xiao Lian-Tuan, Jia Suo-Tang. Research on fluorescence lifetime dynamics of quantum dot by single photons modulation spectrum. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(1): 017803. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20181797
[7]	Wang Wen-Jing, Li Chong, Zhang Mao-Mao, Gao Kun. Dynamical study of ultrafast exciton migration in coujugated polymers driven by nonuniform field. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(17): 177201. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20190432
[8]	Yu Yang, Zhang Wen-Jie, Zhao Wan-Ying, Lin Xian, Jin Zuan-Ming, Liu Wei-Min, Ma Guo-Hong. Dynamics of A-exciton and spin relaxation in WS₂ and WSe₂ monolayer. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(1): 017201. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20181769
[9]	Han Yuan-Chun, Bao Tmurbagan. Investigation of ultrafast relaxation dynamic process of water-soluble TGA-CdTe quantum dots. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(11): 113201. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.113201
[10]	Zhu Meng-Long, Dong Yu-Lan, Zhong Hai-Zheng, He Jun. Exciton spin relaxation dynamics in CdTe quantum dots at room temperature. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(12): 127202. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.127202
[11]	Zeng Kuan-Hong, Wang Deng-Long, She Yan-Chao, Zhang Wei-Xi. Spatial optical soliton pairs in a quantum dot with exciton-biexciton coherence. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(14): 147801. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.147801
[12]	Shen Man, Zhang Liang, Liu Jian-Jun. Effects of magneic field and quantum dot size on properties of exciton. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(21): 217103. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.217103
[13]	Chang Xiu-Ying, Dou Xiu-Ming, Sun Bao-Quan, Xiong Yong-Hua, Ni Hai-Qiao, Niu Zhi-Chuan. Tuning photoluminescence of single InAs quantum dot by electric field. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(6): 4279-4282. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.4279
[14]	Luo Zhi-Hua, Yu Chao-Fan. The kinematic and dynamic nonlinear effects in the exciton-soliton motion in one-dimensional molecular crystals. Acta Physica Sinica, 2008, 57(6): 3720-3729. doi: 10.7498/aps.57.3720
[15]	Liu Shao-Ding, Cheng Mu-Tian, Zhou Hui-Jun, Li Yao-Yi, Wang Qu-Quan, Xue Qi-Kun. The effect of biexciton, wetting layer leakage and Auger capture on Rabi oscillation damping in quantum dots. Acta Physica Sinica, 2006, 55(5): 2122-2127. doi: 10.7498/aps.55.2122
[16]	Hu Zhen-Hua, Huang De-Xiu. Theoretical studies of submillimeter radiation and near-infrared emission due to excitonic recombination in an asymmetric coupled-quantum-well structure. Acta Physica Sinica, 2003, 52(6): 1488-1495. doi: 10.7498/aps.52.1488
[17]	Liu Cheng-Shi, Ma Ben-Kun, Wang Li-Min. Dynamic behaviours of an exciton confined in coupled quantum dots driven by an a lternating current electrical field. Acta Physica Sinica, 2003, 52(8): 2020-2026. doi: 10.7498/aps.52.2020
[18]	ZHANG XI-QING, WANG YONG-SHENG, XU ZHENG, HOU YAN-BING, WANG ZHEN-JIA, XU XU-RONG, Z.K.TANG, WANG HE-ZHOU, LI WEI-LIANG, ZHAO FU-LI, CAI ZHI-GANG, ZHOU JIAN-YING. EXCITON RECOMBINATION DYNAMICS IN CdTe/CdZnTe QUANTUM WELLS. Acta Physica Sinica, 1999, 48(1): 180-185. doi: 10.7498/aps.48.180
[19]	HUANG XIN-TANG, QI SHOU-REN, LI YONG-PING, ZHANG HAI-FENG, WANG CHANG-SUI. STUDIES ON THE STM SPACTRUM INTERPRETATION OF N ADSORBATE'S SYSTEM WITH THE METHOD OF EXCITON DYNAMICS. Acta Physica Sinica, 1995, 44(12): 1969-1976. doi: 10.7498/aps.44.1969
[20]	HUANG HONG-BIN. TWO-EXCITON SQUEEZED STATES AND ITS RECOMBINATION RADIATION IN SEMICONDUCTOR. Acta Physica Sinica, 1990, 39(12): 1970-1981. doi: 10.7498/aps.39.1970

Catalog

Vol. 71, Issue 6 - 2022-03-20

Metrics

Abstract views: 9897
PDF Downloads: 386
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板