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Metasurfaces have attracted extensive attention due to their powerful functions, especially the manipulation of the polarization state of electromagnetic wave in many different areas, which have aroused a lot of research interest. In this work, a broadband transmission polarization converter based on V-shaped element array in terahertz band is designed and analyzed, which consists of grating-V-shaped metasurface-grating. The top layer and bottom layer form a pair of crossed gratings, and the middle layer is a V-shaped metasurface, and the layers are separated by polyimide. The structure parameters of the polarization converter are optimized by CST microwave studio, changes of which can result in narrow band or low transmission. Cross-polarization transmission rate and polarization conversion rate can reach more than 80% and 99%, respectively, in a frequency range from 0.35 THz to 1.11 THz. By studying the electric field distribution in the substrate under the V-shaped metasurface , it is found that the real part of the cross-polarization electric field between adjacent V-shaped metasurfaces presents similar values in a frequency range from 0.35 THz to 1.11 THz, resulting in high cross-polarization transmission. However, the real part of the cross-polarization electric field between adjacent V-shaped metasurfaces presents opposite values, resulting in low cross-polarization transmission at 1.40 THz. At the same time, the responses of the single layer structure of the V-shaped array and the bi-layer structure of the grating placed behind the V-shaped array to vertically incident x-polarized terahertz waves are investigated respectively, and the results show that the single-layer V-shaped array can convert part of linearly polarized incident light into cross-polarization light, however, in the bi-layer structure, Fabry-Perot cavity is formed between the V-shaped array and the grating, and the cross polarization transmission increases. This indicates that the V-shaped array provides the capability of polarization conversion, and the existence of the grating makes the F-P cavity inside the structure create the conditions for the back and forth reflection of terahertz waves. The combined action of the V-shaped metasurface and orthogonal grating results in a high polarization conversion rate.
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Keywords:
- V-shaped /
- transmission /
- polarization conversion
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图 1 (a) 透射式偏振转换器示意图; (b) V形结构示意图
Figure 1. (a) Diagram of transmission polarization converter; (b) diagram of V-shaped structure.
图 2 偏振转换器的 (a) 偏振转换率和 (b) 透射率
Figure 2. (a) Polarization conversion rate and (b) transmission of polarization converter.
图 3 (a) 偏振转换率和 (b) 交叉偏振透射率与
$ \theta $ 角的关系, 其中(a)中插图是$ \theta $ 角的定义Figure 3. (a) Polarization conversion rate and (b) cross polarization transmission with respect to
$ \theta $ . The illustration of Fig. (a) is the definition of$ \theta $ .
图 4 入射太赫兹波的偏振方向沿着
$ u $ ,$ v $ 轴 (a) 交叉偏振透射率, 插图是$ u $ ,$ v $ 轴的定义; (b) 同向偏振透射率; (c) 同向偏振透射相位差; (d) 交叉偏振透射相位差Figure 4. The polarization direction of the incident THz wave is along the
$ u $ ,$ v $ axis: (a) Transmission of cross-polarization, the insert is the definition of$ u $ ,$ v $ axis; (b) transmission of co-polarization; (c) phase difference of co-polarization; (d) phase difference of cross-polarization for electric field along$ u $ ,$ v $ axis.
图 5 (a) 0.78 THz频率处V形阵列层的表面电流分布; (b) 1.40 THz (左)和0.78 THz (右)频率处衬底的交叉偏振电场分布
Figure 5. (a) The distribution of surface current on the V-shaped array layer for 0.78 THz; (b) the distribution of cross-polarized electric field of the substrate layer for 1.40 THz (left) and 0.78 THz (right).
图 6 (a) 单层结构下太赫兹波的透射率; (b) 双层结构下太赫兹波的透射率
Figure 6. (a) Transmission of terahertz waves in single layer structure; (b) transmission of terahertz waves in bi-layer layer structure.
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[1] Dietlein C, Luukanen A, Popovi Z, Grossman E 2007 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 55 1804
Google Scholar
[2] Zhu W, Jiang M, Guan H, Yu J, Lu H, Zhang J, Chen Z 2017 Photonics Res. 5 684
Google Scholar
[3] Monticone F, Valagiannopoulos C A, Alù A 2016 Phys. Rev. X 6 041018
Google Scholar
[4] Yin X, Ye Z, Rho J, Wang Y, Zhang X 2013 Science 339 1405
Google Scholar
[5] Rajaram M, Rajamani A 2021 J. Supercond. Novel Magn. 34 1185
Google Scholar
[6] Zhang Z, Qin F, Xu Y, Fu S, Wang Y, Qin Y 2021 Photonics Res. 9 1592
Google Scholar
[7] Fang N, Lee H, Sun C, Zhang X 2005 Science 308 534
Google Scholar
[8] Stoja E, Konstandin S, Philipp D, Wilke R N, Betancourt D, Bertuch T, Jenne J, Umathum R, Gunther M 2021 Sci. Rep. 11 16179
Google Scholar
[9] Lee S H, Shin S, Roh Y, Oh S J, Lee S H, Song H S, Ryu Y S, Kim Y K, Seo M 2020 Biosens. Bioelectron. 170 112663
Google Scholar
[10] Engay E, Huo D, Malureanu R, Bunea A I, Lavrinenko A 2021 Nano Lett. 21 3820
Google Scholar
[11] Slobozhanyuk A P, Shchelokova A V, Kozachenko A V, et al. 2021 Phys. Rev. Appl. 16 L021002
Google Scholar
[12] Peng X Y, Wang B, Lai S, Zhang D H, Teng J H 2012 Opt. Express 20 27756
Google Scholar
[13] Zhang N, Zhou P, Zhang L, Weng X, Xie J, Deng L 2015 Appl. Phys. B 118 409
Google Scholar
[14] Ra’di Y, Simovski C R, Tretyakov S A 2015 Phys. Rev. Appl. 3 037001
Google Scholar
[15] Yin J Y, Wan X, Zhang Q, Cui T J 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 12476
Google Scholar
[16] Chen H, Wang J, Ma H, Qu S, Xu Z, Zhang A, Yan M, Li Y 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 115 154504
Google Scholar
[17] Han B, Li S, Cao X, Han J, Jidi L, Li Y 2020 AIP Adv. 10 125025
Google Scholar
[18] Chaudhary P, Kumar A, Kumar P, Kanaujia B K, Birwal A 2020 Int. J. Electron. 108 411
Google Scholar
[19] Wu L, Yang Z, Cheng Y, Gong R, Zhao M, Zheng Y, Duan J A, Yuan X 2014 Appl. Phys. A 116 643
Google Scholar
[20] Liu W, Chen S, Li Z, Cheng H, Yu P, Li J, Tian J 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 3185
Google Scholar
[21] Zhang Y, Yang L, Li X K, Wang Y L, Huang C P 2020 J. Opt. 22 305101
Google Scholar
[22] Kamal B, Chen J, Yingzeng Y, Ren J, Ullah S, Khan W U R 2021 Opt. Mater. Express 11 1343
Google Scholar
[23] Liu Z, Zhao B, Jiao C, Zhao L, Han X 2021 Appl. Phys. A 127 825
Google Scholar
[24] Yin B, Ma Y 2021 Opt. Commun. 493 126996
Google Scholar
[25] Huang X, Xiao B, Yang D, Yang H 2015 Opt. Commun. 338 416
Google Scholar
[26] Fan R H, Zhou Y, Ren X P, Peng R W, Jiang S C, Xu D H, Xiong X, Huang X R, Wang M 2015 Adv. Mater. 27 1201
Google Scholar
[27] Grady N K, Heyes J E, Chowdhury D R, Zeng Y, Reiten M T, Azad A K, Taylor A J, Dalvit D A, Chen H T 2013 Science 340 1304
Google Scholar
[28] Xiao Z Y, Liu D J, Ma X L, Wang Z H 2015 Opt. Express 23 7053
Google Scholar
[29] Chiang Y J, Yen T J 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 011129
Google Scholar
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