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Blue laser with high power and high beam quality has many applications such as in laser display, underwater communication and imaging, and non-ferrous metal processing. Optically pumped external-cavity surface-emitting laser combines the advantages of both surface-emitting semiconductor lasers and solid-state disk lasers, and can produce high output power and good beam quality simultaneously. Its high intracavity circulating power is more conducive to intracavity frequency doubling, achieving high-power and high beam quality blue light through fundamental laser in the near-infrared waveband. This paper reports an efficient intracavity frequency doubled 490 nm high power blue light by using a 980 nm fundamental laser in an external-cavity surface-emitting laser. The V-type resonant cavity is formed by the high reflectivity distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) at the bottom of gain chip, a folded flat concave mirror (high reflectivity coated for 980 nm and anti-reflectivity coated for 490 nm), and a flat concave end mirror (high reflectivity coated for 980 nm and 490 nm). By inserting a nonlinear crystal LBO into the cavity at the beam waist formed by the folded mirror and end mirror, and employing a birefringent filter (BRF) to polarize the fundamental laser and narrow the linewidth of the laser, a high power and high beam quality blue laser with high conversion efficiency is obtained. The effects of different factors including the length of nonlinear crystal, the linewidth of fundamental laser, and the compensation of walk off angle on the output power of the blue laser are studied experimentally. The length of the nonlinear crystal is optimized based on the size of the fundamental laser beam waist at the position of the crystal in the resonant cavity. Under the type-I phase matching condition of LBO, over 6 W output power at 491 nm wavelength is obtained when the crystal length is 5 mm and the BRF thickness is 1 mm. The beam quality M2 factor in the x direction and the y direction are both 1.08, and the conversion efficiency of frequency doubling is 63%. The experimental results also show that symmetrically placed nonlinear crystals can compensate for the walk-off angle during frequency doubling to a certain extent, thereby clearly improving the conversion efficiency of the frequency doubled blue laser.
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Keywords:
- intracavity frequency-doubled /
- external-cavity surface-emitting blue laser /
- type-I phase matching /
- compensation of walk off angle
[1] 高伟男, 许祖彦, 毕勇, 袁园 2020 中国工程科学 22 85
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Ma J, Zhu X L, Lu T T, Ma H D 2022 Acta Opt. Sin. 42 1714002
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[4] 顾波 2021 金属加工(热加工) 834 1
Gu B 2021 MW Metal Forming 834 1
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Wang H Z, Wu Y, Wang H W 2021 Chin. J. Nonferrous Metals 31 3059
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Wang Y K, Zhen Z M, Long H, Mei Y, Zhang B P 2022 Acta Photon. Sin. 51 39
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Wang K, Han J L, Liang J H, Shan X N, Wang L J 2023 Chin. J. Lasers 50 62
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图 1 (a)倍频蓝光VECSEL的光路图及增益芯片的外延结构简图; (b)倍频蓝光的实物装置图
Figure 1. (a) Schematics of the frequency-doubled blue VECSEL and the sketch of the epitaxial structure of the gain chip; (b) setup of the frequency-doubled blue VECSEL.
图 2 DBR的反射谱及其荧光特性图
Figure 2. Reflectivity of DBR and the photoluminescence of the gain chip.
图 3 不同LBO长度对应倍频激光输出功率曲线图. 左上插图为蓝光光束质量M2因子, 右下插图是倍频蓝光的光谱
Figure 3. Blue output powers of the lasers with different LBO length. The insert in top left is the M2 factor and the insert in low right is the spectrum of the blue laser.
图 4 不同BRF厚度对应的倍频蓝光输出功率曲线图. 插图为不同厚度BRF对应的基频激光线宽
Figure 4. Blue output powers of the lasers with different BRF thickness. The insert is the linewidth of the fundamental laser with different BRF thickness.
图 5 10 mm LBO与5 mm + 5 mm LBO对应的倍频蓝光输出功率曲线图. 插图为走离角及其补偿示意图
Figure 5. Blue output powers of the lasers with 10 mm length LBO and 5 mm + 5 mm length LBO. The insert is the schematics of walk-off angle and its compensation.
图 6 基频VECSEL与倍频蓝光VECSEL功率对比曲线
Figure 6. Output powers of the fundamental VECSEL versus the frequency doubled VECSEL.
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[1] 高伟男, 许祖彦, 毕勇, 袁园 2020 中国工程科学 22 85
Google Scholar
Gao W N, Xu Z Y, Bi Y, Yuan Y 2020 Strategic Study of CAE 22 85
Google Scholar
[2] 马剑, 朱小磊, 陆婷婷, 马浩达 2022 光学学报 42 1714002
Ma J, Zhu X L, Lu T T, Ma H D 2022 Acta Opt. Sin. 42 1714002
[3] 杨永强, 温娅玲, 王迪, 周恒, 牛增强, 卢同杰 2022 焊接学报 43 80
Google Scholar
Yang Y Q, Wen Y L, Wang D, Zhou H, Niu Z Q, Lu T J 2022 T. China Welding Instit. 43 80
Google Scholar
[4] 顾波 2021 金属加工(热加工) 834 1
Gu B 2021 MW Metal Forming 834 1
[5] 王洪泽, 吴一, 王浩伟 2021 中国有色金属学报 31 3059
Google Scholar
Wang H Z, Wu Y, Wang H W 2021 Chin. J. Nonferrous Metals 31 3059
Google Scholar
[6] 高静, 于欣, 张文平, 彭江波, 于俊华, 王月珠 2007 光学技术 33 430
Google Scholar
Gao J, Yu X, Zhang W P, Peng J B, Yu J H, Wang Y Z 2007 Opt. Tech. 33 430
Google Scholar
[7] 杨天瑞, 徐欢, 梅洋, 许荣彬, 张保平, 应磊莹 2020 中国激光 47 151
Yang T R, Xu H, Mei Y, Xu R B, Zhang B P, Ying L Y 2020 Chin. J. Lasers 47 151
[8] 王玉坤, 郑重明, 龙浩, 梅洋, 张保平 2022 光子学报 51 39
Wang Y K, Zhen Z M, Long H, Mei Y, Zhang B P 2022 Acta Photon. Sin. 51 39
[9] 王渴, 韩金樑, 梁金华, 单肖楠, 王立军 2023 中国激光 50 62
Wang K, Han J L, Liang J H, Shan X N, Wang L J 2023 Chin. J. Lasers 50 62
[10] Kozlovsky W J, Lenth W, Latta E E, Moser A, Bona G L 1990 Appl. Phys. Lett. 56 2291
Google Scholar
[11] Ye Z, Lou Q, Dong J, Wei Y, Lin L 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 73
Google Scholar
[12] 董景星, 楼祺洪, 成序三, 凌磊, 魏运荣, 叶震寰, 周军 2006 光学学报 26 567
Google Scholar
Dong J X, Lou Q H, Cheng X S, Ling L, Wei Y R, Ye Z H, Zhou J 2006 Acta Opt. Sin. 26 567
Google Scholar
[13] 王旭葆, 丁鹏, 左铁钏 2008 红外与激光工程 S3 48
Wang X B, Ding P, Zuo T X 2008 Infrared Laser Eng. S3 48
[14] Rahimi-Iman A 2016 J. Optics-UK 18 093003
Google Scholar
[15] Guina M, Rantamäki A, Härkönen A 2017 J. Phy. D Appl. Phys. 50 383001
Google Scholar
[16] Raymond T D, Alford W J, Crawford M H, Allerman A A 1999 Opt. Lett. 24 1127
Google Scholar
[17] Fan L, Hsu T C, Fallahi M, Murray J T, Bedford R, Kaneda Y, Stolz W 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 251117
Google Scholar
[18] Kim G B, Kim J Y, Lee J, Yoo J, Kim K S, Lee S M, Park Y 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 181106
Google Scholar
[19] Tinsley J N, Bandarupally S, Penttinen J P, Manzoor S, Ranta S, Salvi L, Poli N 2021 Opt. Express 29 25462
Google Scholar
[20] Hein A, Demaria F, Kern A, Menzel S, Rinaldi F, Rösch R, Unger P 2010 IEEE Photonic. Tech. L. 23 179
[21] Casel O, Woll D, Tremont M A, Fuchs H, Wallenstein R, Gerster E, Weyers M 2005 Appl. Phys. B-Lasers O. 81 443
Google Scholar
[22] Gray A C, Woods J R, Carpenter L G, Kahle H, Berry S A, Tropper A C, Gawith C B 2020 Appl. Opt. 59 4921
Google Scholar
[23] Chilla J L, Butterworth S D, Zeitschel A, Charles J P, Caprara A L, Reed M K, Spinelli L 2004 Solid State Lasers XIII:Technology and Devices 5332 143
Google Scholar
[24] Boyd G D, Ashkin A, Dziedzic J M, Kleinman D A 1965 Phys. Rev. 137 A1305
Google Scholar
[25] Zondy J J, Bonnin C, Lupinski D 2003 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20 1695
Google Scholar
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