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The time-periodic electroosmotic flow of a class of incompressible micropolar fluid in a parallel plate microchannel under high wall Zeta potential is studied in this work. Without using the Debye-Hückel linear approximation, the finite difference method is used to numerically solve the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation, the continuity equation, momentum equation, angular momentum equation, and constitutive equation of incompressible micropolar fluid. In the case of low Zeta potential, the results are compared with the analytical solution obtained in the Debye-Hückel linear approximation, and the feasibility of the numerical method is also proved. The influences of dimensionless parameters, such as electric width
$ m $ , electric oscillation frequency$ \varOmega $ , and micro-polarity parameter$ {k_1} $ on the velocity and microrotation effect of incompressible micro-polarity fluid under high Zeta potential are discussed. The results are shown below. 1) With the increase of Zeta potential, the velocity, micro-rotation, volume flow, micro-rotation strength and shear stress of the micropolar fluid all increase, indicating that compared with the low Zeta potential, the high Zeta potential has a significant promotion effect on the electroosmotic flow of the micropolar fluid. 2) Under high Zeta potential, with the increase of the micro-polarity parameter, the velocity of the micropolar fluid decreases, and the micro-rotation effect shows a first-increasing-and-then-decreasing trend. 3) Under high Zeta potential, when the electric oscillation frequency is lower (less than 1), the increase of the electric width promotes the flow of the micropolar fluid, but impedes its micro-rotation; when the electric oscillation frequency is higher (greater than 1), the increase of the electric width impedes the flow and micro-rotation of the micropolar fluid, but expedites rapid increase of the volume flow rate and tends to be constant. 4) Under high Zeta potential, when the electric oscillation frequency is lower (less than 1), the electroosmotic flow velocity and micro-rotation of the micropolar fluid show an obvious oscillation trend with the change of the electric oscillation frequency, but the peak value of the velocity and micro-rotation, the volume flow rate and the micro-rotation intensity remain unchanged; when the electric oscillation frequency is higher (greater than 1), with the increase of the electric oscillation frequency, the amplitude of micropolar fluid electroosmotic flow velocity and the amplitude of microrotation decrease, and also the volume flow and microrotation intensity decrease until they reach zero. 5) Under high Zeta potential, the amplitude of wall shear stress$ {\sigma _{21}} $ and$ {\sigma _{12}} $ increase with the electric width increasing; when the electric oscillation frequency is lower (less than 1), the wall shear stress$ {\sigma _{21}} $ and$ {\sigma _{12}} $ do not change with the increase of the electric oscillation frequency, and the amplitude of the wall shear stress$ {\sigma _{21}} $ is not affected by the value of the micro-polarity parameter; when the electric oscillation frequency is higher (greater than 1), the amplitude of wall shear stress$ {\sigma _{21}} $ and$ {\sigma _{12}} $ decrease with the increase of the electric oscillation frequency, and the amplitude of wall shear stress$ {\sigma _{21}} $ decreases with the increase of the micro-polarity parameter, while the amplitude of wall shear stress$ {\sigma _{12}} $ decreases linearly with the increase of the micro-polarity parameter.-
Keywords:
- micropolar fluid /
- high Zeta potential /
- electroosmotic flow /
- parallel plate microchannel /
- finite difference method
[1] Osuga T, Sakamoto H, Takagi T 1996 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 65 1854
Google Scholar
[2] Polevoi V V, Bilova T E, Shevtsov Y I 2003 Biol. Bull 30 133
Google Scholar
[3] Dem'yanov A Y, Dinariev O Y, Sharaborin E L 2020 Russ. Phys. J. 63 113
Google Scholar
[4] Masuduzzaman M, Kim B H 2022 Langmuir 38 7244
Google Scholar
[5] Reuss F F 1809 Proc. Imp. Soc. Nat. Mos. 3 327
[6] Patankar N A, Hu H H 1998 Anal. Chem. 70 1870
Google Scholar
[7] Gleeson J P 2002 J. Colloid Interface Sci. 249 217
Google Scholar
[8] Fu L M, Lin J Y, Yang R J 2003 J. Colloid Interface Sci. 258 266
Google Scholar
[9] Stone H A, Stroock A D, Ajdari A 2004 Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 36 381
Google Scholar
[10] Park H M, Lee J S, Kim T W 2007 J. Colloid Interface Sci. 315 731
Google Scholar
[11] Jian Y J, Yang L G, Liu Q S 2010 Phys. Fluids 22 042001
Google Scholar
[12] Yoshida H 2016 Comput. Fluids 124 237
Google Scholar
[13] Nosrati R, Hadigol M, Raisee M 2010 Colloids Surface 372 190
Google Scholar
[14] Wang S, Zhao M, Li X, Wei S 2015 J. Appl. Fluid Mech. 8 323
Google Scholar
[15] Wang S W, Li N, Zhao M L, Azese M N 2018 Z. Naturforsch. A 73 825
Google Scholar
[16] Malekanfard A, Ko C H, Li D, Bulloch L, Baldwin A, Wang Y N, Fu L M, Xuan X C 2019 Phys. Fluids 31 022002
Google Scholar
[17] Gul F, Maqbool K, Mann A B 2021 J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 3 2111
Google Scholar
[18] Mondal P K, Roy M 2021 Electrophoresis 42 2465
Google Scholar
[19] Alfwzan W F, Riaz A, Alammari M, Hejazi H A, EI-Din E T M 2023 Front. Phys. 11 112
Google Scholar
[20] Hoyt J W, Fabula A G 1964 The Effect of Additives on Fluid Friction (US Naval Ordinance Test Station Report
[21] Eringen A C 1966 J. Math. Mech. 16 1
Google Scholar
[22] Papautsky I, Brazzle J, Ameel T, Frazier A B 1999 Sensor. Actuat. A-Phys. 73 101
Google Scholar
[23] Ali N, Hayat T 2008 Comp. Math. Appl. 55 589
Google Scholar
[24] Siddiqui A A, Lakhtakia A 2009 P. Roy. Soc. A-Math. Phy. 465 501
Google Scholar
[25] Wang Y Q, Hayat Tasawar, Oberlack Martin 2011 Appl. Math. Mod. 35 3737
Google Scholar
[26] Misra J C, Chandra S, Shit G C, Kundu P K 2014 Appl. Math. Mech. 35 749
Google Scholar
[27] Ding Z D, Jian Y J, Yang L G 2016 Appl. Math. Mech. 37 769
Google Scholar
[28] Ding Z D, Jian Y J, Wang L, Yang L G 2017 Phys. Fluids 29 082008
Google Scholar
[29] Chaube M K, Yadav A, Tripathi D, Beg O A 2018 Korea-Aust. Rheol. J. 30 89
Google Scholar
[30] Huang H F, Huang K H 2019 Meccanica 54 2151
Google Scholar
[31] Rana S, Nawaz M, Saleem S, Alharbi S O 2020 Phys. Scr. 95 045201
Google Scholar
[32] Zhu W Y 2021 Adv. Geo-Energy. Res. 5 465
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[34] Jaiswal S, Yadav P K 2022 Microfluid Nanofluid. 26 100
Google Scholar
[35] Narla V K, Tripathi, Dharmendra, Bhandari D S 2022 Int. J. Ambient. Eng. 43 8193
Google Scholar
[36] Fatunmbi E O, Adeosun A T, Okoya S S 2023 Int. J. Modell. Simul. 43 491
Google Scholar
[37] Rauf A, Sahar N, Siddiq M K, Mustafa F, Mushtaq T, Shehzad S A 2023 Chin. J. Phys. 83 147
Google Scholar
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图 1 物理问题示意图
Figure 1. Physical problem diagram.
图 2 低Zeta势下电势方程BVP4c所得解、有限差分法的数值解与D-H近似解析解对比图, 其中$ {\psi _0} = 1, \; $$ \beta = 1, m = 5 $
Figure 2. Comparison of solution of BVP4c, numerical solution of finite difference method and approximate analytical solution of D-H for potential equation at low Zeta potential, where $ {\psi _0} = 1, {\text{ }}\beta = 1, {\text{ }}m = 5 $
图 3 低Zeta势下速度方程有限差分法数值解与D-H近似解析解对比图, 其中$ m = 5, {k_1} = 0.5, \beta = 1, $ $\varOmega = 0.251, $$ {\psi _0} = 1 $
Figure 3. Comparison of numerical solution of finite difference method and approximate analytical solution of D-H for velocity equation at low Zeta potential, where $ m = 5, $$ {k_1} = 0.5, \beta = 1, \varOmega = 0.251, {\psi _0} = 1 $.
图 4 低Zeta势下微旋转方程有限差分法数值解与D-H近似解析解对比图, 其中$ m = 5,\; {k_1} = 0.5, \;\beta = 1, $$ \varOmega = 0.251, {\psi _0} = 1 $
Figure 4. Comparison of numerical solution of finite difference method and approximate analytical solution of D-H for microrotation equation at low Zeta potential, where $ m = 5, {k_1} = 0.5, \beta = 1, \varOmega = 0.251, {\psi _0} = 1 $.
图 5 不同Zeta势和$ {k_1} $下无量纲速度分布, 其中$ m = 10, \beta = 1, {\text{ }}\varOmega = 0.251 $ $ ({\text{a}}){\text{ }}{k_1} = 0.5 $; $ ({\text{b}}){\text{ }}{\psi _0} = 2 $
Figure 5. Dimensionless velocity distribution for different Zeta potentials and $ {k_1} $, where $ m = 10, {\text{ }}\beta = 1, {\text{ }}\varOmega = 0.251 $: $ ({\text{a}}){\text{ }}{k_1} = 0.5 $; $ ({\text{b}}){\text{ }}{\psi _0} = 2 $.
图 6 不同m和$ \varOmega $下无量纲速度分布, 其中$ {\psi _0} = 2, {\text{ }}{k_1} = 0.5, {\text{ }}\beta = 1 $ (a) $ \varOmega $= 0.251; (b) $ \varOmega $= 0.5; (c) $ \varOmega $= 25.1; (d) $ \varOmega $= 251
Figure 6. Dimensionless velocity distribution for different m and $ \varOmega $, where $ {\psi _0} = 2, {\text{ }}{k_1} = 0.5, {\text{ }}\beta = 1 $: (a) $ \varOmega $=0.251; (b) $ \varOmega $=0.5; (c) $ \varOmega $=25.1; (d) $ \varOmega $=251.
图 7 不同Zeta势和$ {k_1} $下无量纲微旋转分布, 其中$ m = 10, {\text{ }}\beta = 1, {\text{ }}\varOmega = 0.251 $ (a) $ {k_1} = 0.5 $; $ ({\text{b}}){\text{ }}{\psi _0} = 2 $
Figure 7. Dimensionless micro-rotating profiles distribution for different Zeta potentials and $ {k_1} $, where $ m = 10, {\text{ }}\beta = 1, {\text{ }}\varOmega = 0.251 $: (a) $ {k_1} = 0.5 $; $ ({\text{b}}){\text{ }}{\psi _0} = 2 $.
图 8 不同m和$ \varOmega $下无量纲微旋转分布, 其中$ {\psi _0} = 2, {\text{ }}{k_1} = 0.5, {\text{ }}\beta = 1 $ (a) $ \varOmega $=0.251; (b) $ \varOmega $=0.5; (c) $ \varOmega $=25.1; (d) $ \varOmega $=251
Figure 8. Dimensionless micro-rotation distribution under different m and $ \varOmega $, where $ {\psi _0} = 2, {\text{ }}{k_1} = 0.5, {\text{ }}\beta = 1 $: (a) $ \varOmega $=0.251; (b) $ \varOmega $=0.5; (c) $ \varOmega $=25.1; (d) $ \varOmega $=251.
图 9 不同Zeta势下$ {Q_0} $的变化, 其中$ \varOmega = 0.251, \beta = 1 $ (a) $ {k_1} = 0.5 $; (b) m = 50
Figure 9. Change of $ {Q_0} $ under different Zeta potentials, where $ \varOmega = 0.251, \beta = 1 $: (a) $ {k_1} = 0.5 $; (b) m = 50.
图 10 不同$ {k_1} $和$ \varOmega $下无量纲体积流量振幅与m和$ {k_1} $的关系, 其中$ {\psi _0} = 2, \beta = 1 $ (a) $ \varOmega $=0.251; (b) $ {k_1} $=0.5
Figure 10. Dependence of amplitude of normalized volume flow rate on m and $ {k_1} $for different $ {k_1} $ and $ \varOmega $, where $ {\psi _0} = 2, \beta = 1 $: (a) $ \varOmega $=0.251; (b) $ {k_1} $=0.5.
图 11 不同Zeta势下$ {W_0} $的变化, 其中$ m = 10, \beta = 1 $ (a) $ \varOmega $=0.251; (b) $ {k_1} $=0.5
Figure 11. Change of $ {W_0} $ under different Zeta potentials, where $ m = 10, \beta = 1 $: (a) $ \varOmega $=0.251; (b) $ {k_1} $=0.5.
图 12 不同$ m $下无量纲微旋转强度振幅与$ \varOmega $和$ {k_1} $的关系, 其中$ {\psi _0} = 2, \beta = 1 $ (a) $ \varOmega $=0.251; (b) $ {k_1} $=0.5
Figure 12. Amplitude of dimensionless microrotation strength on $ \varOmega $ and $ {k_1} $ for different $ m $, where $ {\psi _0} = 2, \beta = 1 $: (a) $ \varOmega $=0.251; (b) $ {k_1} $=0.5.
图 13 不同Zeta势下$ {\sigma _{21}} $(a)和$ {\sigma _{12}} $(b)的变化, 其中$ m = 50, \beta = 1, \varOmega = 0.251 $
Figure 13. Change of $ {\sigma _{21}} $ (a) and $ {\sigma _{12}} $ (b) under different Zeta potentials, where $ m = 50, \beta = 1, \varOmega = 0.251 $.
图 14 不同m和$ {k_1} $下壁面剪切应力$ {\sigma _{21}} $与$ {k_1} $和$ \varOmega $的关系, 其中$ {\psi _0} = 2, \beta = 1 $ (a) $ \varOmega $=0.251; (b) m = 10
Figure 14. Relationship between wall shear stress $ {\sigma _{21}} $and $ {k_1} $ and $ \varOmega $ under different m and $ {k_1} $, where $ {\psi _0} = 2, \beta = 1 $: (a) $ \varOmega $= 0.251; (b) m = 10.
图 15 不同m和$ {k_1} $下壁面剪切应力$ {\sigma _{12}} $与$ {k_1} $和$ \varOmega $的关系, 其中$ {\psi _0} = 2, \beta = 1 $ (a) $ \varOmega $=0.251; (b) m = 10
Figure 15. Relationship between wall shear stress $ {\sigma _{12}} $and $ {k_1} $ and $ \varOmega $ under different m and $ {k_1} $, where $ {\psi _0} = 2, \beta = 1 $: (a) $ \varOmega $=0.251; (b) m = 10.
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[1] Osuga T, Sakamoto H, Takagi T 1996 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 65 1854
Google Scholar
[2] Polevoi V V, Bilova T E, Shevtsov Y I 2003 Biol. Bull 30 133
Google Scholar
[3] Dem'yanov A Y, Dinariev O Y, Sharaborin E L 2020 Russ. Phys. J. 63 113
Google Scholar
[4] Masuduzzaman M, Kim B H 2022 Langmuir 38 7244
Google Scholar
[5] Reuss F F 1809 Proc. Imp. Soc. Nat. Mos. 3 327
[6] Patankar N A, Hu H H 1998 Anal. Chem. 70 1870
Google Scholar
[7] Gleeson J P 2002 J. Colloid Interface Sci. 249 217
Google Scholar
[8] Fu L M, Lin J Y, Yang R J 2003 J. Colloid Interface Sci. 258 266
Google Scholar
[9] Stone H A, Stroock A D, Ajdari A 2004 Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 36 381
Google Scholar
[10] Park H M, Lee J S, Kim T W 2007 J. Colloid Interface Sci. 315 731
Google Scholar
[11] Jian Y J, Yang L G, Liu Q S 2010 Phys. Fluids 22 042001
Google Scholar
[12] Yoshida H 2016 Comput. Fluids 124 237
Google Scholar
[13] Nosrati R, Hadigol M, Raisee M 2010 Colloids Surface 372 190
Google Scholar
[14] Wang S, Zhao M, Li X, Wei S 2015 J. Appl. Fluid Mech. 8 323
Google Scholar
[15] Wang S W, Li N, Zhao M L, Azese M N 2018 Z. Naturforsch. A 73 825
Google Scholar
[16] Malekanfard A, Ko C H, Li D, Bulloch L, Baldwin A, Wang Y N, Fu L M, Xuan X C 2019 Phys. Fluids 31 022002
Google Scholar
[17] Gul F, Maqbool K, Mann A B 2021 J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 3 2111
Google Scholar
[18] Mondal P K, Roy M 2021 Electrophoresis 42 2465
Google Scholar
[19] Alfwzan W F, Riaz A, Alammari M, Hejazi H A, EI-Din E T M 2023 Front. Phys. 11 112
Google Scholar
[20] Hoyt J W, Fabula A G 1964 The Effect of Additives on Fluid Friction (US Naval Ordinance Test Station Report
[21] Eringen A C 1966 J. Math. Mech. 16 1
Google Scholar
[22] Papautsky I, Brazzle J, Ameel T, Frazier A B 1999 Sensor. Actuat. A-Phys. 73 101
Google Scholar
[23] Ali N, Hayat T 2008 Comp. Math. Appl. 55 589
Google Scholar
[24] Siddiqui A A, Lakhtakia A 2009 P. Roy. Soc. A-Math. Phy. 465 501
Google Scholar
[25] Wang Y Q, Hayat Tasawar, Oberlack Martin 2011 Appl. Math. Mod. 35 3737
Google Scholar
[26] Misra J C, Chandra S, Shit G C, Kundu P K 2014 Appl. Math. Mech. 35 749
Google Scholar
[27] Ding Z D, Jian Y J, Yang L G 2016 Appl. Math. Mech. 37 769
Google Scholar
[28] Ding Z D, Jian Y J, Wang L, Yang L G 2017 Phys. Fluids 29 082008
Google Scholar
[29] Chaube M K, Yadav A, Tripathi D, Beg O A 2018 Korea-Aust. Rheol. J. 30 89
Google Scholar
[30] Huang H F, Huang K H 2019 Meccanica 54 2151
Google Scholar
[31] Rana S, Nawaz M, Saleem S, Alharbi S O 2020 Phys. Scr. 95 045201
Google Scholar
[32] Zhu W Y 2021 Adv. Geo-Energy. Res. 5 465
Google Scholar
[33] Karampour F, Poshtiri A H, Hadizade A 2022 J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 44 198
Google Scholar
[34] Jaiswal S, Yadav P K 2022 Microfluid Nanofluid. 26 100
Google Scholar
[35] Narla V K, Tripathi, Dharmendra, Bhandari D S 2022 Int. J. Ambient. Eng. 43 8193
Google Scholar
[36] Fatunmbi E O, Adeosun A T, Okoya S S 2023 Int. J. Modell. Simul. 43 491
Google Scholar
[37] Rauf A, Sahar N, Siddiq M K, Mustafa F, Mushtaq T, Shehzad S A 2023 Chin. J. Phys. 83 147
Google Scholar
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