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In recent years, electrochromic materials have been extensively utilized in smart windows, displays, and dimmable devices. WO3 has garnered significant attention as a typical electrochromic material. Existing research indicates that the concentration and distribution of oxygen vacancies in WO3 is a crucial factor in determining electrochromic effect. However, traditional preparation methods such as annealing is reported to result in considerable reduction in modulation capacity of crystallinity and optical performance. Hence, proposing a novel approach to enhance the electrochromic properties of WO3 films holds important research significance and application prospects. Here in this paper, the electrochromic properties of WO3 thin films is enhanced by increasing the oxygen vacancy concentration as well as forming its gradient distribution on the surface through plasma treatment. Firstly, the oxygen vacancy concentration and distribution of the film are optimized by regulating the power and duration of the plasma treatment. Subsequently, the structure and optical properties of the plasma treated WO3 films are analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Finally, the stability and response speed of the films during the electrochromic cycle are evaluated via electrochemical tests. Through plasma treatment, the concentration of oxygen vacancies on the surface of WO3 films is significantly increased, and a gradient distribution is formed, which is conducive to enhancing the injection and extraction ability of electrons. The treated WO3 films demonstrate better electrochemical stability and chromic stability during the electrochromic cycle, and the transparency and electrochromic response speed are also significantly enhanced. Additionally, by increasing the concentration of oxygen vacancies through plasma treatment, the band gap of the film decreases and the electrical conductivity increases, which further validates the effectiveness of modulating concentration of oxygen vacancies on the electrical conductivity of WO3 films. Generally, the results indicate that plasma treatment as an emerging approach to significantly improve the electrochromic properties of WO3 films.
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Keywords:
- WO3 /
- Oxygen vacancy /
- Plasma /
- Electrochromism
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