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The Rydberg-based microwave detection is an all-optical technology that uses the strong coherent interaction between Rydberg atoms and microwave field. Different from the traditional microwave meter, the Rydberg atomic sensing is a new-type microwave detector that transforms the microwave spectrum into a coherent optical spectrum, and arouses increasingly the interests due to its high sensibility. For this kind of sensor, the coherence effect induced by coupling atoms with microwave plays a key role, and the decoherence may reduce the sensitivity. A multi-level Rydberg atomic scheme with optimized quantum coherence, which enhances both the bandwidth and the sensitivity for 4 GHz microwave sensing, is demonstrated experimentally in this work. The enhanced quantum coherence of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and microwave induced Autler-Townes(AT) splitting in EIT windows are shown using optical pumping at D1 line. The enhanced sensitivity at 3.4 GHz with 0.3 GHz bandwidth can be realized, based on the enhanced EIT-AT spectrum. The experimental results show that in the stepped Rydberg EIT system, the spectral width of EIT and microwave field EIT-AT can be narrowed by optical pumping(OP), so the sensitivity of microwave electric field measurement can be improved. After optimizing the EIT amplitude and adding single-frequency microwaves, the sensitivity of the microwave electric field measurement observed by the AT splitting interval is improved by 1.3 times. This work provides a reference for utilizing atomic microwave detection.
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Keywords:
- quantum coherence effect /
- Rydberg /
- microwave measurements /
- optical pumping
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图 1 里德伯原子微波测量实验 (a)里德伯133Cs原子能级图; (b)实验装置示意图
Figure 1. Rydberg atomic microwave measurement experiment: (a) Rydberg 133Cs atomic energy level diagram; (b) schematic diagram of the experimental setup.
图 2 微波探测实验结果 (a)四能级EIT-AT分裂谱; 黑线为微波与里德伯态共振耦合的EIT-AT谱(3.4 GHz), 红线和蓝线分别为微波频率发生红移或蓝移的耦合谱(3.276—3.516 GHz); (b)OP效应增强的EIT和EIT-AT谱; (c)不同再泵浦光频率失谐对EIT峰增强特性; (d)OP效应和无OP效应时EIT-AT谱宽的对比
Figure 2. Experimental results of microwave detection: (a) Four-level EIT-AT fission spectra; the black line is the EIT-AT spectrum (3.4 GHz) of microwave and Rydberg state resonance coupling, the red line and blue line are the coupling spectrum of microwave frequency with red shift or blue shift (3.276–3.516 GHz); (b) EIT and EIT-AT spectra with enhanced OP effect; (c) the enhancement characteristics of EIT peak by different repump optical frequency detuning; (d) the comparison of EIT-AT spectral width between OP effect and no OP effect.
图 3 不同微波频率失谐和微波功率对EIT-AT分裂谱的影响
Figure 3. Effects of different microwave frequencies and microwave power on EIT-AT splitting spectrum.
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