Enhancement mechanism of magnetic emission performance of PZT MFC/Metglas magnetoelectric composites by MoS<sub>2</sub>-modified adhesive layer

YOU Shiyue; QIN Zhi; MA Liang; SHI Dengcai; SHEN Jie; JIN Wei; ZHOU Jing

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20250482

Abstract

The magnetoelectric (ME) antenna based on the piezoelectric resonance principle can solve the problems of large size and high power consumption of traditional low-frequency electrical antennas. However, the acoustic impedance mismatch between the adhesive layer in the magnetoelectric composite and the piezoelectric and ferromagnetic phases significantly hinders the stress transfer in the magneto-mechanical-electric coupling process, ultimately limiting the magnetic radiation intensity of the magnetoelectric composite. To improve the magnetic emission performance of the PZT MFC/Metglas magnetoelectric composite, in this work, the two-dimensional filler MoS₂ is adopted to fill and modify the adhesive layer of the PZT MFC/Metglas magnetoelectric composite, aiming to improve the acoustic impedance match between the adhesive layer and the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic phases. The influence of the MoS₂ content on the magnetic emission intensity of the PZT MFC/Metglas magnetoelectric composite is systematically studied. The results show that when the filling weight percent of MoS₂ is 1%, the magnetic emission intensity of the PZT MFC/Metglas magnetoelectric composite can reach 331 μT under the optimal bias, which is 1.5 times higher than that of the magnetoelectric composite without MoS₂ filling. At a distance of 1 m, the magnetic emission intensity can reach 2.7 nT. The stress wave transfer mechanism in the electro-mechanical-magnetic coupling is discussed in conjunction with acoustic impedance matching theory. In addition, the amplitude shift keying modulation method demonstrates the lossless signal transmission capability of the magnetoelectric antenna composed of MoS₂-modified PZT MFC/Metglas magnetoelectric composite. This method of optimizing the interfacial adhesive layer is simple and effective to expand the magnetoelectric response by increasing the stress wave transfer efficiency. Meanwhile, it provides a feasible solution for communication systems such as low-frequency underwater communication, underground sensing, and distributed wireless networks.

Keywords:

PZT MFC/Metglas magnetoelectric composite /
magnetic emission intensity /
stress transfer /
acoustic impedance

Authors and contacts

1.
State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
2.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

Corresponding author: JIN Wei, jinwei@whut.edu.cn ; ZHOU Jing, zhoujing@whut.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation Innovation Research Team of Hainan Province, China (Grant No. 524CXTD431) and the Open Fund of Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, China (Grant Nos. 2024KF-04, 2024KF-14).

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References

[1]	崔勇, 吴明, 宋晓, 黄玉平, 贾琦, 陶云飞, 王琛 2020 物理学报 69 208401 Google Scholar Cui Y, Wu M, Song X, Huang Y P, Jia Q, Tao Y F, Wang C 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 208401 Google Scholar
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Cited By

图 1 MoS₂填充环氧树脂黏接层及磁电复合材料的制备流程图

Figure 1. Schematic of the preparation of MoS₂-filled epoxy adhesive layer and the synthesis process of the magnetoelectric (ME) composite.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 (a)不同MoS₂填充量黏接层的XRD图谱; (b)填充前后黏接层FT-IR光谱图; (c)不同MoS₂填充量黏接层的TGA曲线

Figure 2. (a) XRD patterns of the adhesive layers with different filling contents of MoS₂; (b) FT-IR spectrograms of the adhesive layer before and after filling; (c) thermogravimetric curves of the adhesive layers with different filling contents of MoS₂.

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图 3 不同MoS₂填充质量分数黏接层的断面SEM图像　(a) 0%; (b) 0.5%; (c) 1%; (d) 1.5%; (e) 2%

Figure 3. SEM of fracture surface of MoS₂/epoxy composite with different weight percent of MoS₂: (a) Pure epoxy; (b) 0.5%; (c) 1%; (d) 1.5%; (e) 2%.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 不同MoS₂填充量黏接层　(a)应力-应变曲线; (b)杨氏模量

Figure 4. Adhesive layers with different filling contents of MoS₂: (a) Stress-strain curves; (b) Young’s modulus

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 不同MoS₂填充量的黏接层　(a) DSC曲线; (b)储能模量曲线

Figure 5. Adhesive layers with different filling contents of MoS₂: (a) DSC curves; (b) storage modulus curves.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 不同质量分数的MoS₂填充磁电复合材料在不同偏置下的磁发射性能扫频曲线　(a)环氧树脂; (b) 0.5%; (c) 1%; (d) 1.5%; (e) 2%

Figure 6. Sweep frequency curves of the magnetic emission intensity of ME composite with different MoS₂ filling contents (weight percent) under different bias conditions: (a) Pure epoxy; (b) 0.5%; (c) 1%; (d) 1.5%; (e) 2%.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 (a)最佳偏置下不同MoS₂填充量的磁电复合材料扫频曲线; (b)最佳偏置下磁电复合材料的磁发射强度随MoS₂填充量的变化; (c)不同MoS₂填充量磁电复合材料在最佳偏置下的磁发射强度随电压的变化

Figure 7. (a) Sweep frequency curves of ME composites with different MoS₂ filling contents under optimal bias conditions; (b) variation of magnetic emission intensity of ME composite with different MoS₂ filling contents under optimal bias conditions; (c) variation of magnetic emission intensity of ME composite with voltage under optimal bias conditions.

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图 8 (a)黏接层杨氏模量随MoS₂填充量的变化; (b)黏接层密度随MoS₂填充量的变化; (c)黏接层声学阻抗随MoS₂填充量的变化

Figure 8. (a) Young’s modulus curves of the adhesive layers with different MoS₂ filling contents; (b) density curves of the adhesive layers with different MoS₂ filling contents; (c) acoustic impedance curves of the adhesive layers with different MoS₂ filling contents.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 最佳偏置下MoS₂填充前后磁电复合材料　(a)近场辐射特性; (b)磁场强度随实测距离的变化

Figure 9. Magnetoelectric composites before and after MoS₂ filling under the optimal bias: (a) Near-field radiation characteristics; (b) variation of the magnetic field intensity with the measured distance.

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图 10 (a)磁电复合材料调制测量装置的示意图; (b)通过ASK方法调制1 Hz比特流

Figure 10. (a) Schematic diagram of the measurement setup for digital data transmission; (b) 1 Hz bit stream modulated by ASK method.

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表 1 不同MoS₂填充量黏接层的密度、杨氏模量、声阻抗、声学透射系数

Table 1. Density, Young’s modulus, acoustic impedance, and acoustic transmission coefficient of adhesive layers with different filling contents.

Samples (epoxy/MoS₂)	Density /(g·cm^–3)	Young’s modulus /GPa	Z /MRayls	T
epoxy	1.26	3.01	1.95	0.077
0.5%	1.29	4.36	2.38	0.107
1%	1.32	5.56	2.70	0.132
1.5%	1.34	4.12	2.34	0.101
2%	1.35	2.70	1.90	0.074
PZT-5H	7.61	56	20.63
Metglas	7.82	100	27.93

DownLoad: CSV

表 2 本工作与已报道的磁电天线辐射性能比较

Table 2. Comparison of the radiation performance of this work with the reported ME antennas.

年份	材料体系	发射器体积/cm³	工作频率/kHz	辐射能力	单位体积辐射能力
2020^[23]	PZT	50.3	33.23	40 fT at 6 m	0.8 fT/cm³ @6 m
2022^[24]	PZT/Metglas	0.45	6.3	1 nT at 0.4 m	2.2 nT/cm³ @0.4 m
2023^[25]	PZT/Metglas	69	22.23	6 pT at 5.5 m	0.09 pT/cm³ @5.5 m
2020^[14]	PZT/Metglas	0.33	23.95	10 fT at 120 m	30 fT/cm³ @120 m
2023^[26]	PZT/Metglas	0.56	17.9	1 nT at 1.4 m	1.79 nT/cm³ @1.4 m
2024^[27]	PZT/Ni/Metglas	0.16	24.47	2.4 pT at 3 m	15 pT/cm³@3 m
本工作	PZT-5H/Metglas	0.07	12.51	2.7 nT at 1 m	38.6 nT/cm³ @1 m

DownLoad: CSV

[1]	崔勇, 吴明, 宋晓, 黄玉平, 贾琦, 陶云飞, 王琛 2020 物理学报 69 208401 Google Scholar Cui Y, Wu M, Song X, Huang Y P, Jia Q, Tao Y F, Wang C 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 208401 Google Scholar
[2]	Yang S, Geng J, Zhou H, Wang K, Zhao X, Lu J, Zhao R, Tang X, Zhang Y, Su D, Zhang A, Li H, Jin R 2023 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 71 2082 Google Scholar
[3]	杨娜娜, 陈轩, 汪尧进 2018 物理学报 67 157508 Google Scholar Yang N N, Chen X, Wang Y J 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 157508 Google Scholar
[4]	宋凯欣, 闵书刚, 高俊奇, 张双捷, 毛智能, 沈莹, 褚昭强 2022 物理学报 71 247502 Google Scholar Song K X, Min S G, Gao J Q, Zhang S J, Mao Z N, Shen Y, Chu Z Q 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 247502 Google Scholar
[5]	聂长文, 吴瀚舟, 王书豪, 蔡园园, 宋树, Sokolov Oleg, Bichurin, 汪尧进 2021 物理学报 70 247501 Google Scholar Nie C W, Wu H Z, Wang S H, Cai Y Y, Song S, Sokolov O, Bichurin M I, Wang Y J 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 247501 Google Scholar
[6]	Chu Z, Yu C, Dan W, Jiang S, Ren Y, Dong K, Dong S 2024 Appl. Phys. Lett. 124 072901 Google Scholar
[7]	Li W, Li D, Zhou K, Fu Q, Yuan X, Zhu X 2023 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 71 263 Google Scholar
[8]	Cheng Z, Zhou J, Wang B, Wu Q, Ma L, Qin Z, Shen J, Chen W, Peng W, Chang J, Ci P, Dong S 2024 Adv. Sci. 11 2403746 Google Scholar
[9]	Cui Y, Wang C, Song X, Wu M, Zhang Q, Yuan H, Yuan Z 2023 iScience 26 105832 Google Scholar
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[13]	Chang J, He Z, Xu S, Zheng X, Peng W, Ci P, Wang B, Zhang C, Dong S 2024 Adv. Mater. 36 2309159 Google Scholar
[14]	Dong C, He Y, Li M, Tu C, Chu Z, Liang X, Chen H, Wei Y, Zaeimbashi M, Wang X, Lin H, Gao Y, Sun N X 2020 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 19 398 Google Scholar
[15]	Silva M, Reis S, Lehmann C S, Martins P, Lanceros Mendez S, Lasheras A, Gutiérrez J, Barandiarán J M 2013 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5 10912 Google Scholar
[16]	Hwang G T, Palneedi H, Jung B M, Kwon S J, Peddigari M, Min Y, Kim J W, Ahn C W, Choi J J, Hahn B D, Choi J H, Yoon W H, Park D S, Lee S B, Choe Y, Kim K H, Ryu J 2018 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 32323 Google Scholar
[17]	Kim S H, Thakre A, Patil D R, Park S H, Listyawan T A, Park N, Hwang G T, Jang J, Kim K H, Ryu J 2021 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13 19983 Google Scholar
[18]	Wong C M, Chan S F, Wu W C, Suen C H, Yau H M, Wang D Y, Li S, Dai J Y 2021 Ultrasonics 116 106506 Google Scholar
[19]	Madeshwaran S R, Jayaganthan R, Velmurugan R, Gupta N K, Manzhirov A V 2018 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 991 012054 Google Scholar
[20]	Zhou J, Zhou J, Chen W, Tian J, Shen J, Zhang P 2022 Compos. Struct. 299 116019 Google Scholar
[21]	Liang J Z 2013 Composites Part B. 51 224 Google Scholar
[22]	Krautkrämer J, Krautkrämer H 2013 Ultrasonic Testing of Materials (New York: Springer Science & Business Media
[23]	Hassanien A E, Breen M, Li M H, Gong S 2020 Sci. Rep. 10 17006 Google Scholar
[24]	Hu L, Zhang Q, Wu H, You H, Jiao J, Luo H, Wang Y, Duan C, Gao A 2022 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 34 414002 Google Scholar
[25]	Du Y, Xu Y, Wu J, Qiao J, Wang Z, Hu Z, Jiang Z, Liu M 2023 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 71 2167 Google Scholar
[26]	Fu S, Cheng J, Jiang T, Wu H, Fang Z, Jiao J, Sokolov O, Ivanov S, Bichurin M, Wang Y 2023 Appl. Phys. Lett. 122 262901 Google Scholar
[27]	Leung C M, Zheng H, Yang J, Wang T, Wang F 2024 Sensors 24 694 Google Scholar

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Enhancement mechanism of magnetic emission performance of PZT MFC/Metglas magnetoelectric composites by MoS₂-modified adhesive layer

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Corresponding author: JIN Wei, jinwei@whut.edu.cn ; ZHOU Jing, zhoujing@whut.edu.cn

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Enhancement mechanism of magnetic emission performance of PZT MFC/Metglas magnetoelectric composites by MoS2-modified adhesive layer

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Corresponding author: JIN Wei, jinwei@whut.edu.cn ; ZHOU Jing, zhoujing@whut.edu.cn

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Enhancement mechanism of magnetic emission performance of PZT MFC/Metglas magnetoelectric composites by MoS₂-modified adhesive layer