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宏微观磁响应广泛应用于磁性材料应力无损检测中, 其主要原理是磁畴在应力作用下其磁畴模式和磁畴动态行为会发生变化. 多场耦合作用下的磁畴演变规律是研发新型磁性无损检测技术的关键. 本文基于磁光克尔成像和磁声发射检测系统, 探究了应力对多晶材料微观磁畴和宏观磁声发射信号的影响规律. 从宏观上, 推导了磁声发射信号和应力之间的映射关系模型, 并通过实验验证了该模型的准确性. 从微观上, 研究了应力场和晶界对磁畴模式的影响规律, 建立了附加磁畴的占比和应力之间的映射关系. 最后, 从反磁化过程中附加磁畴形核和附加磁畴随应力的变化规律揭示了畴壁动力学特性和磁声发射信号之间的内在关联. 研究结果表明, 磁弹性效应导致了附加磁畴和90°磁畴的减少, 使得磁声发射信号减弱. 本文的力-磁声模型和应力对磁畴运动特性的变化规律揭示了基于磁声发射方法的铁磁材料应力检测机理, 同时也为发展力-磁-声耦合模型、磁无损检测技术提供了理论基础.Microscopic and macroscopic magnetic responses are widely used for non-destructive testing and evaluating stress. The basic principle is that the magnetic domain pattern and magnetic domain dynamics are highly dependent on applied tensile stress. Understanding the evolution of magnetic domains under the action of multi-field coupling is critical for developing novel magnetic non-destructive testing technology. In this work, the influences of stress on magnetic domain and magneto-acoustic emission signals in polycrystalline materials are investigated based on the magneto-optical Kerr imaging and magneto-acoustic emission detection system. On a macroscopic scale, the mapping relationship between the magneto-acoustic emission signal and stress is established. Microscopically, the influences of the stress and grain boundaries on the magnetic domain patterns are investigated. And a mapping relationship between percentage of supplementary domains and stress is built. Finally, the interrelation between the domain wall dynamics and the magneto-acoustic emission signal is revealed from the nucleation of supplementary domains and their stress-dependent evolution. The results indicate that the magnetoelastic effect reduces the density of supplementary domains and 90° domains, which weakens the magneto-acoustic emission signal. The stress-magneto-acoustic model and the influence of the stress on the magnetic domain in this work reveal the mechanism of magneto-acoustic emission technique for stress measurement. It also provides a theoretical foundation for developing stress-magnetic-acoustic models and magnetic non-destructive testing technology.
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图 1 磁光成像系统和磁声发射检测系统
Fig. 1. Magneto-optical imaging system and MAE measurement set-up.
图 2 (a) 0和87 MPa磁声发射原始信号; (b)不同应力下磁声发射信号包络线
Fig. 2. (a) MAE original signals under 0 and 87 MPa; (b) the MAE envelope under different stress.
图 3 磁声发射信号峰值及峰值倒数与应力的关系
Fig. 3. The relationship between Vpeak and 1/Vpeak with stress.
图 4 晶粒1和晶粒2处不同应力及退磁状态下磁畴模式
Fig. 4. The magnetic domain patterns in demagnetized state under different stress in grain 1 and grain 2.
图 5 晶粒1不同应力和不同磁场下的磁畴图像
Fig. 5. Magnetic field evolution of magnetic domain state for the ascending magnetic fields at different applied tensile stress amplitudes in grain 1.
图 6 晶粒2处不同应力和不同磁场下的磁畴图像
Fig. 6. Magnetic field evolution of magnetic domain state for the ascending magnetic fields at different applied tensile stress amplitudes in grain 2.
图 7 位置1处不同应力和不同磁场下的磁畴图像
Fig. 7. Magnetic field evolution of magnetic domain state for the ascending magnetic fields at different applied tensile stress amplitudes in location 1.
图 8 位置2处不同应力和不同磁场下的磁畴图像
Fig. 8. Magnetic field evolution of magnetic domain state for the ascending magnetic fields at different applied tensile stress amplitudes in location 2.
图 9 磁声发射信号峰值与附加磁畴占比的关系 (a) 附加磁畴随应力的变化规律; (b)附加磁畴和MAE信号之间的关系
Fig. 9. (a) The relationship between the percentage of supplementary domain and stress; (b) the relationship between the percentage of supplementary domain and the peak of MAE signal.
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