First principles PWPP calculations based on the density functional theory were carried out to study the microscopic mechanism of the interaction between Au and N atoms on SrTiO3(001) surface. From analysis of the related energies and density of states, it was confirmed that there is clearly a synergy effect between the substitution of N for the surface O atoms and the adsorption of Au atoms on the SrTiO3(001) surface. In other words, the substitution of N atoms for O atoms stabilizes the Au atoms adsorbed on the surface, and the presence of the adsorbed Au atoms can also favor the process of N substitution on the surface.