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准地转理论是短期天气预报的理论基础. 针对中纬度大尺度运动得到的准地转运动方程组是准地转理论的核心. 在斜压二层模式框架下, 由准地转运动方程组得出的准地转位势倾向方程和准地转垂直运动方程, 可以更为明确地解释高空和地面天气系统的移动和发展. 结果显示: 500 hPa高空槽的移动取决于本层的涡度平流, 500 hPa高空槽的发展取决于本层的涡度平流和250与750h Pa层的微差温度平流; 地面气旋系统的移动和发展取决于500 hPa的正温度平流, 250与750 hPa层的微差涡度平流. 由实际天气过程对上述应用进行的分析表明, 在斜压二层模式框架下得到的准地转位势倾向方程及准地转垂直运动方程, 可以更好地确定中纬度天气尺度斜压发展系统的特征, 并有助于对天气系统发展客观规律的了解和对数值预报产品内含的物理依据的认识.The quasi-geostrophic theory is the theoretical basis of the short-term weather forecast. Quasi-geostrophic motion equations of mid-latitude synoptic -scale movement are the core of quasi-geostrophic theory. Based on baroclinic two-layer model, quasi-geostrophic potential tendency equation and vertical motion equation can more clearly explain the movement and development of upper and surface weather systems. The movement of 500 hPa upper trough depends on the vorticity advection of 500 hPa, its development is determined by 500 hPa vorticity advection and differential vorticity advection between 250 and 750 hPa . The movement and development of cyclone depend on the positive temperature advection at 500 hPa and differential vorticity advection between 250 and 750 hPa. A case of snoptic system evolution demonstrates that quasi-geostrophic theory based on baroclinic two-layer model is conducive to the quick recognition of the characteristics of mid-latitude synoptic scale baroclinic development system, the understanding of the objective law of the development of the weather systems and the physical basis of numerical products.
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Keywords:
- baroclinic two-layer model /
- quasi-geostrophic theory /
- upper trough /
- cyclone
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[21] Zhou X G, Liu S J, Wang X M, Tao Z Y 2011 Chinese J. Geophys. 54 2495 (in Chinese) [周小刚, 柳士俊, 王秀明, 陶祖钰 2011 地球物理学报 54 2495]
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[23] Ding Y H 1989 Diagnosis Method of Weather Dynamics (Beijing: Science Press) pp55-60 (in Chinese) [丁一汇 1989 天气动力学中的诊断分析方法 (北京: 科学出版社) 第55–60页]
[24] Bluestein H B 1992 Synoptic-dynamic Meteorology In Midlatitudes: Volume II: Observations and Theory of Weather Systems (Oxford University Press) pp5-7
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[1] Yu Z H, Miao M Q, Jiang Q R, Yang P Z 2004 Fluid Mechanics (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) p45 (in Chinese) [余志豪, 苗曼倩, 蒋全荣, 杨平章 2004 流体力学 (北京: 气象出版社) 第45页]
[2] Yang D S, Liu Y B, Liu S K 1980 Dynamic Meteorology (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) p172 (in Chinese) [杨大升, 刘余滨, 刘式适 1980 动力气象学 (北京: 气象出版社) 第172页
[3] Cai Q F, Huang S X, Gao S T, Zhong K, Li Z Q 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 3912 (in Chinese) [蔡其发, 黄思训, 高守亭, 钟科, 李自强 2008 物理学报 57 3912]
[4] Wu G X 2010Acta Meteor. Sin. 59 385 (in Chinese) [吴国雄 2010 气象学报 59 385]
[5] Zhou Y S, Ran L K 2010Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1366 (in Chinese) [周玉淑, 冉令坤 2010 物理学报 59 1366]
[6] Cao J, Gao S T, Zhou Y S 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 2600 (in Chinese) [曹洁, 高守亭, 周玉淑 2008 物理学报 57 2600]
[7] Zhou Y S, Cao J, Gao S T 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 6654 (in Chinese) [周玉淑, 曹洁, 高守亭 2008 物理学报 57 6654]
[8] Tao J J, Li C K 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 4313 (in Chinese) [陶建军, 李朝奎 2009 物理学报 58 4313]
[9] Zhou X G, Liu S J, Wang X M, Tao Z Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 059201 (in Chinese) [周小刚, 柳士俊, 王秀明, 陶祖钰 2011 物理学报 60 059201]
[10] Feng G L, Gong Z Q, DongW J, Li J P 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 5494 ( in Chinese) [封国林, 龚志强, 董文杰, 李建平 2005 物理学报 54 5494]
[11] Shi N 2005 Chin. Phys. 14 844
[12] Dai X G, Fu C B, Wang P 2005 Chin. Phys. 14 850
[13] Feng G L, Dong W J 2003 Chin. Phys. 12 1076
[14] Wang D H, Du J, Liu C J 2011 Meteor. 37 385 (in Chinese) [王东海, 杜钧, 柳崇健 2011 气象 37 385]
[15] Liu C J, Liu Y, Xu H 2007 Chinese J. Atmos. Sci. 31 1251 (in Chinese) [柳崇健, 刘英, 徐辉 2007 大气科学 31 1251]
[16] Liu C J 1988 The Theory of Dissipative Structures for the Atmosphere (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) pp82-105 (in Chinese) [柳崇健 1988 大气耗散结构理论 (北京: 气象出版社) 第82–105页]
[17] Yang D S, Liu Y B, Liu S K 1980 Dynamic Meteorology (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) pp194-204 (in Chinese) [杨大升, 刘余滨, 刘式适 1980 动力气象学 (北京: 气象出版社) 第194–204页]
[18] Liu S K, Liu S D 1991 Atmospheric Dynamics (Beijing: Peking University Press) pp254-256 (in Chinese) [刘式适, 刘式达 1991 大气动力学 (北京: 北京大学出版社) 第254–256 页]
[19] Zhu Q G, Lin J R, Shou S W, Tang D S 2007 Principles and Methods of Synoptics (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) pp214-216 (in Chinese) [朱乾根, 林锦瑞, 寿绍文, 唐东昇 2007 天气学原理与方法 (北京: 气象出版社) 第214–216页]
[20] Yang D S, Liu Y B, Liu S K 1980 Dynamic Meteorology (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) p242 (in Chinese) [杨大升, 刘余滨, 刘式适 1980 动力气象学 (北京: 气象出版社) 第242页]
[21] Zhou X G, Liu S J, Wang X M, Tao Z Y 2011 Chinese J. Geophys. 54 2495 (in Chinese) [周小刚, 柳士俊, 王秀明, 陶祖钰 2011 地球物理学报 54 2495]
[22] Lu M Z, Hou Z M, Zhou Y 2004 Dynamic meteorology (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) pp97-99 (in Chinese) [吕美仲, 侯志明, 周毅 2004 动力气象学 (北京: 气象出版社) 第97–99页]
[23] Ding Y H 1989 Diagnosis Method of Weather Dynamics (Beijing: Science Press) pp55-60 (in Chinese) [丁一汇 1989 天气动力学中的诊断分析方法 (北京: 科学出版社) 第55–60页]
[24] Bluestein H B 1992 Synoptic-dynamic Meteorology In Midlatitudes: Volume II: Observations and Theory of Weather Systems (Oxford University Press) pp5-7
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