掺杂在GaAs材料中Be受主能级之间的跃迁

郑卫民; 黄海北; 李素梅; 丛伟艳; 王爱芳; 李斌; 宋迎新

doi:10.7498/aps.68.20190254

摘要

通过远红外吸收谱、光致发光光谱和拉曼散射光谱, 对均匀掺杂在GaAs材料中Be受主能级之间的跃迁进行了研究. 实验中使用的GaAs:Be样品是通过分子束外延设备, 生长在半绝缘(100) GaAs衬底之上的外延单层. 在4.2 K温度下, 对样品分别进行了远红外吸收光谱、光致发光光谱、Raman光谱的实验测量. 在远红外吸收光谱中, 清楚地观察到了从Be受主1S_3/2Γ₈基态到它的三个激发态2P_3/2Γ₈, 2P_5/2Γ₈和2P_5/2Γ₇之间的奇宇称跃迁吸收峰. 跃迁能量与先前文献中报道的符合得很好. 从光致发光光谱中, 观察到了Be受主从1S_3/2Γ₈基态到2S_3/2Γ₈激发态的两空穴跃迁的发光峰, 从而间接地找到了两能级之间的跃迁能量. 在Raman光谱中, 清楚地分辨出来了Be受主从1S_3/2Γ₈基态到2S_3/2Γ₈激发态偶宇称跃迁的拉曼散射峰, 直接得到了两能级间的跃迁能量. 对比发现, 分别直接和间接得到的1S_3/2Γ₈基态到2S_3/2Γ₈激发态跃迁能量结果是一致的.

关键词:

Abstract

The doping is one of important means in the semiconductor manufacturing techniques, by which the optical and electric properties of semiconductor materials can be significantly improved. The doping level and energy level structure of dopants have a great influence on the operating performances of micro-electronic devices. Beryllium is one of acceptors, which is frequently used to be doped in GaAs bulk, because it is very stable with respect to diffusion at higher temperatures. Therefore, it is significant for the application to optoelectronic devices that the energy-state structure of Be acceptors in GaAs bulk can be investigated in detail. The sample GaAs:Be used in experiment is a 5-μm-thick epitaxial single layer doped uniformly by Be acceptors with a doping level of 2 × 10¹⁶ cm^–3, and grown by molecular beam epitaxy on 450-μm-thick semi-insulating (100) GaAs substrates in a VG V80 H reactor equipped with all solid sources. The transitions between the energy states of Be acceptors are studied experimentally by different spectroscopy techniques. The far-infrared absorption experiments are performed by using a Fourier-transform spectrometer equipped with a tungsten light source and a multilayer wide band beam splitter. Prior to the absorption spectrum measurement, the sample is thinned, polished and wedged to approximately a 5° angle to suppress optical interference between the front and back faces. Then, the sample is placed into the cryostat with liquid helium (4.2 K). The photoluminescence and Raman spectra are also measured at 4.2 K by a Renishaw Raman imaging microscope. The optical excitation to the sample is provided by an argon-ion laser with a wavelength of 514.5 nm, and the excited power is typically 5 mW. The odd-parity transitions from the Be acceptor ground state 1S_3/2Γ₈ to three excited states, i.e. 2P_3/2Γ₈, 2P_5/2Γ₈ and 2P_5/2Γ₇ are clearly observed in the far-infrared absorption spectra, then the respective transition energy values are obtained, which are in excellent agreement with the experimental results reported previously. In the photoluminescence spectrum, the emission peak labelled two holetransition, originating from the two-hole transition of recombination of the neutral-accptor bound excitons, is seen obviously, thus the energy of the even-parity transition between 1S_3/2Γ₈ and 2S_3/2Γ₈ states is found indirectly. Furthermore, in the Raman spectrum measured, the transition peak between 1S_3/2Γ₈ and 2S_3/2Γ₈ states is well resolved, and the transition energy between them is gained directly. By comparison, the transition energy values gained directly and indirectly are found to be consistent with each other.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
山东大学(威海)空间科学与物理学院, 威海　264209

2.
山东大学化学与化学工程学院, 济南　250100

3.
山东大学(威海)信息工程学院, 威海　264209

4.
中国科学院上海技术物理研究所, 上海　200083

5.
济南市半导体元件实验所, 济南　250014

通信作者: 郑卫民, wmzheng@sdu.edu.cn ; 李斌, binli@mail.sitp.ac.cn ;

基金项目: 山东省自然科学基金(批准号: ZR2017MF018)和国家自然科学基金(批准号: 61675223)资助的课题．

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China

2.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China

3.
School of Information Engineering, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China

4.
Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China

5.
Jinan Semiconductor Research Institute, Jinan 250014, China

Corresponding author: Zheng Wei-Min, wmzheng@sdu.edu.cn ; Li Bin, binli@mail.sitp.ac.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. ZR2017MF018) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61675223)

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参考文献

[1]	Park J, Barnes P A, Lovejoy M L 1995 Appl. Phys. Lett. 67 968 Google Scholar
[2]	Jiang D S, Makita Y, Ploog K, Queisser H J 1982 J. Appl. Phys. 53 999 Google Scholar
[3]	Arab S, Yao M, Zhou C, Dapkus P D, Cronin S B 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 182106 Google Scholar
[4]	Hu J, Zhang H, Sun Y, Misochko O V, Nakamura K G 2018 Phys. Rev. B 97 165307 Google Scholar
[5]	Belykh V V, Kavokin K V, Yakovlev D R, Bayer M 2017 Phys. Rev. B 96 241201 Google Scholar
[6]	Donnelly J P, Leonberger F J, Bozler C O 1976 Appl. Phys. Lett. 28 706 Google Scholar
[7]	Waldrop J R 1988 Appl. Phys. Lett. 53 1518 Google Scholar
[8]	Beyzavi K, Lee K, Kim D M, Nathan M I, Wrenner K, Wright S L 1991 Appl. Phys. Lett. 58 1268 Google Scholar
[9]	Wagner J, Seelewind H, Koidl P 1986 Appl. Phys. Lett. 49 1080 Google Scholar
[10]	Atzmuller R, Dahl M, Kraus J, Schaack G, Schubert J 1991 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 3 6775 Google Scholar
[11]	Sze S M 1981 Physics of Semiconductor Devices (New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.) p20
[12]	Reeder A A, McCombe B D, Chambers F A, Devane G P 1988 Phys. Rev. B 38 4318 Google Scholar
[13]	Reeder A A, McCombe B D, Chambers F A, Devane G P 1988 Superlatt. Microstruct. 4 381 Google Scholar
[14]	Reeder A A, Mercy J M, McCombe B D 1988 IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24 1690 Google Scholar
[15]	Lewis R A, Cheng T S, Henini M, Chamberlain J M 1996 Phys. Rev. B 53 12829 Google Scholar
[16]	Wan K, Bray R M 1985 Phys. Rev. B 32 5265 Google Scholar
[17]	Gammon D, Merlin R, Masselink W T, Morkoc H 1986 Phys. Rev. B 33 2919 Google Scholar
[18]	Lipari N O, Balderschi A 1978 Solid State Commun. 25 665 Google Scholar
[19]	Balderschi A, Lipari N O 1976 Journal of Luminescence 12−13 489
[20]	Fiorentini V, Balderschi A 1989 Solid State Commun. 69 953 Google Scholar
[21]	Fisher P, Fan H Y 1959 Phys. Rev. Lett. 2 456 Google Scholar
[22]	Kirkman R F, Stradling R A, Lin-Chung P J 1978 J. Phys. C 11 419 Google Scholar
[23]	Luttinger J M 1956 Phys. Rev. 102 1030 Google Scholar
[24]	Balderschi A, Lipari N O 1973 Phys. Rev. B 8 2697 Google Scholar
[25]	Balderschi A, Lipari N O 1974 Phys. Rev. B 9 1525 Google Scholar
[26]	Labrie D, Booth I J, Thewalt M L W, Clayman B P 1986 Appl. Opt. 25 171 Google Scholar
[27]	Koteles E S, Datars W R 1976 Can. J. Phys. 54 1676 Google Scholar
[28]	Shen X C 2002 Spectrum and Optical Property of Semiconductor (Beijing: Scientific Press) p553 (in Chinese) [沈学础 2002 半导体光谱和光学性质 (北京: 科学出版社) 第553页]
[29]	Contour J P, Neu G, Leroux M, Chaix C, Levesque B, Etienne P 1983 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 1 811
[30]	Bhattacharya P K, BOhlmann H J, Iegems M 1982 J. Appl. Phys. 53 6391 Google Scholar
[31]	Wan K, Young J F, Devine R L S, Moore W T, Thorpe S, Miner C J, Mandeville P 1988 J. Appl. Phys. 63 5598 Google Scholar
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施引文献

图 1 掺杂在GaAs材料中Be受主的能级分布及跃迁

Fig. 1. Energy levels of Be acceptors doped in GaAs bulk.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 在4.2 K温度下, GaAs:Be样品的远红外吸收谱

Fig. 2. Far-infrared absorption spectrum for the sample GaAs:Be at 4.2 K.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 在4.2 K温度下, GaAs:Be样品的PL光谱

Fig. 3. PL spectrum of sample GaAs:Be at 4.2 K.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 在4.2 K温度下, GaAs:Be样品的Raman光谱

Fig. 4. Raman spectrum of the sample GaAs:Be at 4.2 K.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 掺杂在GaAs中Be受主的跃迁能量的对照

Table 1. Comparison of transition energies of Be accepters in GaAs.

跃迁谱线	跃迁能量
	实验值				理论值
	文献[12, 15]		本文		文献[25]
	/cm^–1		/cm^–1	/meV	/meV
G	135	134.42	135	16.74	14.29
D	167	166.76	167	20.71	18.47
C	184	182.30	183	22.69	20.34
E			160 (PL) 161 (Raman)	19.84 19.96	18.04

下载: 导出CSV

[1]	Park J, Barnes P A, Lovejoy M L 1995 Appl. Phys. Lett. 67 968 Google Scholar
[2]	Jiang D S, Makita Y, Ploog K, Queisser H J 1982 J. Appl. Phys. 53 999 Google Scholar
[3]	Arab S, Yao M, Zhou C, Dapkus P D, Cronin S B 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 182106 Google Scholar
[4]	Hu J, Zhang H, Sun Y, Misochko O V, Nakamura K G 2018 Phys. Rev. B 97 165307 Google Scholar
[5]	Belykh V V, Kavokin K V, Yakovlev D R, Bayer M 2017 Phys. Rev. B 96 241201 Google Scholar
[6]	Donnelly J P, Leonberger F J, Bozler C O 1976 Appl. Phys. Lett. 28 706 Google Scholar
[7]	Waldrop J R 1988 Appl. Phys. Lett. 53 1518 Google Scholar
[8]	Beyzavi K, Lee K, Kim D M, Nathan M I, Wrenner K, Wright S L 1991 Appl. Phys. Lett. 58 1268 Google Scholar
[9]	Wagner J, Seelewind H, Koidl P 1986 Appl. Phys. Lett. 49 1080 Google Scholar
[10]	Atzmuller R, Dahl M, Kraus J, Schaack G, Schubert J 1991 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 3 6775 Google Scholar
[11]	Sze S M 1981 Physics of Semiconductor Devices (New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.) p20
[12]	Reeder A A, McCombe B D, Chambers F A, Devane G P 1988 Phys. Rev. B 38 4318 Google Scholar
[13]	Reeder A A, McCombe B D, Chambers F A, Devane G P 1988 Superlatt. Microstruct. 4 381 Google Scholar
[14]	Reeder A A, Mercy J M, McCombe B D 1988 IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24 1690 Google Scholar
[15]	Lewis R A, Cheng T S, Henini M, Chamberlain J M 1996 Phys. Rev. B 53 12829 Google Scholar
[16]	Wan K, Bray R M 1985 Phys. Rev. B 32 5265 Google Scholar
[17]	Gammon D, Merlin R, Masselink W T, Morkoc H 1986 Phys. Rev. B 33 2919 Google Scholar
[18]	Lipari N O, Balderschi A 1978 Solid State Commun. 25 665 Google Scholar
[19]	Balderschi A, Lipari N O 1976 Journal of Luminescence 12−13 489
[20]	Fiorentini V, Balderschi A 1989 Solid State Commun. 69 953 Google Scholar
[21]	Fisher P, Fan H Y 1959 Phys. Rev. Lett. 2 456 Google Scholar
[22]	Kirkman R F, Stradling R A, Lin-Chung P J 1978 J. Phys. C 11 419 Google Scholar
[23]	Luttinger J M 1956 Phys. Rev. 102 1030 Google Scholar
[24]	Balderschi A, Lipari N O 1973 Phys. Rev. B 8 2697 Google Scholar
[25]	Balderschi A, Lipari N O 1974 Phys. Rev. B 9 1525 Google Scholar
[26]	Labrie D, Booth I J, Thewalt M L W, Clayman B P 1986 Appl. Opt. 25 171 Google Scholar
[27]	Koteles E S, Datars W R 1976 Can. J. Phys. 54 1676 Google Scholar
[28]	Shen X C 2002 Spectrum and Optical Property of Semiconductor (Beijing: Scientific Press) p553 (in Chinese) [沈学础 2002 半导体光谱和光学性质 (北京: 科学出版社) 第553页]
[29]	Contour J P, Neu G, Leroux M, Chaix C, Levesque B, Etienne P 1983 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 1 811
[30]	Bhattacharya P K, BOhlmann H J, Iegems M 1982 J. Appl. Phys. 53 6391 Google Scholar
[31]	Wan K, Young J F, Devine R L S, Moore W T, Thorpe S, Miner C J, Mandeville P 1988 J. Appl. Phys. 63 5598 Google Scholar
[32]	Olego D, Cardona M 1981 Phys. Rev. B 24 7217 Google Scholar

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