小液滴撞击壁面传热特性数值分析

刘联胜; 刘轩臣; 贾文琪; 田亮; 杨华; 段润泽

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20201354

摘要

小液滴撞击壁面现象在喷雾冷却等领域都有广泛应用. 为研究小液滴(微米)撞击热壁面(非沸腾区)传热过程, 建立了二维液滴撞壁瞬态模型, 并采用相场方法对小液滴换热过程中对流热通量和导热热通量的大小进行了对比. 研究结果表明: 液滴撞击壁面初期形成“冷斑”, 有利于小液滴与壁面的传热; 小液滴撞击壁面过程中热通量峰值存在于三相接触点附近, 数量级在10⁵—10⁶ W/m²; 小液滴撞击壁面过程中受壁面浸润性和液滴尺寸对传导热通量的影响较为显著, 而速度和液滴尺寸对对流热通量的影响较为显著; 大多数情况下, 小液滴撞击壁面传导热通量数量级在10³—10⁵ W/m², 对流热通量数量级在10⁴—10⁶ W/m², 对流热通量大于传导热通量, 在整个换热过程中占据主导地位.

关键词:

Abstract

The phenomenon of small droplets impacting on the wall is widely used in fields such as spray cooling. In recent years, the research on the behavior of droplets impacting on a wall has been extensively concerned by scholars. However, current research mainly focuses on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of large droplets (millimeters) impacting on a hot wall. Since the dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of small droplets (micrometers) impacting on the hot wall are significantly different from those of large droplets, the research on the behavior of small droplets impacting on the hot wall will further facilitate the understanding of the heat transfer mechanism. In order to study the heat transfer process of small droplets impacting on the hot wall (non-boiling zone), a two-dimensional transient model of droplets impacting on the wall is established, and the phase field method is used to analyze the convective heat flux and heat conduction heat flux in the heat transfer process of small droplets. The effect of velocity, wettability and droplet size on the heat transfer characteristics of droplets impacting on the wall are explored. The simulation results show that the phase field method is feasible in studying the behavior of small droplets impacting on the wall. Furthermore, the research results show that the initial stage of droplet impacting on the wall is “cold spot”, which is conducive to the heat transfer between the small droplet and the wall. The peak heat flux during the small droplet impacting on the wall is near the three-phase contact point, and it is on the order of 10⁵–10⁶ W/m². The influence of wall wettability and droplet size on the conductive heat flux during the small droplets impacting on the wall are more significant, while velocity and droplet size have a significant influence on convective heat flux. In most cases, the conduction heat flux of small droplets impacting on the wall is about 10³–10⁵ W/m², and the convective heat flux is about 10⁴–10⁶ W/m². The convective heat flux is larger than the conduction heat flux, and it plays a dominant role in the whole process of heat transfer. The above conclusions are helpful in enriching the heat transfer mechanism of small droplets impacting on the hot wall, and implementing the spray cooling and other technologies.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
河北工业大学能源与环境工程学院, 天津　300401

2.
河北省热科学与能源清洁利用技术重点实验室, 天津　300401

3.
天津泓雅节能科技有限责任公司, 天津　300401

通信作者: 段润泽, duanrunze@hebut.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 51276055, 51806057)、天津市科技计划项目(批准号: 18YFCZZC00250, 19YFZCsF00850)、河北省自然基金项目(批准号: E2019202460)和河北工业大学(张北)产业技术研究院(批准号: ZBYJY201902)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China

2.
Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Science and Energy Clean Utilization Technology, Tianjin 300401, China

3.
Tianjin Hongya Energy Saving Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300401, China

Corresponding author: Duan Run-Ze, duanrunze@hebut.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51276055, 51806057), the Tianjin Science and Technology Planning Project, China (Grant Nos. 18YFCZZC00250, 19YFZCsF00850), the Natural Foundation of Hebei Province, China (Grant No. E2019202460), and the Hebei University of Technology (Zhangbei) Industrial Technology Research Institute, China(Grant No.ZBYJY201902)

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参考文献

[1]	Horacek B, Kiger K T, Kim J 2005 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 48 1425 Google Scholar
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[12]	Lee J, Kim J, Kiger K T 2001 Int. J. Heat Fluid Fl. 22 188 Google Scholar
[13]	Hase M, Weigand B 2004 Int. J. Numer. Method. H. 14 85 Google Scholar
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[15]	叶学民, 李永康, 李春曦 2016 物理学报 23 234701 Google Scholar Ye X M, Li Y K, Li C X 2016 Acta Phys. sin. 23 234701 Google Scholar
[16]	Guggilla G, Narayanaswamy R, Pattamatta A 2019 Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 110 109916 Google Scholar
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施引文献

图 1 计算物理模型

Fig. 1. Computational physical model.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 网格无关性验证

Fig. 2. Grid independence verification.

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图 3 实验结果与模拟结果对比

Fig. 3. Comparison of experimental results and simulation results.

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图 4 不同时刻温度场及流场分布

Fig. 4. Temperature field and flow field distribution at different times.

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图 5 壁面不同位置热流密度分布, 与固液界面垂直距离分别为　(a) 0 μm, (b) 10 μm, (c) 20 μm, (d) 30 μm, (e) 40 μm, (f) 50 μm, (g)具体位置示意图

Fig. 5. The heat flux distribution at different positions on the wall, the vertical distances from the solid-liquid interface are respectively (a) 0 μm, (b) 10 μm, (c) 20 μm, (d) 30 μm, (e) 40 μm, (f) 50 μm, (g) Specific location diagram

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图 6 不同速度下传导及对流热通量随时间的变化　(a) 0.5 m/s; (b) 1 m/s; (c) 2 m/s; (d)不同速度下总热通量随时间的变化

Fig. 6. Conductive and convective heat flux changes with time at different speeds: (a) 0.5 m/s; (b) 1 m/s; (c) 2 m/s; (d) total heat flux changes with time at different speeds.

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图 7 不同浸润性下传导及对流热通量随时间的变化　(a) θ = 45°; (b) θ = 90°; (c) θ = 135°; (d)不同浸润性下总热通量随时间变化

Fig. 7. Conduction and convective heat flux changes with time under different wettability: (a) θ = 45°; (b) θ = 90°; (c) θ = 135°; (d) total heat flux varies with time under different wettability.

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图 8 不同液滴尺寸下传导及对流热通量随时间的变化　(a) 20 μm; (b) 30 μm; (c) 50 μm; (d)不同液滴尺寸下总热通量随时间变化

Fig. 8. Conduction and convection heat flux changes with time under different droplet sizes: (a) 20 μm; (b) 30 μm; (c) 50 μm; (d) total heat flux changes with time under different droplet sizes.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

[1]	Horacek B, Kiger K T, Kim J 2005 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 48 1425 Google Scholar
[2]	Pais M R, Chow L C, Mahefkey E T 1992 Int. J. Heat Transfer 114 211 Google Scholar
[3]	Opoku R, Kizito J P 2020 RINENG 6 100 Google Scholar
[4]	Yang Y, Yang L, Du X, Yang Y 2019 Appl. Therm. Eng. 163 114401 Google Scholar
[5]	Yang H, Rong L, Liu X, Liu L, Fan M, Pei N 2020 Energy Rep. 6 906 Google Scholar
[6]	Hajidavalloo E, Eghtedari H 2010 Int. J. Refrig. 33 982 Google Scholar
[7]	Zhang C, Liu H 2016 Phys. Fluids. 28 062107 Google Scholar
[8]	Zhang Q, Zhu W B 2021 J. Propul. Technol 1 (accepted)
[9]	Visser C W, Tagawa Y, Sun C, Lohse D 2012 Soft Matter 8 10732 Google Scholar
[10]	Yarin A L, Weiss D A 1995 J. Fluid Mech. 283 141 Google Scholar
[11]	Pasandideh-Fard M, Aziz S D, Chandra S, Mostaghimi J 2001 Int. J. Heat Fluid Fl. 22 201 Google Scholar
[12]	Lee J, Kim J, Kiger K T 2001 Int. J. Heat Fluid Fl. 22 188 Google Scholar
[13]	Hase M, Weigand B 2004 Int. J. Numer. Method. H. 14 85 Google Scholar
[14]	Berberovic E, Roisman I V, Jakirlic S, Tropea C 2011 Int. J. Heat Fluid Fl. 32 785 Google Scholar
[15]	叶学民, 李永康, 李春曦 2016 物理学报 23 234701 Google Scholar Ye X M, Li Y K, Li C X 2016 Acta Phys. sin. 23 234701 Google Scholar
[16]	Guggilla G, Narayanaswamy R, Pattamatta A 2019 Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 110 109916 Google Scholar
[17]	Gelissen E J, Geld C W M, Baltussen M W, Kuerten J G M 2019 Int. J. Multiphase Flow 123 103173 Google Scholar
[18]	黄龙, 刘昭亮, 王玉洁 2020 制冷与空调 34 283 Google Scholar Huang L, Liu Z L, Wang Y J 2020 Refrig. Air-Cond. 34 283 Google Scholar
[19]	Cahn J W 1961 Acta Metall. Sin 9 795 Google Scholar
[20]	Van D, Dirkjan B, Le C C 2004 Phys. Fluids 16 3403 Google Scholar

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小液滴撞击壁面传热特性数值分析