基于范阿伦卫星观测的槽区嘶声波冷等离子体色散关系的适用性评估

朱琪; 马新; 曹兴; 倪彬彬; 项正; 付松; 顾旭东; 张援农

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20211671

摘要

等离子体层嘶声波对电子的散射损失是地球内外辐射带之间的槽区(1.8 ≤ L ≤ 3)形成的主要机制. 冷等离子体色散关系被广泛地运用于量化嘶声波对高能电子的散射效应研究中, 而在真实的磁层环境中, 热等离子体的存在会修正嘶声波的色散特性. 基于范阿伦双星的观测数据, 对比了利用磁场观测数据得到的槽区嘶声波观测幅值和反演幅值, 并研究了空间位置与地磁活动水平对嘶声波冷等离子体色散关系适用性的影响. 结果表明, 冷等离子体近似整体上高估了嘶声波的幅值, 观测幅值与反演幅值的差异有着很强的日夜不对称性, 而没有明显的地磁活动强度依赖性. 此外发现, 波动磁场的反演强度在低频(高频)处显著低于(高于)观测强度, 意味着冷等离子体近似整体上高估(低估)了嘶声波对槽区较低(较高)能量电子的散射强度. 研究证明, 槽区嘶声波冷等离子体色散关系的适用范围有很强的空间区域与频率局限性, 这对深入理解槽区电子的动态演化过程有非常重要的意义.

关键词:

Abstract

Electron scattering caused by plasmapheric hiss is the dominant mechanism that is responsible for the formation of slot region (1.8 ≤ L ≤ 3) between the Earth’s inner and outer radiation belts. The cold plasma dispersion relation of plasmaspheric hiss is widely used to quantify its scattering effect on energetic electrons. However, the existence of hot plasmas in the realistic magnetospheric environment will modify the dispersion properties of plasmaspheric hiss. According to Van Allen Probes observations, we select all hiss events in the slot region and compare the observed hiss wave amplitudes with the converted hiss wave amplitudes deduced from cold plasma dispersion relation and electric field observations, and then study the dependence of the applicability of cold plasma dispersion relation of slot region hiss on spatial position and geomagnetic activity. The results show that the cold plasma approximation tends to overestimate the amplitude of slot region hiss. The difference between the observed amplitude and the converted hiss wave amplitude has a strong day night asymmetry. However, it shows a slight dependence on the level of geomagnetic activities. In addition, we find that the converted wave magnetic field intensity is significantly lower (higher) than the observed magnetic field intensity at lower frequencies (higher frequencies), which indicates that the cold plasma approximation generally overestimates (underestimates) the scattering effects of hiss waves on the lower (higher) energy electrons in the slot region. Our study confirms that the application scope of the cold plasma dispersion relation of slot hiss has strong spatial and frequency limitations, which is of great importance in deepening our understanding of the dynamic evolution of electrons in the slot region.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
武汉大学电子信息学院, 武汉　430072

2.
中国科学院比较行星学卓越创新中心, 合肥　230026

通信作者: 曹兴, cxing@whu.edu.cn ; 倪彬彬, bbni@whu.edu.cn ;

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 42025404, 41904143, 41904144)、中国科学院先导B计划(批准号: XDB41000000)和中国博士后科学基金(批准号: 2020M672405, 2019M662700)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

2.
Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230026, China

Corresponding author: Cao Xing, cxing@whu.edu.cn ; Ni Bin-Bin, bbni@whu.edu.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42025404, 41904143, 41904144), the B-type Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB41000000), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 2020M672405, 2019M662700).

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施引文献

图 1 2015年5月23日范阿伦B观测到的嘶声波事件　(a)背景电子密度; (b) AE和Dst指数; (c)观测电场功率谱密度; (d)观测磁场功率谱密度; (e) 基于冷等离子理论的反演磁场功率谱密度; (f)传播角; (g)极化率; (h)平面度; (i)嘶声波观测(红色)和反演(蓝色)幅值. 图(c)—(e)中的品红线条对应下混杂频率f_LHR

Fig. 1. Overview of a plasmaspheric hiss event observed by Van Allen Probe B on 23 May 2015: (a) Ambient electron density; (b) AE index and SYM_H index; observed power spectral intensity of (c) electric field and (d) magnetic field; (e) converted power spectral intensity of magnetic field based on the cold plasma dispersion relation; (f) wave normal angle; (g) wave ellipticity; (h) wave planarity; (i) observed (red) and converted (blue) hiss wave amplitudes. The magenta lines in panels (c)–(e) correspond to the lower hybrid resonance frequency f_LHR.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 嘶声波观测幅值与反演幅值比值(${\rm{log}}_{10}\left( {{B}_{\rm{obs}}}/{{B}_{\rm{cvt}}}\right)$)的(a)均值与(b)方差随L和MLT的全球二维统计分布; (c)—(f)比值的均值与方差在不同MLT区间随L-shell的一维统计分布; (g)—(j)在不同L-shell区间随MLT的一维统计分布

Fig. 2. Global distribution of the (a) mean value and (b) variance of the ratio of observed hiss amplitudes and converted amplitudes (${\rm{log}}_{10}\left( {{B}_{\rm{obs}}}/{{B}_{\rm{cvt}}}\right)$) as a function of L-shell and MLT; (c)–(f) the mean value and variance of the ratio as a function of L-shell in different MLT sectors; (g)–(j) the mean value and variance of the ratio as a function of MLT in different L-shell ranges.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同地磁活动水平下, 嘶声波观测幅值与反演幅值比值(${\rm{log}}_{10}\left( {{B}_{\rm{obs}}}/{{B}_{\rm{cvt}}}\right)$)的均值和方差随L和MLT的全球统计分布(a)—(c)均值; (d)—(f)方差

Fig. 3. From left to right, global distribution of the mean value and variance of the ratio of observed hiss amplitudes and converted amplitudes (${\rm{log}}_{10}\left( {{B}_{\rm obs}}/{{B}_{\rm cvt}}\right)$) as a function of L-shell and MLT, in different geomagnetic conditions: (a)–(c) mean value; (d)–(f) variance of the ratio.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 嘶声波观测的磁场功率谱密度与反演的磁场功率谱密度比值(${\rm{log}}_{10}\left( {{B}_{\rm{obs}}}/{{B}_{\rm{cvt}}}\right)$)的均值(蓝线)和方差(红线)随波动频率的变化

Fig. 4. Mean value (blue) and variance (red) of the ratio of observed and converted power spectral intensity $( {\rm{log}}_{10}\left( {{B}_{\rm{obs}}}/{{B}_{\rm{cvt}}}\right)$) as a function of wave frequency.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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基于范阿伦卫星观测的槽区嘶声波冷等离子体色散关系的适用性评估