搜索

x

留言板

尊敬的读者、作者、审稿人, 关于本刊的投稿、审稿、编辑和出版的任何问题, 您可以本页添加留言。我们将尽快给您答复。谢谢您的支持!

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

中高Z元素原子、离子的电子碰撞电离与激发截面快速计算方法

周旭 王川 胡荣豪 陶治豪 邓小良 梁亦寒 李晓亚 吕蒙 祝文军

引用本文:
Citation:

中高Z元素原子、离子的电子碰撞电离与激发截面快速计算方法

周旭, 王川, 胡荣豪, 陶治豪, 邓小良, 梁亦寒, 李晓亚, 吕蒙, 祝文军

Fast computation approach of electron-impact ionization and excitation cross-sections for atoms and ions with medium- and high-Z elements

Zhou Xu, Wang Chuan, Hu Rong-Hao, Tao Zhi-Hao, Deng Xiao-Liang, Liang Yi-Han, Li Xiao-Ya, Lü Meng, Zhu Wen-Jun
PDF
HTML
导出引用
  • 中高Z元素的原子数据如碰撞电离和碰撞激发截面在聚变工程、X射线与物质相互作用等工程及研究领域有非常广泛的需求. 高能量密度等离子体中存在从基态到激发态的原子和各价态离子, 其碰撞电离和碰撞激发截面需要分别计算. 本文以73号元素钽(Ta)为例, 基于相对论性Dirac-Fock理论和扭曲波模型计算了基态Ta原子到Ta72+离子在入射电子能量范围为1—150 keV的碰撞电离与碰撞激发截面, 并与相关实验和理论模型符合较好. 通过分析Ta的碰撞电离和碰撞激发截面数据中的规律, 给出两种减少计算量的方法: 对初态能级进行随机抽样、筛去贡献小的反应道, 并对计算量的优化程度和误差做出评估. 最终结果可在误差5%内将计算效率提高一个数量级, 本文所提方法可推广至其他中高Z元素的计算.
    The atomic data of medium- and high-Z elements, such as electron-impact ionization and excitation cross-sections, possess extensive applications in fields such as fusion science and X-ray interactions with matter. There are atoms and ions in high energy density plasma, with different charge states and energy states ranging from ground states to highly excited states, and the cross-sections of each charge state and energy state need to be calculated. The bottlenecks limiting computational performance are the inevitable relativistic effects of medium- and high-Z elements and the extremely complex electronic configurations. Taking tantalum (Ta) for example, by using the relativistic Dirac-Fock theory and distorted wave model, we compute the electron-impact ionization and excitation cross-sections of Ta from the ground state atom up to Ta72+ with the incident electron energy range of 1–150 keV. The detailed configuration accounting (DCA) reaction channel cross-sections are derived by summing and weighting the original detailed level accounting (DLA) cross-sections. After examining the data, two regularities are found. In terms of DLA, the pre-averaging DCA cross-sections have varying initial DLA energy levels but are typically close to each other. There is not a straightforward function that can explain the discrepancies between them. In terms of DCA, inner subshells typically contribute very little to the total cross-section as their ionization and excitation cross-sections are orders of magnitude smaller than those of outer subshells. We provide two techniques to reduce the computational costs based on the regularities. To minimize the total number of DLA reaction channels used in the computation, the initial DLA energy levels can be randomly sampled. Through a Monte Carlo numerical experiment, we determine the appropriate number of sampling points that can reduce the total number of DLA channels by an order of magnitude while maintaining a 5% error margin. In terms of impact ionization, since small cross-section DCA channels are insignificant, only a tiny portion of the DCA channels are required to preserve a 95% accuracy of the entire cross-section. It is possible to use the analytical Binary Encounter Bethe (BEB) formula to determine which DCA channels should be neglected before the computation to reduce computational costs. In terms of electron-impact excitation, just the cross-sections of the same excited subshells as the preserved ionized subshells, which are determined in the previous electron-impact ionization (EII) calculations, are needed. Finally, we compare our EII results with theoretical and experimental results. In the low incident electron energy range of below 2 keV, our results accord with the theoretical result of the 6s EII cross-section of the Ta atom and the experimental result of the total EII cross-section of the Ta1+ ion. In the high energy range of below 150 keV, our results are also consistent with the theoretical result of the 1s EII cross-section of the Ta atom and the experimental result of the 1s EII cross-section of the Cu atom. Our results reasonably match the previous experimental and theoretical results in low-energy range and high-energy range, inner subshell and outer subshell, indicating the accuracy of our calculation. The proposed optimizing strategy can be applied to various medium- to high-Z elements and is compatible to most computation codes.
      通信作者: 胡荣豪, ronghaohu@scu.edu.cn ; 梁亦寒, drollor@126.com ; 吕蒙, lvmengphys@scu.edu.cn
      Corresponding author: Hu Rong-Hao, ronghaohu@scu.edu.cn ; Liang Yi-Han, drollor@126.com ; Lü Meng, lvmengphys@scu.edu.cn
    [1]

    Ackermann W, Asova G, Ayvazyan V, et al. 2007 Nat. Photon. 1 336Google Scholar

    [2]

    Emma P, Akre R, Arthur J, et al. 2010 Nat. Photon. 4 641Google Scholar

    [3]

    Ishikawa T, Aoyagi H, Asaka T, et al. 2012 Nat. Photon. 6 540Google Scholar

    [4]

    贾豪彦, 黄森林, 焦毅等 2022 强激光与粒子束 34 05401

    Jia H Y, Huang S L, Jiao Y, et al. 2022 High Power Laser Part. Beam 34 05401

    [5]

    Zhao Z T, Wang D, Gu Q, et al. 2017 Synchrotron Radiat. News 30 6Google Scholar

    [6]

    杜靖元 2009 硕士学位论文 (武汉: 华中科技大学)

    Du J Y 2019 M. S. Thesis (Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology

    [7]

    马小云, 董晨钟, 武中文, 蒋军, 颉录有 2012 物理学报 61 213401Google Scholar

    Ma X Y, Dong C Z, Wu Z W, Jiang J, Jie L Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 213401Google Scholar

    [8]

    Jurek Z, Son S K, Ziaja B, Santra R 2016 J. Appl. Cryst. 49 1048Google Scholar

    [9]

    Son S K, Young L, Santra R 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 033402Google Scholar

    [10]

    Medvedev N, Tkachenko V, Lipp V, Li Z, Ziaja B 2018 4open 1 3Google Scholar

    [11]

    Renner O, Rosmej F B 2019 Matter Radiat. Extremes 4 024201Google Scholar

    [12]

    Barber J L, Barnes C W, Sandberg R L, Sheffield R L 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 184105Google Scholar

    [13]

    Parpia F A, Fischer C F, Grant I P 1996 Comput. Phys. Commun. 94 249Google Scholar

    [14]

    Jönsson P, He X, Fischer C F, Grant I P 2007 Comput. Phys. Commun. 177 597Google Scholar

    [15]

    Gu M F 2008 Can. J. Phys. 86 675Google Scholar

    [16]

    Chen Z B, Tian Y S, Sang C C, Wan X L, Wang K, Guo X L 2019 Atomic Data Nucl. Data Tables 129-130 101278Google Scholar

    [17]

    Fritzsche S 2012 Comput. Phys. Commun. 183 1525Google Scholar

    [18]

    焦飞, 蒋军, 颉录有, 张登红, 董晨钟, 陈展斌 2015 物理学报 64 233401Google Scholar

    Jiao F, Jiang J, Jie L Y, Zhang D H, Dong C Z, Chen Z B 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 233401Google Scholar

    [19]

    Althiyabi A, El-Sayed F 2022 Atomic Data Nucl. Data Tables 147 101528Google Scholar

    [20]

    Zhong J Y, Zhang J, Zeng J L, Zhao G, Gu M F 2005 Atomic Data Nucl. Data Tables 89 101Google Scholar

    [21]

    Motoumba E B, Yoca S E, Quinet P, Palmeri P 2020 Atomic Data Nucl. Data Tables 133-134 101340Google Scholar

    [22]

    Aggarwal K M 2019 Atomic Data Nucl. Data Tables 125 261Google Scholar

    [23]

    Jönsson P, Alkauskas A, Gaigalas G 2013 Atomic Data Nucl. Data Tables 99 431Google Scholar

    [24]

    Wang C, Liang Y H, Hu R H, He K, Gao G L, Yan X, Yao D, Wang T, Li X Y, Tian J S, Zhu W J, Lü M 2023 arXiv: 2306.08948v1 [physics. optics]

    [25]

    Henderson J R, Beiersdorfer P, Bennett C L 1990 Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 705Google Scholar

    [26]

    Knapp D A, Marrs R E, Elliott S R, Magee E W, Zasadzinski R 1993 Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 334 305Google Scholar

    [27]

    Clementson J, Beiersdorfer P, Gu M F 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 012505Google Scholar

    [28]

    Ralchenko Y, Draganic I N, Tan J N, Gillaspy J D, Pomeroy J M, Reader J, Feldman U, Holland G E 2008 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 41 021003Google Scholar

    [29]

    Middleman I M, Ford H I, Hofstadter R 1970 Phys. Rev. A 2 1429Google Scholar

    [30]

    Müller A, Schippers S, Hellhund J, Holste K, Kilcoyne A L D, Phaneuf R A, Ballance C P, McLaughlin B M 2015 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 48 235203Google Scholar

    [31]

    Santoni A, Derossi A, Finetti P, Agostino R G, Luo B 1992 Phys. Rev. B 46 15660Google Scholar

    [32]

    Singh N, Mittal R, Singh B, Allawadhi K L, Sood B S 1986 Phys. Rev. A 34 3459Google Scholar

    [33]

    Kim Y K, Rudd M E 1994 Phys. Rev. A 50 3954Google Scholar

    [34]

    Hübner H, Ilgen K, Hoffmann K W 1972 Z Physik. 255 269Google Scholar

    [35]

    Shima K 1980 Phys. Lett. A 77 237Google Scholar

    [36]

    Shima K, Nakagawa T, Umetani K, Mikumo T 1980 Phys. Rev. A 24 72Google Scholar

    [37]

    Patory M A R, Uddin M A, Haque A K F, Shahjahan M, Basak A K, Talukder M R, Saha B C 2009 Int. J. Quantum Chem. 109 897Google Scholar

    [38]

    Pindzola M S, Loch S D, Colgan J P 2022 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 55 235203Google Scholar

    [39]

    Man K F, Smith A C H, Harrison M F A 1987 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys 20 4895Google Scholar

    [40]

    Llovet X, Powell C J, Salvat F, Jablonski A 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 43 013102Google Scholar

  • 图 1  中间总截面相对于其均值的偏差 (a) Ta4+[Xe]6s04f55d10碰撞电离截面; (b) Ta9+[Kr]5s24d105p46s04f12碰撞电离截面; (c) Ta16+[Kr]5s14d105p06s04f10碰撞电离截面; (d) Ta4+[Xe]6s04f55d10碰撞激发截面, 激发到6p亚层

    Fig. 1.  Deviation between pre-averaging total cross-section and averaged total cross-section: (a) Electron-impact ionization (EII) cross-section of Ta4+[Xe]6s04f55d10; (b) EII cross-section of Ta9+[Kr]5s24d105p46s04f12; (c) EII cross-section of Ta16+[Kr]5s14d105p06s04f10; (d) EIE cross-section of Ta4+[Xe]6s04f55d10, excited to 6p subshell.

    图 2  通过蒙特卡罗实验评估采样点个数的最佳选择(碰撞电离) (a) Ta10+[Kr]5s24d105p36s04f12, 5p亚层; (b) Ta12+[Xe]6s04f7, 4f亚层; (c) Ta15+[Kr]5s04d105p66s04f6, 4f亚层; (d) Ta20+[Kr]5s04d105p06s04f7, 4f亚层

    Fig. 2.  Evaluation of optimal number of sample points via Monte-Carlo experiment (EII): (a) Ta10+[Kr]5s24d105p36s04f12, on 5p; (b) Ta12+[Xe]6s04f7, on 4f; (c) Ta15+[Kr]5s04d105p66s04f6, on 4f; (d) Ta20+[Kr]5s04d105p06s04f7, on 4f.

    图 3  Ta原子的碰撞电离截面 (a)本文的计算结果; (b) BEB模型的估算结果

    Fig. 3.  Collisional ionization cross-section of Ta atom: (a) Our calculation; (b) BEB model estimation.

    图 4  Ta原子碰撞电离截面的累积占比 (a)本文的计算结果; (b) BEB模型的估计结果

    Fig. 4.  Accumulated ratio of EII cross-section of Ta atom: (a) Our calculation; (b) BEB model estimation.

    图 5  Ta原子碰撞激发截面与DCA反应道能级差的关系

    Fig. 5.  EIE cross-section of Ta atom vs. DCA reaction channel threshold energy.

    图 6  基于DW方法计算的碰撞电离截面与实验和理论结果比较 (a) Ta原子的1s亚层碰撞电离截面; (b) Cu原子的1s亚层碰撞电离截面; (c) Ta原子的6s亚层碰撞电离截面; (d) Ta1+离子的总碰撞电离截面及贡献最大的几个电子亚层的碰撞电离截面(5d, 4f, 6s, 5p)

    Fig. 6.  EII cross-sections based on DW method compared to experimental and theoretical results: (a) EII cross-section of 1s shell of Ta atom; (b) EII cross-section of 1s shell of Cu atom; (c) EII cross-section of 6s shell of Ta atom; (d) total EII cross-section of Ta1+ ion, alongside with EII cross-section of the most-contributing subshells (5d, 4f, 6s, 5p).

  • [1]

    Ackermann W, Asova G, Ayvazyan V, et al. 2007 Nat. Photon. 1 336Google Scholar

    [2]

    Emma P, Akre R, Arthur J, et al. 2010 Nat. Photon. 4 641Google Scholar

    [3]

    Ishikawa T, Aoyagi H, Asaka T, et al. 2012 Nat. Photon. 6 540Google Scholar

    [4]

    贾豪彦, 黄森林, 焦毅等 2022 强激光与粒子束 34 05401

    Jia H Y, Huang S L, Jiao Y, et al. 2022 High Power Laser Part. Beam 34 05401

    [5]

    Zhao Z T, Wang D, Gu Q, et al. 2017 Synchrotron Radiat. News 30 6Google Scholar

    [6]

    杜靖元 2009 硕士学位论文 (武汉: 华中科技大学)

    Du J Y 2019 M. S. Thesis (Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology

    [7]

    马小云, 董晨钟, 武中文, 蒋军, 颉录有 2012 物理学报 61 213401Google Scholar

    Ma X Y, Dong C Z, Wu Z W, Jiang J, Jie L Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 213401Google Scholar

    [8]

    Jurek Z, Son S K, Ziaja B, Santra R 2016 J. Appl. Cryst. 49 1048Google Scholar

    [9]

    Son S K, Young L, Santra R 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 033402Google Scholar

    [10]

    Medvedev N, Tkachenko V, Lipp V, Li Z, Ziaja B 2018 4open 1 3Google Scholar

    [11]

    Renner O, Rosmej F B 2019 Matter Radiat. Extremes 4 024201Google Scholar

    [12]

    Barber J L, Barnes C W, Sandberg R L, Sheffield R L 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 184105Google Scholar

    [13]

    Parpia F A, Fischer C F, Grant I P 1996 Comput. Phys. Commun. 94 249Google Scholar

    [14]

    Jönsson P, He X, Fischer C F, Grant I P 2007 Comput. Phys. Commun. 177 597Google Scholar

    [15]

    Gu M F 2008 Can. J. Phys. 86 675Google Scholar

    [16]

    Chen Z B, Tian Y S, Sang C C, Wan X L, Wang K, Guo X L 2019 Atomic Data Nucl. Data Tables 129-130 101278Google Scholar

    [17]

    Fritzsche S 2012 Comput. Phys. Commun. 183 1525Google Scholar

    [18]

    焦飞, 蒋军, 颉录有, 张登红, 董晨钟, 陈展斌 2015 物理学报 64 233401Google Scholar

    Jiao F, Jiang J, Jie L Y, Zhang D H, Dong C Z, Chen Z B 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 233401Google Scholar

    [19]

    Althiyabi A, El-Sayed F 2022 Atomic Data Nucl. Data Tables 147 101528Google Scholar

    [20]

    Zhong J Y, Zhang J, Zeng J L, Zhao G, Gu M F 2005 Atomic Data Nucl. Data Tables 89 101Google Scholar

    [21]

    Motoumba E B, Yoca S E, Quinet P, Palmeri P 2020 Atomic Data Nucl. Data Tables 133-134 101340Google Scholar

    [22]

    Aggarwal K M 2019 Atomic Data Nucl. Data Tables 125 261Google Scholar

    [23]

    Jönsson P, Alkauskas A, Gaigalas G 2013 Atomic Data Nucl. Data Tables 99 431Google Scholar

    [24]

    Wang C, Liang Y H, Hu R H, He K, Gao G L, Yan X, Yao D, Wang T, Li X Y, Tian J S, Zhu W J, Lü M 2023 arXiv: 2306.08948v1 [physics. optics]

    [25]

    Henderson J R, Beiersdorfer P, Bennett C L 1990 Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 705Google Scholar

    [26]

    Knapp D A, Marrs R E, Elliott S R, Magee E W, Zasadzinski R 1993 Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 334 305Google Scholar

    [27]

    Clementson J, Beiersdorfer P, Gu M F 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 012505Google Scholar

    [28]

    Ralchenko Y, Draganic I N, Tan J N, Gillaspy J D, Pomeroy J M, Reader J, Feldman U, Holland G E 2008 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 41 021003Google Scholar

    [29]

    Middleman I M, Ford H I, Hofstadter R 1970 Phys. Rev. A 2 1429Google Scholar

    [30]

    Müller A, Schippers S, Hellhund J, Holste K, Kilcoyne A L D, Phaneuf R A, Ballance C P, McLaughlin B M 2015 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 48 235203Google Scholar

    [31]

    Santoni A, Derossi A, Finetti P, Agostino R G, Luo B 1992 Phys. Rev. B 46 15660Google Scholar

    [32]

    Singh N, Mittal R, Singh B, Allawadhi K L, Sood B S 1986 Phys. Rev. A 34 3459Google Scholar

    [33]

    Kim Y K, Rudd M E 1994 Phys. Rev. A 50 3954Google Scholar

    [34]

    Hübner H, Ilgen K, Hoffmann K W 1972 Z Physik. 255 269Google Scholar

    [35]

    Shima K 1980 Phys. Lett. A 77 237Google Scholar

    [36]

    Shima K, Nakagawa T, Umetani K, Mikumo T 1980 Phys. Rev. A 24 72Google Scholar

    [37]

    Patory M A R, Uddin M A, Haque A K F, Shahjahan M, Basak A K, Talukder M R, Saha B C 2009 Int. J. Quantum Chem. 109 897Google Scholar

    [38]

    Pindzola M S, Loch S D, Colgan J P 2022 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 55 235203Google Scholar

    [39]

    Man K F, Smith A C H, Harrison M F A 1987 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys 20 4895Google Scholar

    [40]

    Llovet X, Powell C J, Salvat F, Jablonski A 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 43 013102Google Scholar

  • [1] 陈展斌, 马堃. 质子碰撞电离过程中程函近似效应的理论研究. 物理学报, 2018, 67(11): 113401. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20172465
    [2] 张立民, 贾昌春, 王琦, 陈长进. 共面双对称条件下电子碰撞Ar原子单电离的一阶扭曲波Born近似. 物理学报, 2014, 63(15): 153401. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.153401
    [3] 赵无垛, 王卫国, 李海洋. 中等光强纳秒激光电离苯团簇产生多价碳离子的数值模拟和实验研究. 物理学报, 2014, 63(10): 103602. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.103602
    [4] 刘梦, 苏鲁宁, 郑轶, 李玉同, 王伟民, 盛政明, 陈黎明, 马景龙, 鲁欣, 王兆华, 魏志义, 胡碧涛, 张杰. 超短超强激光与薄膜靶相互作用中不同价态碳离子的来源. 物理学报, 2013, 62(16): 165201. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.165201
    [5] 卓青青, 刘红侠, 彭里, 杨兆年, 蔡惠民. 总剂量辐照条件下部分耗尽半导体氧化物绝缘层N沟道金属氧化物半导体器件的三种kink效应. 物理学报, 2013, 62(3): 036105. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.036105
    [6] 丁丁, 何斌, 屈世显, 王建国. 强磁场下He2++H(1s)的碰撞电离微分截面及电离机理研究. 物理学报, 2013, 62(3): 033401. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.033401
    [7] 胡亚华, 叶丹丹, 祁月盈, 刘晓菊, 刘玲. 质子与Be原子的碰撞电离过程研究. 物理学报, 2012, 61(24): 243401. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.243401
    [8] 卓青青, 刘红侠, 杨兆年, 蔡惠民, 郝跃. 偏置条件对SOI NMOS器件总剂量辐照效应的影响. 物理学报, 2012, 61(22): 220702. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.220702
    [9] 张东玲, 汤清彬, 余本海, 陈东. 碰撞阈值下氩原子非次序双电离. 物理学报, 2011, 60(5): 053205. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.053205
    [10] 郭宝增, 张锁良, 刘鑫. 钎锌矿相GaN电子高场输运特性的Monte Carlo 模拟研究. 物理学报, 2011, 60(6): 068701. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.068701
    [11] 孙伟峰, 李美成, 赵连城. 窄带隙超晶格中载流子俄歇寿命和碰撞电离率的第一性原理研究. 物理学报, 2010, 59(8): 5661-5666. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.5661
    [12] 田明锋, 孟续军, 朱希睿, 姜旻昊, 王志刚. 含温有界原子模型下电子与离子碰撞激发和电离截面的理论研究. 物理学报, 2005, 54(10): 4673-4679. doi: 10.7498/aps.54.4673
    [13] 王晓峰, 贾天卿, 徐至展. 周期量级超短激光脉冲作用下导带电子的光吸收与碰撞电离. 物理学报, 2005, 54(7): 3451-3456. doi: 10.7498/aps.54.3451
    [14] 刘晓亚, 李 权, 蒋 刚, 朱正和, 陈涵德, 金行星, 唐永建. 微波激励ArS2体系机理的探讨. 物理学报, 2000, 49(12): 2340-2346. doi: 10.7498/aps.49.2340
    [15] 王 谨, 胡正发, 张登玉, 詹明生. Rb原子激发态碰撞能量转移. 物理学报, 1998, 47(8): 1265-1271. doi: 10.7498/aps.47.1265
    [16] 颜士翔, 陈重阳, 滕舟轩, 王炎森, 孙永盛. 低和中等电离度离子的电子碰撞电离截面的扭曲波计算. 物理学报, 1998, 47(4): 583-590. doi: 10.7498/aps.47.583
    [17] 沈异凡, 李万兴. 激发态钠原子间的碰撞能量合并. 物理学报, 1996, 45(1): 29-36. doi: 10.7498/aps.45.29
    [18] 方泉玉, 蔡蔚, 沈智军, 李萍, 邹宇, 徐元光, 陈国新. 电子与高荷电离子碰撞激发的扭曲波截面. 物理学报, 1995, 44(3): 383-395. doi: 10.7498/aps.44.383
    [19] 沈异凡, 李万兴. 激发态铯原子间的碰撞能量转移. 物理学报, 1993, 42(11): 1766-1773. doi: 10.7498/aps.42.1766
    [20] 沈异凡, 李万兴. 激发态Na(3P)原子的碰撞缔合电离. 物理学报, 1993, 42(1): 32-39. doi: 10.7498/aps.42.32
计量
  • 文章访问数:  834
  • PDF下载量:  55
  • 被引次数: 0
出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2024-01-31
  • 修回日期:  2024-03-13
  • 上网日期:  2024-03-20
  • 刊出日期:  2024-05-20

/

返回文章
返回