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本文聚焦于小尺度$s$夸克物质的边界效应和强子气体中强子的自相似结构对QGP--强子相相变的影响. 本文采用多级反射展开方法研究包含$s$夸克的QGP热滴的边界效应. 通过计算发现在边界效应的影响下, 小尺度$s$夸克物质相较于热力学极限条件下具有更低的能量密度, 熵密度和压强. 在强子相中, $K$介子在集体流, 量子关联和强相互作用的影响下, 与相邻$\pi$介子形成两体自相似结构. 通过两体分形模型对$K$介子的自相似结构影响计算得出, $K$介子的自相似结构存在于碰撞系统中, 导致$K$介子的能量密度, 熵密度和压强增大. 本研究预测在低能碰撞HIAF能区, $K$介子的自相似结构影响因子 $q_{1} = 1.042$. 考虑边界效应和$K$, $\pi$介子的自相似结构对相变的影响, 计算发现$s$夸克物质在边界效应与自相似结构的影响下相变温度均有所升高. 若$s$夸克物质的边界弯曲程度较大, 则相变温度的升幅相较于自相似结构的影响更明显.We investigate the boundary effect of small-scale $s$ quark matter, and the self-similarity structure influence of strange hadrons in the hadron gas on QGP--hadron phase transition. In this study, the multiple reflection expansion method is employed to investigate the boundary effect of QGP droplets containing $s$ quarks. The calculation reveals that under the influence of boundary effect, small-scale $s$ quark matter exhibits lower energy density, entropy density, and pressure. In hadron phase, there is the two-body self-similarity structure between $K$ meson and neighboring $\pi$ mesons under the influence of collective flow, quantum correlations, and strong interactions. By applying Two-Body Fractal Model to study the self-similarity structure of the $K$ meson in meson and quark aspect, it is found that the self-similarity structure of the $K$ meson exists in hadron phase, leading to an increase in the energy density, entropy density, and pressure of the $K$ meson. With the influence of self-similarity structure, it is found that the derived transverse momentum spectrum of $K$ meson has a good agreement with experimental data (Fig. (a)). This study predicts that in the HIAF energy region, the self-similarity structure factor of $K$ meson $q_{1}$ approaches $1.042$. Under the influence of boundary effect and self-similarity structure of $K$ and $\pi$ mesons, it shows that the phase transition temperature of $s$ quark matter increases (Fig. (b)). And if the boundary of $s$ quark matter curves more, the increase of phase transition temperature becomes more pronounced compared to the influence of self-similarity structure.
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Keywords:
- s quark /
- boundary effect /
- self-similarity structure /
- QCD phase transition
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