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指纹识别技术作为现代生活安全和信息保护的关键手段，已广泛应用于日常生活的诸多领域。传统2D指纹信息承载量不足，难以满足高安全性需求。近年提出的几种3D指纹技术虽各有优势，但采样程序复杂且依赖于大型设备等问题限制了其实际应用。本文提出一种基于冷凝微滴群的简单快速三维指纹片段重构技术，表明按压冷表面时指纹犁沟约束的水蒸气通过扩散凝结所形成的冷凝微滴群蕴含着三维指纹信息，并根据冷凝微滴群的大小分布重建指纹片段。通过与实测的指纹三维数据对比分析，发现重构获取的数据与真实的指纹数据误差仅为9.3%，具有良好的一致性。该三维指纹重构方法可以便捷获取高信息承载量的指纹片段用于生物个体确认，随着技术的不断优化和完善，这一方法有助于在身份认证、安全防范及个人信息保护等领域发挥重要作用。Fingerprint recognition technology plays a critical role in modern security and information protection. Traditional 2D fingerprint recognition methods remain limited due to an imbalance between growing security demands and inefficiency of encoding detailed information. While various 3D fingerprint technologies have been introduced recently, their practical application is restricted by complex sampling procedures and bulky equipment. This paper proposes a new 3D fingerprint fragments reconstruction method based on the condensation of microdroplet clusters, resulting in efficiently extracting detailed structural information from fingerprint patterns. By identifying the distinctive topology features of fingerprint valleys, a micrometer-scale vapor transport model is developed to capture the condensation process. A differential approach is used to divide the microdroplet clusters, which are formed when a finger is pressed against a cold surface, into discrete units. In each unit, the diffusion distance and mass transfer during the condensation process are calculated. Nonlinear regression techniques are then applied to reconstruct the 3D fingerprint fragments. Furthermore, the experimental validation shows excellent consistency with premeasured fingerprint data, exhibiting a reconstruction error of less than 9.3%. It offers a significant improvement in capturing high-density fingerprint data within a short time frame, completing the data acquisition in less than 1 second. This method significantly reduces acquisition time compared to ultrasound imaging techniques, which typically involve complex procedures. Additionally, it offers a more efficient alternative to deep learning methods, which require extensive data training and computational processes. This 3D fingerprint reconstruction method provides an efficient, low-cost and easy to operate solution. It holds the potential to significantly enhance personal identification and information protection systems, contributing to the advancement of 3D fingerprint recognition technology in practical applications.
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