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针对天线雷达散射截面（Radar Cross Section,RCS）减缩设计难度大、优化耗时长等问题，本文采用“先散射后辐射”的低RCS天线设计思路，并基于混合机制实现天线的双极化RCS减缩，提出了一种双极化低散射超表面天线，克服了传统低RCS天线设计方法存在的弊端。首先，基于超表面的幅相调控特性设计了一款双极化低RCS超表面，实现了对不同极化入射波的反射波束的独立调控；然后，在低RCS超表面的基础上，通过借鉴传统贴片天线辐射结构，对超表面结构进行局部调整并采用同轴馈电激励以实现天线辐射；最后，结合电流分布微调辐射结构，快速优化天线辐射性能。经过仿真和实验验证，提出的天线不仅具有良好的辐射性能，同时也能够实现带内带外双极化RCS减缩。与传统低RCS天线设计方法相比，本文采用的“先散射后辐射”逆向设计思路和提出的混合机制实现天线双极化RCS减缩的新方法，有效化解了超表面天线紧凑结构带来的辐射与低散射耦合矛盾，大大简化了低散射超表面天线的设计流程，且设计的天线采用单层介质实现RCS减缩，具有结构简单、紧凑、剖面低的特点。To address the challenges of the complex design process and long optimization time for antenna radar cross section (RCS) reduction, this paper adopts the "first scattering then radiation" low-RCS antenna design concept and implements dual-polarized RCS reduction of the antenna based on the hybrid mechanism. A dual-polarized low-scattering metasurface antenna is proposed, which overcomes the drawbacks of traditional low-RCS antenna design methods. Firstly, a dual-polarized low-RCS metasurface antenna is designed based on the amplitude and phase control characteristics of the metasurface, achieving independent control of the reflected beams for different polarized incident waves. Secondly, drawing on the radiation structure of traditional patch antennas. A local adjustment is made to the metasurface based on the low RCS metasurface. The antenna radiation is achieved through coaxial feed excitation. Finally, combined with the current distribution adjustment of the radiation structure, the antenna radiation performance is rapidly optimized.
Through simulation and experimental verification, the proposed antenna not only has good radiation performance but also can achieve dual-polarized RCS reduction within and outside the band. Compared with the traditional low-RCS antenna design methods, the "first scattering then radiation" reverse design concept adopted in this paper and the new method of implementing dual-polarized RCS reduction of the antenna based on the hybrid mechanism effectively resolve the contradiction between radiation and low scattering caused by the compact structure of the metasurface antenna, greatly simplify the design process of the low-scattering metasurface antenna. The antenna uses a single-layer dielectric design to achieve RCS reduction, featuring a simple structure, compactness, and low profile.-
Keywords:
- electromagnetic metasurface /
- antenna /
- amplitude-phase modulation /
- low radar cross section
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