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提出了一种频率和相位复合可重构的超表面设计方法。该方法在超表面单元引入N个PIN二极管，借由其通断改变单元的谐振特性，形成2N个可调控的反射相位，选择适当的结构参数，可以使2N个反射相位在不同频带内呈现出180°相位差，综合利用频率和相位调控特性，即可有效扩展可重构相移超表面的工作带宽。采用该方法，设计了一款超宽带1比特相移超表面单元，其1比特相位的调控频段覆盖5.4GHz-13.0GHz，相对带宽为82.6%，通过引入集总电容和优化其位置，精准改变电流分布，实现了单元的低损耗性能。该单元的厚度仅为0.09λ，其具有低剖面、低成本、低损耗特点。进一步利用该单元构造了16×16单元的超表面，通过不同的阵列编码，超表面能够产生散射可控波束和轨道角动量(OAM)涡旋波，并在超宽带范围内实现了10dB以上的雷达散射截面(RCS)减缩效果，展现出动态灵活的波束调控和低散射性能。This paper presents a design method for frequency-phase composite reconfigurable metasurfaces. N PIN diodes are introduced into the metasurface unit. The on-off states of these PIN diodes regulate the resonance characteristics of the unit, constructing 2N switchable reflection phase states. After optimizing structural parameters, these reflection phase curves show 180° phase differences in different frequency bands. By leveraging frequency and phase regulation, the operational bandwidth of reconfigurable phase-shifting metasurfaces is effectively expanded. Based on this method, an ultra-wideband 1-bit phase-shifting metasurface unit is designed. Its 1-bit phase regulation band covers 5.4GHz–13.0 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 82.6%. Lumped capacitors are introduced and their positions are optimized to precisely adjust current distribution, enabling low-loss performance of the unit. With a thickness of only 0.09λ, the unit features low profile, low cost, and low loss. A 16×16 unit array is further constructed. Through coding regulation, it generates scattering-controllable beams and orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex waves. Experimental results show that the metasurface achieves over 10 dB radar cross section (RCS) reduction in the ultra-wideband range, demonstrating dynamic beam steering capability and high-efficiency low-scattering performance. This design provides new insights for applying reconfigurable metasurfaces in broadband communication, radar stealth, and intelligent electromagnetic environment regulation.
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Keywords:
- reconfigurable metasurface /
- ultra-wideband /
- frequency reconfigurable /
- low radar cross section
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