Ruddlesden-Popper相层状镍基超导配对机理及相关物性的弱耦合理论研究

张铭; 刘玉波; 邵芷嫣; 杨帆

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20251179

摘要
压力下双层镍氧超导体展现出高达80 K的超导临界温度，使Ruddlesden-Popper（RP）相层状镍氧化物成为研究非常规高温超导机制的新平台。本综述从弱耦合理论计算角度出发，系统回顾了近期在RP相层状镍酸盐中非常规超导配对机制的理论研究进展，内容涵盖配对对称性、主导轨道成分及其自旋涨落特征等方面，涉及加压条件下的La₃Ni₂O₇、La₄Ni₃O₁₀、La₅Ni₃O₁₁块材以及常压条件下的La₃Ni₂O₇薄膜等多个体系。这些材料普遍表现出以Ni-3d_z²与3_dx²-y²轨道为主导的低能电子自由度。在RP块材中，无规相近似、泛函重整化群和涨落交换近似等弱耦合方法普遍支持一种由自旋涨落介导、以层间d_z²轨道为主导的s^±波配对机制。其中，La₃Ni₂O₇块材的超导可能与费米面上γ口袋的出现密切相关，该口袋源于d_z²轨道成键态的金属化过程。另一方面，La₄Ni₃O₁₀的超导特性主要取决于洪特耦合强度和掺杂浓度，而非能带细节；而La₅Ni₃O₁₁则因层间约瑟夫森效应，呈现出穹顶型的压力-超导相图。对于La₃Ni₂O₇薄膜，理论研究表明其可能存在s^±波与d_xy波竞争的配对特征。此外，常压下的自旋密度波序与超导存在紧密联系。整体而言，弱耦合理论不仅解释了实验现象，还为在常压下实现高温超导提供了理论思路。

关键词:
非常规超导 /

配对对称性 /

镍基超导 /

弱耦合理论
Abstract
The discovery of superconductivity in Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phase layered nickelates under high pressure has opened a new avenue for exploring unconventional pairing mechanisms beyond cuprates and iron-based superconductors. In particular, La₃Ni₂O₇ exhibits a superconducting transition temperature (T_c) as high as 80 K at ~15 GPa, making it the second class of oxides that achieve liquid-nitrogentemperature superconductivity. Subsequent experiments have extended superconductivity to related compounds such as La₄Ni₃O₁₀ and La₅Ni₃O₁₁, as well as epitaxially grown thin films at ambient pressure. These findings have motivated extensive theoretical efforts to elucidate the microscopic pairing mechanism.
This review summarizes recent progress from the perspective of weak-coupling theories, including random phase approximation (RPA), functional renormalization group (FRG), and fluctuation-exchange (FLEX) approaches. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the low-energy degrees of freedom are dominated by Ni 3d_z² and 3d^{x²-y^{2> orbitals. In La₃Ni₂O₇, pressure-induced metallization of the bonding 3d_z² band produces the γ pocket, enhancing spin fluctuations and stabilizing superconductivity. These fluctuations support superconductivity through interlayer 3d_z² pairing characterized by an s^± gap. Hole doping or substitution may restore the γ pocket and enable bulk superconductivity at ambient pressure.
For La₄Ni₃O₁₀, theoretical calculations indicate predominantly s^± pairing from interlayer 3d_z² orbitals, with weaker strength than La₃Ni₂O₇, explaining its lower T_c and showing little sensitivity to band structure. In La₅Ni₃O₁₁, composed of alternating single-layer and bilayer units, superconductivity mainly arises from the bilayer subsystem, again dominated by 3d_z² orbitals. Interestingly, the interplay between inter-bilayer Josephson coupling and the suppression of density of states leads to a dome-shaped T_c-pressure phase diagram, distinct from the monotonic behavior of La₃Ni₂O₇.
Epitaxial (La,Pr)₃Ni₂O₇ thin films display superconductivity above 40 K at ambient pressure. Theory predicts doping-dependent pairing: s^± symmetry is favored at low doping levels, while d_xy pairing emerges at higher doping, in agreement with experimental indications of both nodeless and nodal gap behaviors.
Beyond superconductivity, experiments have revealed spin-density-wave (SDW) order in bulk La₃Ni₂O₇ and La₄Ni₃O₁₀ at ambient pressure. Weak-coupling calculations confirm that these SDWs are driven by Fermi surface nesting and that their suppression under pressure gives rise to strong spin fluctuations which act as the glue for Cooper pairing. This highlights the intimate connection between the density-wave parent states and high-pressure superconductivity in nickelates.
In summary, weak-coupling theories provide a unified framework for RP nickelates, highlighting the key role of 3d_z² orbitals, interlayer pairing, and spin fluctuations. They suggest that pressure, doping, substitution, and epitaxial strain can optimize superconductivity and potentially achieve high-T_c phases at ambient pressure. Key challenges remain in clarifying orbital competition, the SDW-superconductivity interplay, and strong-correlation effects, requiring close collaboration between advanced experiments and multi-orbital many-body theory.}}

Keywords:
Unconventional superconductivity /

Pairing symmetry /

Nickelate superconductors /

Weak-coupling theory
施引文献

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Ruddlesden-Popper相层状镍基超导配对机理及相关物性的弱耦合理论研究

Weak Coupling Studies on Pairing Mechanism and Relative Properties of Ruddlesden-Popper Phase Nickelate Superconductors*

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Ruddlesden-Popper相层状镍基超导配对机理及相关物性的弱耦合理论研究

Weak Coupling Studies on Pairing Mechanism and Relative Properties of Ruddlesden-Popper Phase Nickelate Superconductors*

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