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超快磁动力学是当代自旋电子学与磁性材料研究的前沿领域，涉及磁性体系中磁矩在飞秒至纳秒时间尺度内的响应与演化过程。为解析这些超快磁动力学行为，发展了多种时间分辨探测手段。基于同步辐射的 X 射线铁磁共振 （XFMR） 技术将微波激发的铁磁共振（FMR）与 X 射线磁圆二色（XMCD）技术相结合，能够在皮秒时间尺度上实现磁化进动的元素、价态及晶格占位分辨测量，获取进动磁矩的幅度与相位信息。本工作依托上海同步辐射光源（SSRF）BL07U 矢量磁铁实验站，自主设计并搭建了一套具备皮秒级时间分辨精度的 XFMR 实验平台。系统采用锁相放大调制与储存环主时钟精密同步的泵浦探测技术，可在高达 6 GHz 的频率范围内稳定激发并探测磁性元素的自旋进动，系统本底噪声被有效抑制至 30 fA 量级，整体相位时间分辨精度优于10 ps。标志着国内在同步辐射 XFMR 技术上已具备国际先进的时间分辨能力与灵敏度水平，为后续开展自旋流和轨道流探测及亚铁磁和反铁磁动力学等领域的研究奠定了重要实验基础。Ultrafast magnetization dynamics represents a forefront area in modern spintronics and magnetic materials research, addressing the response and evolution of magnetic moments in magnetic systems over femtosecond to nanosecond timescales. To elucidate such ultrafast magnetic processes, a variety of time-resolved experimental techniques have been developed. Among them, synchrotron-based X-ray ferromagnetic resonance (XFMR) combines microwave-driven ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) with X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) detection, enabling element-, valence-, and lattice space- resolved measurements of magnetization precession on the picosecond timescale and providing direct access to both the amplitude and phase of the dynamic magnetic moment. This work developed a picosecond time-resolved XFMR platform at the BL07U vector magnet beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). The system employs a lock-in modulation detection scheme precisely synchronized with the storage-ring master clock, realizing stable excitation and detection of spin precession in magnetic materials up to 6 GHz, with the background noise effectively suppressed to 30 fA, and an overall phase time resolution better than 10 ps. The successful implementation of this technique establishes a state-of-the-art XFMR capability in China, achieving internationally competitive performance in both temporal resolution and detection sensitivity. This development provides a powerful experimental foundation for future investigations of spin current and orbital current detection, as well as ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic dynamics.
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Keywords:
- Ultrafast magnetism dynamics /
- Synchrotron radiation /
- X-ray ferromagnetic resonance /
- Phase-time resolution
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