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本文成功研制了一种基于稀土掺杂铯铅氯(CsPbCl3)无机闪烁晶体的新型高性能探测器。该晶体具备亚纳秒量级的荧光上升时间、纳秒级衰减时间及及通过掺杂优化的高荧光产额。通过将其与具有亚纳秒级渡越时间的微通道板光电倍增管（MCP-PMT）及自研的2.5 吉赫兹(GHz)高速采集系统集成，构建了一套完整的超快探测系统。基于光学分频的等效GHz激光脉冲测试表明，该系统能够清晰分辨平均峰值间隔仅0.79 ns的连续荧光脉冲，成功实现了1.26 GHz量级的高重频探测能力，在高速辐射探测领域展现出显著优势。在上海光源软X射线自由电子激光（SXFEL）装置中的实地应用表明，其X射线脉冲响应宽度窄至4 ns以下，远优于LYSO对比晶体，为超快时间分辨探测提供了可靠的技术方案。This work successfully developed a novel high-performance detector based on rare-earth-doped cesium lead chloride (CsPbCl3) inorganic scintillation crystals, targeting the critical demand for GHz-rate capabilities in ultrafast radiation detection at advanced light sources. The Ba2+-doped CsPbCl3 crystals, grown via the vertical Bridgman method, exhibit sub-nanosecond fluorescence rise times, with the pure crystal measuring ~209.6 ps and optimized doped crystals achieving ~50-75 ps. The crystals also feature nanosecond-scale decay times and enhanced light yield through defect engineering. By integrating this core scintillator with a microchannel plate photomultiplier tube (MCP-PMT) featuring sub-nanosecond transit time and a self-developed 2.5 GHz high-speed acquisition system, a complete ultrafast detection system was constructed. Rigorous testing using an optically generated equivalent GHz pulse train demonstrated that the system can clearly resolve consecutive fluorescence pulses with an average peak interval of only 0.79 ns, successfully achieving a high-repetition-rate detection capability of 1.26 GHz. Field application at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility's soft X-ray free-electron laser (SXFEL) showed that its X-ray pulse response width is narrower than 4 ns, far superior to the >24 ns response of a reference LYSO:Ce crystal. These results validate the detector's exceptional sub-nanosecond time resolution and GHz-rate pulse discrimination, providing a reliable technical solution for ultrafast time-resolved diagnostics and photon beam loss monitoring in next-generation scientific facilities.
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Keywords:
- CsPbCl3 crystal /
- GHz /
- time resolution /
- light yield
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