核酸-金属复合物及其在原子制造领域的应用

李圣凯; 郝卿; 彭天欢; 陈卓; 谭蔚泓

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20201430

摘要

原子及近原子尺度制造是直接以原子为操纵对象, 构建具有特定功能的原子尺度结构, 并实现批量生产以满足所需要的前沿制造技术, 是国际学术研究的前沿热点问题. 本综述总结了核酸材料在精准原子制造中的应用及前景, 从核酸材料的基本结构与功能出发, 论述了DNA与金属原子相互作用的基本原理. 从天然核酸材料、人工碱基“分子元素”、核酸纳米结构等方面分类介绍了核酸材料介导的精准原子制造的发展历程与突破性进展. 最后, 对该领域存在的一些挑战与机遇进行了系统性总结, 并对其未来发展方向进行了展望.

关键词:

Abstract

Atomic-scale and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing, a frontier hot issue in international academic research, is a cutting-edge manufacturing technique in which atoms are directly used as the manipulation object and atomic-scale structures with specific functions are established to meet the requirements for mass productions. This review focuses on precise atomic-scale manufacturing technology of nucleic acid materials. Firstly, the basic structures and functions of nucleic acid materials are introduced, and the basic principles of the interaction between DNA and metal atoms are discussed. Then the development process and breakthrough progress of nucleic acid materials-mediated precise atomic-scale manufacturing are introduced from the aspects of natural nucleic acid materials, artificial base “molecular elements”, and nucleic acid nanostructures. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in this field are systematically summarized and some suggestions for future development are given.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
湖南大学化学化工学院, 分子科学与生物医学湖南省重点实验室, 长沙　410082

2.
湖南大学生物学院, 长沙　410082

3.
湖南大学化学化工学院, 化学生物传感与计量学国家重点实验室, 长沙　410082

4.
上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院分子医学研究院, 上海　200240

5.
中国科学院肿瘤与基础医学研究所, 中国科学院大学附属肿瘤医院, 杭州　310022

通信作者: 彭天欢, pengtianhuan@hnu.edu.cn ; 陈卓, zhuochen@hnu.edu.cn ;

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 21522501)和湖南省自然科学基金(批准号: 2018JJ1007)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Science and Biomedicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China

2.
College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China

3.
State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China

4.
Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

5.
The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China

Corresponding author: Peng Tian-Huan, pengtianhuan@hnu.edu.cn ; Chen Zhuo, zhuochen@hnu.edu.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21522501) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 2018JJ1007)

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施引文献

图 1 (a) 5种天然核酸碱基单体结构; (b) B-DNA双螺旋结构模型; (c) 通过氢键相连的DNA碱基互补配对形式

Fig. 1. (a) Structure of five natural nucleic acid bases; (b) structure model of B-DNA; (c) DNA base pairing through hydrogen bonds.

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图 2 金属离子与DNA之间的两种作用方式

Fig. 2. Two modes of interaction between metal ions and DNA.

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图 3 (a) T-Hg²⁺-T和C-Ag⁺-C结构示意图; (b) 顺铂与DNA相互作用形成的1, 2-链内加合物^[18]; (c) 用于铂药物靶向递送的纳米抗体偶联DNA纳米平台示意图^[34]

Fig. 3. (a) Illustration of T-Hg²⁺-T and C-Ag⁺-C complexes induced fluorescence quenching; (b) 1, 2-intrastrand adducts formed between cisplatin and DNA^[18]; (c) illustration of a nanobody-conjugated DNA nanoplatform for targeted platinum drug delivery^[34].

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图 4 制备不同DNA@Ag-NCs-阳离子聚电解质复合物用于细胞成像以及NIH/3T3细胞的共聚焦激光扫描显微镜成像图^[50]

Fig. 4. Preparation of different fluorescent DNA-AgNCs-cationic polyelectrolyte complexes for cell imaging and confocal laser scanning microscopy images of NIH/3T3 cells^[50].

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图 5 (a) 由中心阳离子稳定的4个G碱基和人端粒G-四链体DNA的X射线结构^[18]; (b) 金属离子依赖性DNAzyme的结构示意图^[62]

Fig. 5. (a) Illustration of four guanine bases stabilized by a central cation and X-ray structure of human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA^[18]; (b) illustration of metal ions dependent DNAzyme^[62].

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图 6 (a) (Fc-TT)₈序列的合成步骤^[86]; (b) Fc人工碱基单体的合成步骤^[91]

Fig. 6. (a) Synthesis procedure of (Fc-TT)₈^[86]; (b) synthesis procedure of Fc artificial base monomer^[91].

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图 7 (a) 适体-Fe_n两亲分子的示意图以及在不同条件下的ApFAs的TEM图像^[96]; (b) DOX/Sgc8-NFs-Fc的制备及其通过类芬顿反应在癌细胞中的自降解过程^[97]

Fig. 7. (a) Schematic of aptamer-Fe_n amphiphilic molecules and TEM images of ApFAs at different conditions^[96]; (b) preparation of DOX/Sgc8-NFs-Fc and its autodegradation process in cancer cells through Fenton-like reaction^[97].

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图 8 (a) 二维DNA折纸^[116]; (b) 三维多面体DNA折纸^[117]

Fig. 8. (a) 2D DNA origami^[116]; (b) 3D polyhedral DNA origami^[117].

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图 9 (a) 利用三角折纸对不同大小AuNPs进行空间排布^[120]; (b) DNA折纸介导的GO_x和HRP的距离可控共组装^[128]

Fig. 9. (a) 2D arrangement of Au NPs using triangle DNA origami^[120]; (b) DNA nanostructure-directed coassembly of GO_x and HRP enzymes with control over interenzyme distances^[128].

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图 10 (a) 基于DNA折纸的金领结纳米结构用于单分子表面增强拉曼散射分析^[119]; (b) 用“Action-PAINT”实现单分策略的多点超分辨图案^[129]

Fig. 10. (a) Gold bowtie nanostructures based on DNA origami for single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman scattering analysis^[119]; (b) multipoint super-resolution patterning using “Action-PAINT” strategy^[129].

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图 11 (a) 使用DNA缩合和固有的金属化图案模拟纳米印刷电路板^[122]; (b)利用不同DNA折纸为模板生长SiO₂^[123]

Fig. 11. (a) Fabricating nano-printed circuit boards mimics with DNA condensation and intrinsic metallization patterning^[122]; (b) growth of SiO₂ with different morphology by various DNA origami^[123].

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[1]	房丰洲 2020 中国机械工程 31 1009 Google Scholar Fang F 2020 Chinese Mech. Eng. 31 1009 Google Scholar
[2]	李沫, 李倩, 张健 2016 太赫兹科学与电子信息学报 14 793 Google Scholar Li M, Li Q, Zhang J 2016 J. Terahertz Sci. Electron. Inf. Technol. 14 793 Google Scholar
[3]	Jiang D, England C G, Cai W 2016 J. Control. Release 239 27 Google Scholar
[4]	Dai Z, Leung H M, Lo P K 2017 Small 13 1602881 Google Scholar
[5]	Lippert B 2000 Coord. Chem. Rev. 200 487 Google Scholar
[6]	Morris D L 2014 Biomol. Concepts 5 397 Google Scholar
[7]	Liu J, Lu Y 2004 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 12298 Google Scholar
[8]	Cai W, Xie S, Zhang J, Tang D, Tang Y 2018 Biosens. Bioelectron. 117 3128 Google Scholar
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