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鋼鐵中碳、氮的擴散、脱溶和沉澱

葛庭燧 容保粹 王业宁

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鋼鐵中碳、氮的擴散、脱溶和沉澱

葛庭燧, 容保粹, 王业宁

DIFFUSION AND PRECIPITATION OF CARBON AND NITROGEN FROM SOLID SOLUTION IN IRON AND STEEL

KE TING-SUI, YUNG PAO-TSUI, WANG YEH-NING
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  • 一般认为钢的变脆例如蓝脆和回火脆都与钢中的扩散和沉淀有关系。本文尝试用内耗测量的方法研究碳与氮在α-铁及碳素钢中的扩散、脱溶和沉淀,从而进一步地了解钢的变脆的机构。实验的结果指出,碳在α-铁中的扩散不受自身浓度、合金元素和沉淀历史的影响。氮的情形与碳显著不同,合金元素使氮的扩散变慢,在沉淀初期使氮的扩散加速。较有系统地研究了碳、氮在加工后的α-铁中脱溶时所引起的内耗峰(当振动频率约为每秒1周时出现在250℃左右),发现了高温淬火在含碳或氮较多的试样中所产生的内应力也可以引起这个内耗峰。实验指出:①这个脱溶内耗峰的出现条件与钢的蓝脆的出现条件相同,都是一种应变时效或淬火时效的现象;②与这个内耗峰有关的碳、氮是处于原子的状态。这些联系使我们认为钢的蓝脆是一种应变脱溶或淬火脱溶的过程,是由于原子状态的碳或氮聚集于钢中的内应力区域或晶体缺陷(例如原子脱节)中所引起来的。关于这方面的深入研究正在继续进行中。根据本实验及以前关于钢铁中碳氮的扩散、脱溶和沉淀所得的结果,对于钢的回火脆的机构也提出了一种初步的看法。回火脆是一种回火沉淀的过程,引起回火脆的沉淀似乎是氮化物而不是碳化物。
    It is well-known that blue brittleness and temper brittleness of steel are related to diffusion and precipitation in steel. An attempt was made in the present research to investigate this problem by means of internal friction measurements. Experiments show that the diffusion of carbon in α-iron is not affected by carbon concentration, alloying elements and the stage of precipitation in iron. The diffusion of nitrogen in α-iron is, however, hindered by the addition of alloying elements, and is enhanced during the initial stage of precipitation.The internal friction peak (around 250℃ for a frequency of vibration of 1 cycle per second) associated with the precipitation of carbon or nitrogen in a cold worked a-iron specimen previously observed was further studied. It is found that in specimens of sufficiently high carbon or nitrogen content, the internal stress resulting from the quenching of the specimens from high temperatures also gives rise to this internal friction peak. Further experiments show; (1) this internal friction peak is associated with the phenomenon of strain aging or quench aging, and it occurs under conditions corresponding to the appearance of blue brittleness in steel; (2) the carbon or nitrogen associated with this internal friction peak is in a dispersed atomic form. This correlation suggests that the blue brittleness of steel is a process of strain aging or quench aging and it is directly associated with the separation of carbon or nitrogen atoms from solid solution into stress regions or defects in steel.A tentative suggestion concerning the mechanism of temper brittleness in steel has been made that temper brittleness is associated with the process of precipitation of nitrides instead of carbides in steel.
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  1954-09-06
  • 刊出日期:  1955-01-20

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