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Forced convection heat transfer in porous medium is involved mainly with the seepage, convection heat transfer, thermal dispersion and thermal radiation. Their research statuses and development trends are reviewed in this paper. The primary theoretical models, experimental research and empirical correlations were systemized and their features, application range and limitation were summarized too. Furthermore, the future research area and the difficulty are presented on the convection heat transfer of porous medium according to the comparative analysis of the past research results. In addition, when the radiation heat transfer can be considered in the cooling process of high temperature porous medium is determined by the simplifing calculation. All of these will be helpful to the theoretic research and engineering application of the porous medium.
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Keywords:
- porous media /
- convection heat transfer /
- seepage flow /
- thermal dispersion
[1] Lage J L, Antohe B V, Nield D A 1997 J. Fluids Eng. 119 701
[2] LiuW, Fan AW, Huang XM2006 Theory and Application of Heat and Mass Transfer on Porous Media (Beijing: Science Press) p31 (in Chinese) [刘伟, 范爱武, 黄晓明 2006 多孔介质传热传质理论与应用 (北京: 科学出版社)等 31页]
[3] Somerton C W 1989 J. Heat Transf. 111 357
[4] Poulikakos D 1987 ASME J. Heat Transf. 109 653
[5] Nishimura T, Takumi T 1986 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 29 889
[6] Vafai K, Tien C L 1981 Int. J. Heat Transf. 24) 195
[7] Alkam M K, Al-Nimr M A 1998 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 41 347
[8] Xu Y S 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 626 (in Chinese) [许友生 2003 物理学报 53 626]
[9] Xu Y S, Li H B, Fang H P, Huang G X 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 773 (in Chinese) [许友生, 李华兵, 方海平, 黄国翔 2004 物理学报 53 773]
[10] Xu Y S, Wu F M, Chen Y Y, Xu X Z 2003 Chin. Phys. 12 621
[11] Xu Y S, Xu X Z 2002 Chin. Phys. 11 583
[12] Dong P, Feng S D, Zhao Y 2004 Chin. Phys. 13 434
[13] Wu B Z, Xu Y S, Liu Y, Huang G X 2005 Chin. Phys. 14 2046
[14] Zhang S X 2005 M. S. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing) (in Chinese) [张省现 2005 硕士学位论文 (北京: 北京科技大学)]
[15] Cheng Y 2007 M. S. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing) (in Chinese) [陈勇 2007 硕士学位论文 (北京: 北京科技大学)]
[16] Xia D H, Guo S S, Ren L 2010 J. Therm. Sci. 19 1
[17] Guo S S 2007 M. S. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing) (in Chinese) [郭珊珊 2007 硕士学位论文 (北京: 北京科技大学)]
[18] Yuan M J, Yu B M, Zheng W, Yuan J 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 024703-1 (in Chinese) [员美娟, 郁伯铭, 郑伟, 袁洁 2011 物理学报 60 024703-1]
[19] Wang S F, Yu B M 2011 Int. J. Multiphase Flow 37 507
[20] Wang S F, Yu B M 2011 Transport Porous Media 87 191
[21] Li J H, Yu B M 2011 Chin. Phys. Lett. 28 034701
[22] Cai J C, Yu B M 2010 Fractals 18 417
[23] Yun M J, Yu B M, Lu J D, Zheng W 2010 Chin. Phys. Lett. 27 104704
[24] Yu B M, L J H 2004 Chin. Phys. Lett. 21 1569
[25] Yu B M, Liu W 2004 AIChE J. 50 46
[26] Forchheimer P 1901 Z. Ver. Deutsch. Ing1 45 1782
[27] Carman P C 1937 Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng. 15 150
[28] Fair G, Hatch L 1933 J. AWWA 25 1551
[29] Yu B M, Tames L, Cao H Q 2002 Polymers Composites 110 378
[30] Ergun S 1952 Chem. Eng. Prog. 48 89
[31] Wang Y B, Liu H F, Feng Y F 2003 Fuel Chem. Proc. 34 236 (in Chinese) [王英波, 刘华飞, 冯妍卉 2003 燃料与化工 34 236]
[32] Bear J 1972 Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media (New York: Elsevier) (in Chinese) [贝尔1983多孔介质流体动力学 (北京: 中国建筑工业出版社)]
[33] Shi M H, Cheng Y P 2001 Sci. Chin Ser. E 44 625
[34] Li Z P, Sun Z L, Liao Y H 2009 Appl. Sci. Technol. 36 61 (in Chinese) [李振鹏, 孙中宁, 廖永浩 2009 应用科学 36 61]
[35] Kececioglu I 1994 J. Fluids Eng. 116 164
[36] Fand R M, Kim B Y K, Lam A C C, Phan R T 1987 J. Fluids Eng. 109 268
[37] Lrmay S 1965 Transf. Water Porous Media 29 36
[38] Macdonald F, Ei-sayed M S, Mow K Dullien F A L 1979 Industrial Engineering Chemistry 18 199
[39] Si J L 2009 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing) (in Chinese) [司俊龙 2009 博士学位论文 (北京: 北京科技大学)]
[40] Liu H F 2002 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing) (in Chinese) [刘华飞 2002 博士学位论文 (北京: 北京科技大学)]
[41] Long H M, Fan X H, Mao X M 2008 J. Centr. South Univ. (Science and Technology) 39 436 (in Chinese) [龙红明, 范晓慧, 毛晓明 2008 中南大学学报(自然科学版) 39 436]
[42] Jin Z, Wen Z, Si J L 2008 Metallurg. Ind. Autom. 32 5 (in Chinese) [金周, 温治, 司俊龙 2008 冶金自动化 32 5]
[43] Ming T Z, Zhou C, LiuW2011 J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. 33 62 (in Chinese) [明廷臻, 周程, 刘伟 2011 武汉理工大学学报 33 62]
[44] Yu M, Jiang P X 2007 J. Eng. Therm. Phys. 28 286 (in Chinese) [于淼, 姜培学 2007 工程热物理学报 28 286]
[45] Yang J, Zeng M, Yan X,Wang QW2009 Nucl. Power Eng. 30 16 (in Chinese) [杨剑, 曾敏, 闫晓, 王秋旺 2009 核动力工程 30 16]
[46] Rao W T 2011 World Steel Iron 1 22 (in Chinese) [饶文涛 2011 世界钢铁 1 22]
[47] Wang G Q, Cheng L M, Xu J R, Luo Z Y, Cen K F 2009 Pro. Chin. Soc. Electr. Eng. 29 26 (in Chinese) [王关晴, 程乐鸣, 徐江荣, 骆仲泱, 岑可法 2009 中国电机工程学报 29 26]
[48] Li M C, Tian YW, Zhai Y C 2006 J. Chem. Ind. Eng. 57 1079 (in Chinese) [李明春, 田彦文, 翟玉春 2006 化工学报 57 1079]
[49] Xu C, Liu D Y, Zheng Y, Lv J H 2010 Proceedings of the Chin. Soc. Electr. Eng. 30 122 (in Chinese) [许昌, 刘德有, 郑源, 吕剑虹 2010 中国电机工程学报 30 122]
[50] Zhang D, Li J X 2010 Mater. Rev. 24 256 (in Chinese) [张丹, 李菊香 2010 材料导报 24 256]
[51] Jiang P X, Ren Z P, Zhang Z C 1999 J. Propul. Technol. 20 1 (in Chinese) [姜培学, 任泽霈, 张左 1999 推进技术 20 1]
[52] Xu R N, Jiang P X, Gong W 2006 J. Eng. Thermophys. 27 823 (in Chinese) [胥蕊娜, 姜培学 2006 工程热物理学报 27 823]
[53] Xu R N, Jiang P X 2008 J. Eng. Thermophyss. 29 1377 (in Chinese) [胥蕊娜, 姜培学 2008 工程热物理学报 29 1377]
[54] Slattery J C 1981 Momentum, Energy, and Mass Transfer in Continua (2nd Ed.)( Florida: Krieger Pubushing Coinpany)
[55] Carbonell R G, Whitaker S 1984 Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media, in Fundamentals of Transport Phenomena in Porous Media (Massachusetts: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers) p121
[56] Zanotti F, Carbonell R G 1984 Chem. Eng. Sci. 39 263
[57] Levec J, Carbonell R G 1985 AIChE J. 31 581
[58] Quintard M, Whitaker S 1993 Chem. Eng. Sci. 48 2537
[59] Quintard M, Kaviany M, Whitaker S 1997 Adv. Water. Resour. 20 77
[60] Whitaker S 1972 AIChE J. 18 361
[61] Zukauskas A 1972 Adv. Heat Transfer 18 93
[62] Wakao N, Kaguei S, Funazkri T 1979 Chem. Eng. Sci. 34 325
[63] Nagata K, Ohara H, Nakagome Y 1998 Powder Technol. 99 302
[64] Frank K, Bohn, Mark S 2001 Principles of Heat Transfer (6th Ed.) (Connecticut: Thomson Learning) 442
[65] Kuwahara F, Sirota M S 1999 Japan Soc. Mech. Eng. 66 665
[66] Saito M B, De Lemos M J S 2005 Latin Am. J. Solids Struct. 2 291
[67] Pallares J, Grau F X 2010 Int. Communi. Heat Mass Transf. 37 1187
[68] Yi Z 1999 Ph. D. Dissertation (West Lafayette: Purdue University)
[69] Uffink G J M 1983 J. Hydrol. 60 311
[70] Woodbury A D, Smith L 1985 J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth Planets 90 759
[71] Bear J, Corapcioglu M Y 1981 Water Resour. Res. 17 723
[72] Willemsen A, Groeneveld G 1989 Ground Water Contamination: Use of Models in Decision-Making (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publisher) 337
[73] Gehlin S E A, Hellstrom G, Nordell B 2003 Renew Energy 28 2239
[74] Diao N R, Li Q Y, Fang Z H 2004 Int. J. Therm. Sci. 43 1203
[75] Fan R, Jiang Y, Yao Y, Shiming D, Ma Z 2007 Energy 32 2199
[76] Anderson M P 2005 Ground Water 43 951
[77] Ferguson G, Woodbury A D 2005 Can. Geotech. J. 42 1290
[78] Juan J H, Jes′us C, Marco D 2009 Adv. Water Resour. 4 1
[79] Murthy P V S N, Singh P 1997 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 40 1251
[80] Murthy P V S N 1998 Heat Mass Transf. 33 295
[81] Du J H, Hu X J, Wu W, Wang B X 2001 Chin. J. Mech. Eng. 37 9 (in Chinese) [杜建华, 胡雪蛟, 吴伟, 王补宣 2001 机械工程学报 37 9]
[82] Testu A, Didierjean S, Maillet D 2007 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 50 469
[83] Yagi S, Kunii D, Wakao N 1960 AIChE J. 6 543
[84] Bauer R, Schlünder E U 1978 Int. Chem. Eng. 18 181
[85] Levec J, Carbonell R G 1985 AIChE J. 31 581
[86] Koch D L, Brady F J 1985 J. Fluid Mech. 154 339
[87] Cheng P, Hsu C T 1986 Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 13 613
[88] Hunt M L, Tien C L 1988 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 31 301
[89] Chou F C, Su J H, Lien S S 1992 Fundamental of Heat Transfer in Porous Media (San Diego: American Society of Mechanical) 193 57
[90] Jiang P X, Wang B X, Ren Z P 1996 Numerical Heat Transf A 18 305
[91] Kuwahara F, Nakayama A, Koyama H A 1996 J. Heat Transf. 118 689
[92] Nakayama A, Kuwahara F 1999 J. Fluids Eng. 121 427
[93] Metzger T, Didierjean S, Maillet D 2004 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 47 3341
[94] Kuwahata F, Nakayama A 1999 J. Heat Transf. 121 160
[95] Aduda B O 1996 J. Mater. Sci. 31 6441
[96] Zhang H L, Yang S Z 2004 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: North China Electric Power University) (in Chinese) [张海林 2004 博士学位论文 (北京: 华北电力大学)]
[97] Yang S M, TaoWQ 2006 Heat Transf. (4th Ed.) (Beijing: Higher Education Press) (in Chinese) [杨世铭, 陶文铨 2006 传热学(第四版) (北京: 高等教育出版社)]
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[1] Lage J L, Antohe B V, Nield D A 1997 J. Fluids Eng. 119 701
[2] LiuW, Fan AW, Huang XM2006 Theory and Application of Heat and Mass Transfer on Porous Media (Beijing: Science Press) p31 (in Chinese) [刘伟, 范爱武, 黄晓明 2006 多孔介质传热传质理论与应用 (北京: 科学出版社)等 31页]
[3] Somerton C W 1989 J. Heat Transf. 111 357
[4] Poulikakos D 1987 ASME J. Heat Transf. 109 653
[5] Nishimura T, Takumi T 1986 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 29 889
[6] Vafai K, Tien C L 1981 Int. J. Heat Transf. 24) 195
[7] Alkam M K, Al-Nimr M A 1998 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 41 347
[8] Xu Y S 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 626 (in Chinese) [许友生 2003 物理学报 53 626]
[9] Xu Y S, Li H B, Fang H P, Huang G X 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 773 (in Chinese) [许友生, 李华兵, 方海平, 黄国翔 2004 物理学报 53 773]
[10] Xu Y S, Wu F M, Chen Y Y, Xu X Z 2003 Chin. Phys. 12 621
[11] Xu Y S, Xu X Z 2002 Chin. Phys. 11 583
[12] Dong P, Feng S D, Zhao Y 2004 Chin. Phys. 13 434
[13] Wu B Z, Xu Y S, Liu Y, Huang G X 2005 Chin. Phys. 14 2046
[14] Zhang S X 2005 M. S. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing) (in Chinese) [张省现 2005 硕士学位论文 (北京: 北京科技大学)]
[15] Cheng Y 2007 M. S. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing) (in Chinese) [陈勇 2007 硕士学位论文 (北京: 北京科技大学)]
[16] Xia D H, Guo S S, Ren L 2010 J. Therm. Sci. 19 1
[17] Guo S S 2007 M. S. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing) (in Chinese) [郭珊珊 2007 硕士学位论文 (北京: 北京科技大学)]
[18] Yuan M J, Yu B M, Zheng W, Yuan J 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 024703-1 (in Chinese) [员美娟, 郁伯铭, 郑伟, 袁洁 2011 物理学报 60 024703-1]
[19] Wang S F, Yu B M 2011 Int. J. Multiphase Flow 37 507
[20] Wang S F, Yu B M 2011 Transport Porous Media 87 191
[21] Li J H, Yu B M 2011 Chin. Phys. Lett. 28 034701
[22] Cai J C, Yu B M 2010 Fractals 18 417
[23] Yun M J, Yu B M, Lu J D, Zheng W 2010 Chin. Phys. Lett. 27 104704
[24] Yu B M, L J H 2004 Chin. Phys. Lett. 21 1569
[25] Yu B M, Liu W 2004 AIChE J. 50 46
[26] Forchheimer P 1901 Z. Ver. Deutsch. Ing1 45 1782
[27] Carman P C 1937 Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng. 15 150
[28] Fair G, Hatch L 1933 J. AWWA 25 1551
[29] Yu B M, Tames L, Cao H Q 2002 Polymers Composites 110 378
[30] Ergun S 1952 Chem. Eng. Prog. 48 89
[31] Wang Y B, Liu H F, Feng Y F 2003 Fuel Chem. Proc. 34 236 (in Chinese) [王英波, 刘华飞, 冯妍卉 2003 燃料与化工 34 236]
[32] Bear J 1972 Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media (New York: Elsevier) (in Chinese) [贝尔1983多孔介质流体动力学 (北京: 中国建筑工业出版社)]
[33] Shi M H, Cheng Y P 2001 Sci. Chin Ser. E 44 625
[34] Li Z P, Sun Z L, Liao Y H 2009 Appl. Sci. Technol. 36 61 (in Chinese) [李振鹏, 孙中宁, 廖永浩 2009 应用科学 36 61]
[35] Kececioglu I 1994 J. Fluids Eng. 116 164
[36] Fand R M, Kim B Y K, Lam A C C, Phan R T 1987 J. Fluids Eng. 109 268
[37] Lrmay S 1965 Transf. Water Porous Media 29 36
[38] Macdonald F, Ei-sayed M S, Mow K Dullien F A L 1979 Industrial Engineering Chemistry 18 199
[39] Si J L 2009 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing) (in Chinese) [司俊龙 2009 博士学位论文 (北京: 北京科技大学)]
[40] Liu H F 2002 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing) (in Chinese) [刘华飞 2002 博士学位论文 (北京: 北京科技大学)]
[41] Long H M, Fan X H, Mao X M 2008 J. Centr. South Univ. (Science and Technology) 39 436 (in Chinese) [龙红明, 范晓慧, 毛晓明 2008 中南大学学报(自然科学版) 39 436]
[42] Jin Z, Wen Z, Si J L 2008 Metallurg. Ind. Autom. 32 5 (in Chinese) [金周, 温治, 司俊龙 2008 冶金自动化 32 5]
[43] Ming T Z, Zhou C, LiuW2011 J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. 33 62 (in Chinese) [明廷臻, 周程, 刘伟 2011 武汉理工大学学报 33 62]
[44] Yu M, Jiang P X 2007 J. Eng. Therm. Phys. 28 286 (in Chinese) [于淼, 姜培学 2007 工程热物理学报 28 286]
[45] Yang J, Zeng M, Yan X,Wang QW2009 Nucl. Power Eng. 30 16 (in Chinese) [杨剑, 曾敏, 闫晓, 王秋旺 2009 核动力工程 30 16]
[46] Rao W T 2011 World Steel Iron 1 22 (in Chinese) [饶文涛 2011 世界钢铁 1 22]
[47] Wang G Q, Cheng L M, Xu J R, Luo Z Y, Cen K F 2009 Pro. Chin. Soc. Electr. Eng. 29 26 (in Chinese) [王关晴, 程乐鸣, 徐江荣, 骆仲泱, 岑可法 2009 中国电机工程学报 29 26]
[48] Li M C, Tian YW, Zhai Y C 2006 J. Chem. Ind. Eng. 57 1079 (in Chinese) [李明春, 田彦文, 翟玉春 2006 化工学报 57 1079]
[49] Xu C, Liu D Y, Zheng Y, Lv J H 2010 Proceedings of the Chin. Soc. Electr. Eng. 30 122 (in Chinese) [许昌, 刘德有, 郑源, 吕剑虹 2010 中国电机工程学报 30 122]
[50] Zhang D, Li J X 2010 Mater. Rev. 24 256 (in Chinese) [张丹, 李菊香 2010 材料导报 24 256]
[51] Jiang P X, Ren Z P, Zhang Z C 1999 J. Propul. Technol. 20 1 (in Chinese) [姜培学, 任泽霈, 张左 1999 推进技术 20 1]
[52] Xu R N, Jiang P X, Gong W 2006 J. Eng. Thermophys. 27 823 (in Chinese) [胥蕊娜, 姜培学 2006 工程热物理学报 27 823]
[53] Xu R N, Jiang P X 2008 J. Eng. Thermophyss. 29 1377 (in Chinese) [胥蕊娜, 姜培学 2008 工程热物理学报 29 1377]
[54] Slattery J C 1981 Momentum, Energy, and Mass Transfer in Continua (2nd Ed.)( Florida: Krieger Pubushing Coinpany)
[55] Carbonell R G, Whitaker S 1984 Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media, in Fundamentals of Transport Phenomena in Porous Media (Massachusetts: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers) p121
[56] Zanotti F, Carbonell R G 1984 Chem. Eng. Sci. 39 263
[57] Levec J, Carbonell R G 1985 AIChE J. 31 581
[58] Quintard M, Whitaker S 1993 Chem. Eng. Sci. 48 2537
[59] Quintard M, Kaviany M, Whitaker S 1997 Adv. Water. Resour. 20 77
[60] Whitaker S 1972 AIChE J. 18 361
[61] Zukauskas A 1972 Adv. Heat Transfer 18 93
[62] Wakao N, Kaguei S, Funazkri T 1979 Chem. Eng. Sci. 34 325
[63] Nagata K, Ohara H, Nakagome Y 1998 Powder Technol. 99 302
[64] Frank K, Bohn, Mark S 2001 Principles of Heat Transfer (6th Ed.) (Connecticut: Thomson Learning) 442
[65] Kuwahara F, Sirota M S 1999 Japan Soc. Mech. Eng. 66 665
[66] Saito M B, De Lemos M J S 2005 Latin Am. J. Solids Struct. 2 291
[67] Pallares J, Grau F X 2010 Int. Communi. Heat Mass Transf. 37 1187
[68] Yi Z 1999 Ph. D. Dissertation (West Lafayette: Purdue University)
[69] Uffink G J M 1983 J. Hydrol. 60 311
[70] Woodbury A D, Smith L 1985 J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth Planets 90 759
[71] Bear J, Corapcioglu M Y 1981 Water Resour. Res. 17 723
[72] Willemsen A, Groeneveld G 1989 Ground Water Contamination: Use of Models in Decision-Making (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publisher) 337
[73] Gehlin S E A, Hellstrom G, Nordell B 2003 Renew Energy 28 2239
[74] Diao N R, Li Q Y, Fang Z H 2004 Int. J. Therm. Sci. 43 1203
[75] Fan R, Jiang Y, Yao Y, Shiming D, Ma Z 2007 Energy 32 2199
[76] Anderson M P 2005 Ground Water 43 951
[77] Ferguson G, Woodbury A D 2005 Can. Geotech. J. 42 1290
[78] Juan J H, Jes′us C, Marco D 2009 Adv. Water Resour. 4 1
[79] Murthy P V S N, Singh P 1997 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 40 1251
[80] Murthy P V S N 1998 Heat Mass Transf. 33 295
[81] Du J H, Hu X J, Wu W, Wang B X 2001 Chin. J. Mech. Eng. 37 9 (in Chinese) [杜建华, 胡雪蛟, 吴伟, 王补宣 2001 机械工程学报 37 9]
[82] Testu A, Didierjean S, Maillet D 2007 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 50 469
[83] Yagi S, Kunii D, Wakao N 1960 AIChE J. 6 543
[84] Bauer R, Schlünder E U 1978 Int. Chem. Eng. 18 181
[85] Levec J, Carbonell R G 1985 AIChE J. 31 581
[86] Koch D L, Brady F J 1985 J. Fluid Mech. 154 339
[87] Cheng P, Hsu C T 1986 Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 13 613
[88] Hunt M L, Tien C L 1988 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 31 301
[89] Chou F C, Su J H, Lien S S 1992 Fundamental of Heat Transfer in Porous Media (San Diego: American Society of Mechanical) 193 57
[90] Jiang P X, Wang B X, Ren Z P 1996 Numerical Heat Transf A 18 305
[91] Kuwahara F, Nakayama A, Koyama H A 1996 J. Heat Transf. 118 689
[92] Nakayama A, Kuwahara F 1999 J. Fluids Eng. 121 427
[93] Metzger T, Didierjean S, Maillet D 2004 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 47 3341
[94] Kuwahata F, Nakayama A 1999 J. Heat Transf. 121 160
[95] Aduda B O 1996 J. Mater. Sci. 31 6441
[96] Zhang H L, Yang S Z 2004 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: North China Electric Power University) (in Chinese) [张海林 2004 博士学位论文 (北京: 华北电力大学)]
[97] Yang S M, TaoWQ 2006 Heat Transf. (4th Ed.) (Beijing: Higher Education Press) (in Chinese) [杨世铭, 陶文铨 2006 传热学(第四版) (北京: 高等教育出版社)]
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