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颗粒物质是一种复杂的能量耗散体系. 颗粒间的摩擦和黏滞作用可使冲击荷载引起的能量有效衰减, 颗粒间的力链结构又可将瞬时局部冲击荷载进行空间扩展和时间延长, 达到良好的缓冲效果. 为研究颗粒物质对冲击荷载的缓冲性能, 本文采用重力作用下球体冲击筒内颗粒物质的试验系统, 研究了筒体底部作用力在颗粒材料、颗粒厚度等因素影响下的变化规律. 试验结果表明: 非规则颗粒具有更加良好的缓冲性能, 粗颗粒的缓冲性能略高于细颗粒. 颗粒厚度H是影响缓冲性能的重要因素, 并存在一个临界厚度Hc. 当HHc时, 缓冲性能随H的增加而增强; 当H>Hc时, H对缓冲效果的影响不再显著. 以上研究是在同一冲击能量下进行的, 而对于不同冲击能量下的Hc还需要深入开展. 通过颗粒物质对冲击荷载缓冲性能的试验研究, 可揭示颗粒材料的基本物理力学行为, 为其在缓冲减振领域中的应用提供依据.Granular matter is a complex energy dissipation system. The friction and the viscous contacts among particles can dissipate effectively the system energy caused by external impact load. The force chain structure in granular system can extend the local impact in spatial dimension and expand the instantaneous impact in temporal dimension, thus to obtain the effective shock-absorbing effect. To investigate the absorbing capacity of granular matter under an impact load, in the present study, we develop an experimental system, in which a rock ball impacts granular matter in a cylinder under gravity, and the impact force on the cylinder bottom is measured with three load cells. The influences of particle size, material propery, thickness of granular matter on shock-absorbing capacity are discussed. The results show that irregular particles have more shock absorbing capacity, while the large-size particles have a slightly higher shock absorbing capability than the small-size particles. The thickness of granular matter, H, is a key parameter to affect the shock-absorbing. Critical thickness, Hc, is obtained in the experiments. The shock-absorbing capacity of granular matter is enhanced with H increasing when HHc, while H has little influence on shock-absorbing when H>Hc. The resutls above are obtained with constant impact energy. Critical thickness Hc should be a function of impact energy and will be determined in the next study. With the experiments on shock-absorbing capacity of granular matter, it can reveal basic mechanical behaviors of granular materials and be applied in mechanical vibration absorptions.
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Keywords:
- granular matter /
- shock-absorbing capacity /
- energy dissipation /
- impact load
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[23] Mao K M, Wang M Y, Xu Z W, Chen T N 2004 Powder Technol. 142 154
[24] Xia Z W, Shan Y C, Liu X D 2007 Journal of Aerospace Power 10 1737 (in Chinese) [夏兆旺, 单颖春, 刘献栋 2007 航空动力学报 10 1737]
[25] Remillat C 2007 Mechanics of Materials 39 525
[26] Seguin A, Bertho Y, Gondret P 2008 Phys. Rev. E 78 010301
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[1] Lu K Q, Liu J X 2004 Physics 33 629 (in Chinese) [陆坤权, 刘寄星 2004 物理 33 629]
[2] Sun Q C, Wang G Q 2009 Introduction of Particle Material Mechanics (1st Ed.) (Beijing: Science Press) p3 (in Chinese) [孙其诚, 王光谦 2009 颗粒物质力学导论. (北京: 科学出版社) 第3页]
[3] Ji S Y 2007 Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 39 223 (in Chinese) [季顺迎 2007 力学学报 39 223]
[4] Ji S Y, Shen H H 2006 Journal of Engineering Mechanics 132 1252
[5] Sun Q C, Wang G Q 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 4667 (in Chinese) [孙其诚, 王光谦 2008 物理学报 57 4667]
[6] He S M, Wu Y, Li X P 2008 Engineering Mechanics 25 19 (in Chinese) [何思明, 吴永, 李新坡 2008 工程力学 25 19]
[7] Du Y C, Wang S L, Zhang J L 2010 International Journal of Impact Engineering 37 309
[8] Wu C Y, Li L Y, Thornton C 2005 International Journal of Impact Engineering 32 593
[9] Etsion I, Kligerman Y, Kadin Y 2005 Journal of Solids and Structures 42 3716
[10] Liu L, Zhang L, Liao S 2010 Science in China 53 892
[11] Mueth D M, Jaeger H M, Nagel S R 1998 Phys. Rev. E 57 3164
[12] Goldenberg C, Goldhirsch 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 084302
[13] Luding S 2005 Nature 435 159
[14] Goldman D I, Umbanhowar P 2008 Phys. Rev. E 77 021308
[15] Uehara J S, Ambroso M A, Ojha R P, Durian D J 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 194301
[16] Pacheco V F, Ruiz J C S 2009 Phys. Rev. E 80 060301
[17] Ogale S B, Shinde S R, Karve P A, Ogale A S, Kulkarni A, Athawale A, Phadke A, Thakurdas R 2005 Physica A 362 181
[18] Antypov D, Elliott J A 2011 Phys. Rev. E 84 021303
[19] Katsuragi H, Durian D J 2007 Nature Phys. 3 420
[20] Zhao Z, Liu C S 2008 Phys. Rev. E 78 031307
[21] Addiss J, Collins A, Bobaru F, Promratana K, Proud W G 2009 Dymat International Conferences Brussels Belgium, September 7-11, 2009 p59
[22] Duncan M R, Wassgren C R, Krousgrill C M 2005 Jounal of Sound and Vibration 286 123
[23] Mao K M, Wang M Y, Xu Z W, Chen T N 2004 Powder Technol. 142 154
[24] Xia Z W, Shan Y C, Liu X D 2007 Journal of Aerospace Power 10 1737 (in Chinese) [夏兆旺, 单颖春, 刘献栋 2007 航空动力学报 10 1737]
[25] Remillat C 2007 Mechanics of Materials 39 525
[26] Seguin A, Bertho Y, Gondret P 2008 Phys. Rev. E 78 010301
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