中层大气静力稳定性减弱趋势——历史火箭探空数据分析

王丽吉; 陈泽宇; 凌超; 吕达仁

doi:10.7498/aps.64.169201

摘要

大气静力稳定性参数Brunt-Vaisala频率反映了以温度垂直梯度为代表的大气整体结构的特征. 全球增暖背景下, 学术界对中层大气静力稳定性的响应形式还相当缺乏了解. 利用历史火箭探空资料, 考察了1962–1991年期间从赤道到北半球中纬度地区中层大气静力稳定性(Brunt-Vaisala频率的平方, N2)的长期趋势. 结果表明, 对于选取的6个典型站点, 在平流层上部到中间层中部区域(48–60 km), 所有站点大气静力稳定性一致呈现显著减弱的长期趋势. 48–60 km整层平均N2长期趋势统计结果表明, 在两个热带站点, N2长期趋势一致, 每十年减小0.11×10-4 s-2; 随着纬度增加, 在从22°N (Barking Sand 站)向38°N (Wallops Island 站)过渡的区间内, N2趋势从-0.16×10-4 s-2/decade增强到-0.22×10-4 s-2/decade.

关键词:

Abstract

Brunt-Vaisala frequency squared (N2) measures the static stability of the atmosphere, and reflects the general structure of the atmosphere in term of vertical temperature gradient. For middle atmosphere the response of the middle atmospheric structure to the global warming still lacks investigation currently. The historical data from rocket sounding network in 1962-1991 are used to investigate the long-term trend of N2 in the middle atmosphere. For six stations spanning from the tropical latitudes to the northern mid-latitudes, our estimates show that, in the upper stratosphere and middle mesosphere, i. e., 48-60 km high, the significant decreasing of static stability is observed in an N2 anomalies averaged over 48-60 km range. For two tropical stations, long-term trend in N2 exhibits a similar magnitude, i.e., -0.11×10-4 s-2/decade; it is also observed that the trend increases with latitude, with trend estimates from -0.16×10-4 s-2/decade at 22°N (Barking Sand station) to -0.22×10-4 s-2/decade at 38°N (Wallops Island station).

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院大气物理研究所, 中层大气和全球环境探测重点实验室, 北京 100029;

2.
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

基金项目: 中国科学院重点部署项目(批准号: KZZD-EW-01-1)和国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(批准号: 41405042)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;

2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Funds: Project supported by the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZZD-EW-01-1) and the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41405042).

参考文献

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[6]	Juckes M N 2000 J. Atmos. Sci. 57 3050
[7]	Trenberth K E, Stepaniak D P 2003 J. Climate 16 3706
[8]	Frierson D M W 2006 Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 L24816
[9]	Frierson D M W, Davis N A 2011 Geophys. Res. Lett. 38 L13803
[10]	Thompson D W J, Seidel D J, Randel W J, Zou C Z, Butler A H, Mears C, Osso A, Long C, Lin R 2012 Nature 491 692
[11]	Nash J, Edge P R 1989 Adv. Space Res. 9 333
[12]	Randel W J, Shine K P, Austin J, Barnett J, Claud C, Gillett N P, Keckhut P, Langematz U, Lin R, Long C, Mears C, Miller A, Nash J, Seidel D J, Thompson D W J, Wu F, Yoden S 2009 J. Geophys. Res. 114 D02107
[13]	Dunkerton T J, Delisi D P, Baldwin M P 1998 Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 3371
[14]	Keckhut P, Hauchecorne A, Chanin M L 1995 J. Geophys. Res. 100 18887
[15]	Xu J, Powell Jr A M, Zhao L 2013 Geosci. Model. Dev. 6 1705
[16]	Gates W L 1961 J. Meteor. 18 526
[17]	Sica R J, Thorsley M D 1996 Geophys. Res. Lett. 23 2791
[18]	Zhao Y, Liu A Z, Gardner C S 2003 J. Atmos. Sol-Terr. Phys. 65 219
[19]	Liu A Z, Roble R G, Hecht J H, Larsen M F, Gardner C S 2004 J. Geophys. Res. 109 D02S02
[20]	Gardner C S, Zhao Y, Liu A Z 2002 J. Atmos. Sol-Terr. Phys. 64 923
[21]	Chang Q H, Yang G T, Song J, Gong S S 2005 Chin. Sci. Bull. 250 2786 (in Chinese) [常启海, 杨国韬, 宋娟, 龚顺生 2005 科学通报 250 2786]
[22]	Hirota I 1978 J. Atmos. Sci. 35 714
[23]	Hamilton K 1982 Atmos. Ocean 20 281
[24]	Garcia R R, Dunkerton T J, Lieberman R S, Vincent R A 1997 J. Geophys. Res. 102 26019
[25]	Hayashi H, Shiotani M, Gille J C 2002 J. Geophys. Res. 107 4288
[26]	Press W H, Saul A T, William T V, Flannery B P 1992 Numerical Recipes in FORTRAN: The Art of Scientific Computing (2nd ed.) (New York: Cambridge University Press) pp569-577
[27]	Sheng Z, Xie S Q, Pan C Y 2001 Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics: Zhejiang University 3rd Version (Beijing: Higher Education Press) (in Chinese) p303 [盛骤, 谢氏千, 潘承毅 2001 概率论与数理统计: 浙江大学第三版 (北京: 高等教育出版社)第303页]
[28]	Grise K M, Thompson D W J, Birner T 2010 J. Climate. 23 2275

施引文献

[1]	Held I M 1982 J. Atmos. Sci. 39 412
[2]	Nappo C J 2012 An Introduction to Atmospheric Gravity Waves (2nd ed.) (Waltham: Academic Press) p24
[3]	Stone P H 1978 J. Atmos. Sci. 35 561
[4]	Emanuel K A 1988 Mon. Wea. Rev. 116 1805
[5]	Santer B D, Taylor K E, Wigley T M L, Johns T C, Jones P D, Karoly D J, Mitchell J F B, Oort A H, Penner J E, Ramaswamy V, Schwarzkopf D, Stouffer R J, Tett S 1996 Nature 382 39
[6]	Juckes M N 2000 J. Atmos. Sci. 57 3050
[7]	Trenberth K E, Stepaniak D P 2003 J. Climate 16 3706
[8]	Frierson D M W 2006 Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 L24816
[9]	Frierson D M W, Davis N A 2011 Geophys. Res. Lett. 38 L13803
[10]	Thompson D W J, Seidel D J, Randel W J, Zou C Z, Butler A H, Mears C, Osso A, Long C, Lin R 2012 Nature 491 692
[11]	Nash J, Edge P R 1989 Adv. Space Res. 9 333
[12]	Randel W J, Shine K P, Austin J, Barnett J, Claud C, Gillett N P, Keckhut P, Langematz U, Lin R, Long C, Mears C, Miller A, Nash J, Seidel D J, Thompson D W J, Wu F, Yoden S 2009 J. Geophys. Res. 114 D02107
[13]	Dunkerton T J, Delisi D P, Baldwin M P 1998 Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 3371
[14]	Keckhut P, Hauchecorne A, Chanin M L 1995 J. Geophys. Res. 100 18887
[15]	Xu J, Powell Jr A M, Zhao L 2013 Geosci. Model. Dev. 6 1705
[16]	Gates W L 1961 J. Meteor. 18 526
[17]	Sica R J, Thorsley M D 1996 Geophys. Res. Lett. 23 2791
[18]	Zhao Y, Liu A Z, Gardner C S 2003 J. Atmos. Sol-Terr. Phys. 65 219
[19]	Liu A Z, Roble R G, Hecht J H, Larsen M F, Gardner C S 2004 J. Geophys. Res. 109 D02S02
[20]	Gardner C S, Zhao Y, Liu A Z 2002 J. Atmos. Sol-Terr. Phys. 64 923
[21]	Chang Q H, Yang G T, Song J, Gong S S 2005 Chin. Sci. Bull. 250 2786 (in Chinese) [常启海, 杨国韬, 宋娟, 龚顺生 2005 科学通报 250 2786]
[22]	Hirota I 1978 J. Atmos. Sci. 35 714
[23]	Hamilton K 1982 Atmos. Ocean 20 281
[24]	Garcia R R, Dunkerton T J, Lieberman R S, Vincent R A 1997 J. Geophys. Res. 102 26019
[25]	Hayashi H, Shiotani M, Gille J C 2002 J. Geophys. Res. 107 4288
[26]	Press W H, Saul A T, William T V, Flannery B P 1992 Numerical Recipes in FORTRAN: The Art of Scientific Computing (2nd ed.) (New York: Cambridge University Press) pp569-577
[27]	Sheng Z, Xie S Q, Pan C Y 2001 Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics: Zhejiang University 3rd Version (Beijing: Higher Education Press) (in Chinese) p303 [盛骤, 谢氏千, 潘承毅 2001 概率论与数理统计: 浙江大学第三版 (北京: 高等教育出版社)第303页]
[28]	Grise K M, Thompson D W J, Birner T 2010 J. Climate. 23 2275

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