利用气泡探测器测量激光快中子

赵磊; 徐妙华; 张翌航; 张喆; 朱保君; 姜炜曼; 张笑鹏; 赵旭; 仝博伟; 贺书凯; 卢峰; 吴玉迟; 周维民; 张发强; 周凯南; 谢娜; 黄征; 仲佳勇; 谷渝秋; 李玉同; 李英骏

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20181035

摘要

在利用超强激光驱动中子源的研究和应用研究中，中子源的产额及其角分布至关重要.我们在星光Ⅲ号激光装置上采用气泡探测器对强激光驱动的中子源的产额及其角分布进行了测量.利用超强皮秒激光与碳氘薄膜靶相互作用产生高能氘离子束撞击次级碳氘靶，通过氘-氘核反应产生准单能快中子.实验发现中子束的发射具有一定的方向性，在入射氘离子的传输方向上中子束具有更高的强度，测量得到的中子束最大强度为5.13×107 n/sr.利用实验测量的氘离子能谱和角分布对中子束角分布进行了理论计算，结果与实验测量基本一致.

关键词:

气泡探测器 /
快中子 /
角分布

Abstract

Neutron source has broad application prospects in crystallography, neutron irradiation, neutron therapy for cancer, and so on. As a new scheme to produce bright pulsed neutron source, the laser-driven neutron has attracted wide interest. In recent years, laser driven neutron sources have been extensively studied and the great progress has been made. Short pulsed laser driven neutron sources could be a compact and relatively cheap way to produce quasi-monoenergetic neutrons. The yields and the angular distributions of the laser-driven neutron sources are important in the research of laser-driven neutron sources and relevant applications. We conduct experimental investigation of this respect by using the XingGuang-Ⅲ high intense laser facility, which delivers synchronized picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses. The picosecond laser energy is 100 J, the pulse width is 1 ps, and the focusing spot diameter is 20 μm. At this time, the corresponding laser power density reaches 3×1019 W/cm2. A high-energy deuterium ion beam is produced by focusing the picosecond laser on a deuterated polyethylene foil, and the deuterium ion beam is incident on a secondary deuterated polyethylene planar target to activate the D-D reaction to obtain the neutron beam. In the experiment, the neutron yield and its angular distribution are measured by the different-sensitivity BD-PND bubble detectors, which are placed in the target chamber around the target. The emission of the neutron beam is found to be non-uniform. A maximum intensity of 5.13×107 n/sr is observed in the forward direction. The angular distribution of the neutron beam is theoretically calculated by taking into account the energy-angle cross section, the angular and energy distribution of the incident deuterium ion beam. The probability of the neutron energy-angle distribution in the laboratory system is obtained by the coordinate transformation from the probability in the center of mass frame. The results show good agreement with the experimental measurements. This experiment has a certain reference value in the practical application of D-D reaction neutron source.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国矿业大学(北京), 深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室, 北京 100083;

2.
中国科学院物理研究所, 北京凝聚态物理国家研究中心, 北京 100190;

3.
中国科学院大学物理科学学院, 北京 100049;

4.
上海交通大学, IFSA协同创新中心, 上海 200240;

5.
上海交通大学物理与天文学院, 上海 200240;

6.
北京师范大学天文系, 北京 100875;

7.
中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心, 等离子体物理重点实验室, 绵阳 621900

通信作者: 张喆, zzhang@iphy.ac.cn;ytli@iphy.ac.cn;lyj@iphy.ac.cn ; 李玉同, zzhang@iphy.ac.cn;ytli@iphy.ac.cn;lyj@iphy.ac.cn ; 李英骏, zzhang@iphy.ac.cn;ytli@iphy.ac.cn;lyj@iphy.ac.cn

基金项目: 科学挑战计划（批准号：TZ2016005）、国家自然科学基金（批准号：11520101003，11535001，11574390）、国家重点基础研究发展计划（批准号：2013CBA01504）和中国科学院先导计划（批准号：XDB16010200，XDB07030300）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
State Key Laboratory for GeoMechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China;

2.
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;

3.
School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China;

4.
Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA(CICIFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;

5.
School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;

6.
Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;

7.
Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, 621900, China

Corresponding author: Zhang Zhe, zzhang@iphy.ac.cn;ytli@iphy.ac.cn;lyj@iphy.ac.cn ; Li Yu-Tong, zzhang@iphy.ac.cn;ytli@iphy.ac.cn;lyj@iphy.ac.cn ; Li Ying-Jun, zzhang@iphy.ac.cn;ytli@iphy.ac.cn;lyj@iphy.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Science Challenge Project, China (Grant No. TZ2016005), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11520101003, 11535001, 11574390), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CBA01504), the Pilot Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDB16010200, XDB07030300).

参考文献

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[20]	Zhao J R, Zhang X P, Yuan D W, Chen L M, Li Y T, Fu C B, Rhee Y J, Li F, Zhu B J, Li Y F, Liao G Q, Zhang K, Han B, Liu C, Huang K, Ma Y, Li Y, Xiong J, Huang X, Fu S Z, Zhu J Q, Zhao G, Zhang J 2015 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86 044802
[21]	Klir D, Krasa J, Cikhardt J, Dudzak R, Krousky E, Pfeifer M, Rezac K, Sila O, Skala J, Ullschmied J, Velyhan A 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 093117
[22]	Ellison C L, Fuchs J 2010 Phys. Plasmas 17 113105
[23]	Cui B, He S K, Liu H J, Dai Z H, Yan Y H, Lu F, Li G, Zhang F Q, Hong W, Gu Y Q 2016 High Pow. Las. Part. Beam 28 66 (in Chinese) [崔波, 贺书凯, 刘红杰, 戴曾海, 闫永宏, 卢峰, 李纲, 张发强, 洪伟, 谷渝秋 2016 强激光与粒子束 28 66]
[24]	Davis J, Petrov G M, Petrova T, Willingale L, Maksimchuk A, Krushelnick K 2010 Plasma Phys. Contr. F 52 045015
[25]	Zhang G Y, Ni B F, Li L, Tian W Z, Wang P S, Huang D H, Zhang L Z, Liu C S, Liu L K, Li D H 2005 Nucl. Tech. 28 663 (in Chinese) [张贵英, 倪邦发, 李丽, 田伟之, 王平生, 黄东辉, 张兰芝, 刘存兄, 刘立坤, 李德红 2005 核技术 28 663]
[26]	Lewis B J, Smith M B, Ing H, Andrews H R, Machrafi R, Tomi L, Matthews T J, Veloce L, Shurshakov V, Tchernykh I, Khoshooniy N 2012 Radiat. Prot. Posim. 150 1
[27]	Che X H, Zhao Y H, Guo S L, Zhu T C, Wang Y L, Fan Z J, Zhou P D 1991 Nucl. Tech. 14 394 (in Chinese) [彻秀红, 赵玉华, 郭士伦, 朱天成, 王玉兰, 樊中钧, 周培德 1991 核技术 14 394]
[28]	Olsher R H, Mclean T D, Mallett M W, Romero L L, Devine R T, Hoffman J M 2007 Radiat. Prot. Dosim 126 326
[29]	Yang J B, Huang H, Liu Z, Wang Q B, Wang X 2016 Sci. Technol. Eng. 16 89 (in Chinese) [杨剑波, 黄红, 刘志, 王琦标, 王旭 2016 科学技术与工程 16 89]
[30]	Zhang G G, Ouyang X P, Zhang J F, Wang Z Q, Zhang Z B, Ma Y L, Zhang X P, Chen J, Zhang X D, Pan H B, Luo H L, Liu Y N 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 2165 (in Chinese) [张国光, 欧阳晓平, 张建福, 王志强, 张忠兵, 马彦良, 张显鹏, 陈军, 张小东, 潘洪波, 骆海龙, 刘毅娜 2006 物理学报 55 2165]
[31]	Zhang X D, Qiu M T, Zhang J F, Ouyang X P, Zhang X P, Chen L 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 232502 (in Chinese) [张小东, 邱孟通, 张建福, 欧阳晓平, 张显鹏, 陈亮 2012 物理学报 61 232502]
[32]	Lengar I, Skvar J, Ili R 2002 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B 192 440
[33]	Zhang Y H, Zhang Z, Zhu B J, Jiang W M, Cheng L, Zhao L, Xu M H, Li Y J, Zhang X P, Zhao X, Yuan X H, Tong B W, Zhong J Y, He S K, Lu F, Wu Y C, Zhou W M, Zhang F Q, Zhou K N, Xie N, Huang Z, Gu Y Q, Li Y T 2018 Rev. Sci. Instrum 89 093302
[34]	Ing H, Noulty R A, Mclean T D 1997 Radiat. Meas. 27 1

施引文献

[1]	Perkins L J, Logan B G, Rosen M D, Perry M D, Rubia T D, Ghoniem N M, Ditmire T, Springer P T, Wilks S C 2002 Nucl Fusion 40 1
[2]	Zhang F Q, Yang J L, Li Z H, Zhong Y H, Ye F, Qin Y, Chen F X, Ying C T, Liu G J 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 583 (in Chinese) [章法强, 杨建伦, 李正宏, 钟耀华, 叶凡, 秦义, 陈法新, 应纯同, 刘广均 2007 物理学报 56 583]
[3]	Mason T E 2006 Phys. Today 59 44
[4]	Yang F, Fan S K, Ding D Z, Wu Y T, Ren G H 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 113301 (in Chinese) [杨帆, 潘尚可, 丁栋舟, 吴云涛, 任国浩 2011 物理学报 60 113301]
[5]	Strobl M, Manke I, Kardjilov N, Hilger A, Dawson M, Banhart J 2009 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 34 341
[6]	Womble P C, Schultz F J, Vourvopoulos G 1995 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Sect. B 99 757
[7]	Chen H S 2016 Mod. Phys. 1 1 (in Chinese) [陈和生 2016 现代物理知识 1 1]
[8]	Wei J 2007 Mod Phys. 19 22 (in Chinese) [韦杰 2007 现代物理知识 19 22]
[9]	Bodner S E, Colombant D G, Gardner J H, Lehmberg R H, Obenschain S P, Phillips L, Schmitt A J, Sethian J D 1998 Phys. Plasmas 5 1901
[10]	Zhu B, Gu Y Q, Wang Y X, Liu H J, Wu Y C, Wang L, Wang J, Wen X L, Jiao C Y, Teng J, He Y L 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 1100 (in Chinese) [朱斌, 谷渝秋, 王玉晓, 刘红杰, 吴玉迟, 王磊, 王剑, 温贤伦, 焦春晔, 滕建, 何颖玲 2009 物理学报 58 1100]
[11]	Tarasenko V F, Lomaev M I, Sorokin D A, Nechaev B A, Padalko V N, Dudkin G N 2016 Matter Radiat. Extrem. 1 207
[12]	Jiao X J, Shaw J M, Wang T, Wang X M, Tsai H, Poth P, Pomerantz I, Labun L A, Toncian T, Downer M C, Hegelich B M 2017 Matter Radiat. Extrem. 2 296
[13]	Li Y T, Sheng Z M, Ma Y Y, Jin Z, Zhang J, Chen Z L, Kodama R, Matsuoka T, Tampo M, Tanaka K A, Tsutsumi T, Yabuuchi T, Du K, Zhang H Q, Zhang L, Tang Y J 2005 Phys. Rev. E 72 066404
[14]	Bang W, Dyer G, Quevedo H J, Bernstein A C, Gaul E, Donovan M, Ditmire T 2013 Phys. Rev. E 87 023106
[15]	Roth M, Jung D, Falk K, Guler N, Deppert O, Devlin M, Favalli A, Fernandez J, Gautier D, Geissel M, Haight R, Hamilton C E, Hegelich B M, Johnson R P, Merrill F, Schaumann G, Schoenberg K, Schollmeier M, Shimada T, Taddeucci T, Tybo J L, Wagner F, Wender S A, Wilde C H, Wurden G A 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 044802
[16]	Yin L, Albright B J, Hegelich B M, Fernandez J C 2006 Laser Part. Beams 24 291
[17]	Macchi A, Borghesi M, Passoni M 2013 Rev. Mod. Phys. 85 751
[18]	Wilks S C, Langdon A B, Cowan T E, Roth M, Singh M, Hatchett S, Key M H, Pennington D, MacKinnon A, Snavely R A 2001 Phys. Plasmas 8 542
[19]	Snavely R A, Key M H, Hatchett S P, Cowan T E, Roth M, Phillips T W, Stoyer M A, Henry E A, Sangster T C, Singh M S, Wilks S C, MacKinnon A, Offenberger A, Pennington D M, Yasuike K, Langdon A B, Lasinski B F, Johnson J, Perry M D, Campbell E M 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 2945
[20]	Zhao J R, Zhang X P, Yuan D W, Chen L M, Li Y T, Fu C B, Rhee Y J, Li F, Zhu B J, Li Y F, Liao G Q, Zhang K, Han B, Liu C, Huang K, Ma Y, Li Y, Xiong J, Huang X, Fu S Z, Zhu J Q, Zhao G, Zhang J 2015 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86 044802
[21]	Klir D, Krasa J, Cikhardt J, Dudzak R, Krousky E, Pfeifer M, Rezac K, Sila O, Skala J, Ullschmied J, Velyhan A 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 093117
[22]	Ellison C L, Fuchs J 2010 Phys. Plasmas 17 113105
[23]	Cui B, He S K, Liu H J, Dai Z H, Yan Y H, Lu F, Li G, Zhang F Q, Hong W, Gu Y Q 2016 High Pow. Las. Part. Beam 28 66 (in Chinese) [崔波, 贺书凯, 刘红杰, 戴曾海, 闫永宏, 卢峰, 李纲, 张发强, 洪伟, 谷渝秋 2016 强激光与粒子束 28 66]
[24]	Davis J, Petrov G M, Petrova T, Willingale L, Maksimchuk A, Krushelnick K 2010 Plasma Phys. Contr. F 52 045015
[25]	Zhang G Y, Ni B F, Li L, Tian W Z, Wang P S, Huang D H, Zhang L Z, Liu C S, Liu L K, Li D H 2005 Nucl. Tech. 28 663 (in Chinese) [张贵英, 倪邦发, 李丽, 田伟之, 王平生, 黄东辉, 张兰芝, 刘存兄, 刘立坤, 李德红 2005 核技术 28 663]
[26]	Lewis B J, Smith M B, Ing H, Andrews H R, Machrafi R, Tomi L, Matthews T J, Veloce L, Shurshakov V, Tchernykh I, Khoshooniy N 2012 Radiat. Prot. Posim. 150 1
[27]	Che X H, Zhao Y H, Guo S L, Zhu T C, Wang Y L, Fan Z J, Zhou P D 1991 Nucl. Tech. 14 394 (in Chinese) [彻秀红, 赵玉华, 郭士伦, 朱天成, 王玉兰, 樊中钧, 周培德 1991 核技术 14 394]
[28]	Olsher R H, Mclean T D, Mallett M W, Romero L L, Devine R T, Hoffman J M 2007 Radiat. Prot. Dosim 126 326
[29]	Yang J B, Huang H, Liu Z, Wang Q B, Wang X 2016 Sci. Technol. Eng. 16 89 (in Chinese) [杨剑波, 黄红, 刘志, 王琦标, 王旭 2016 科学技术与工程 16 89]
[30]	Zhang G G, Ouyang X P, Zhang J F, Wang Z Q, Zhang Z B, Ma Y L, Zhang X P, Chen J, Zhang X D, Pan H B, Luo H L, Liu Y N 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 2165 (in Chinese) [张国光, 欧阳晓平, 张建福, 王志强, 张忠兵, 马彦良, 张显鹏, 陈军, 张小东, 潘洪波, 骆海龙, 刘毅娜 2006 物理学报 55 2165]
[31]	Zhang X D, Qiu M T, Zhang J F, Ouyang X P, Zhang X P, Chen L 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 232502 (in Chinese) [张小东, 邱孟通, 张建福, 欧阳晓平, 张显鹏, 陈亮 2012 物理学报 61 232502]
[32]	Lengar I, Skvar J, Ili R 2002 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B 192 440
[33]	Zhang Y H, Zhang Z, Zhu B J, Jiang W M, Cheng L, Zhao L, Xu M H, Li Y J, Zhang X P, Zhao X, Yuan X H, Tong B W, Zhong J Y, He S K, Lu F, Wu Y C, Zhou W M, Zhang F Q, Zhou K N, Xie N, Huang Z, Gu Y Q, Li Y T 2018 Rev. Sci. Instrum 89 093302
[34]	Ing H, Noulty R A, Mclean T D 1997 Radiat. Meas. 27 1

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