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中低纬地区经常发生的电离层闪烁, 严重影响卫星链路的无线电信号传播过程, 导致卫星通信导航信号质量下降, 甚至中断. 在电离层闪烁发生前的酝酿生成期, 通过向电离层闪烁“种子因素”的等离子体泡内释放电子密度增强类化学物质, 填充等离子体泡, 改变等离子体环境特性, 调控电离层动力学过程, 能够降低电离层等离子体不稳定性增长率, 进而抑制闪烁的发生. 本文开展了基于化学物质释放的电离层闪烁抑制理论及方法研究, 根据化学物质释放对电离层等离子体环境的影响, 定量计算控制因素改变对不稳定性增长率的贡献, 建立了基于电子密度增强类化学物质释放的电离层闪烁抑制物理模型, 仿真了等离子体泡的填充过程及等离子体不稳定性增长率的演化过程. 仿真结果表明该方法具有较好的闪烁抑制效果, 为我国中低纬地区卫星信号电离层闪烁抑制研究奠定了理论基础.There occur frequently the ionospheric scintillation events at low and middle latitudes, which seriously affect the radio transmission process of satellite link, resulting in the decline of satellite communication and navigation signal quality and even interrupt. During the gestation period before the ionospheric scintillation, the growth rate of plasma instability can be reduced and thus suppress the scintillation events by releasing the electron density-enhancing chemicals in the ionosphere plasma bubble, filling with plasma bubble, changing the plasma environmental characteristics, and regulating the ionospheric dynamics process. The theory and method of suppressing the ionospheric scintillation based on chemical release are tnvestigated. According to the change of the plasma environment caused by the chemical release, and the quantitatively calculating of the contribution of control factors to the growth rate of instability, an ionospheric scintillation suppression model is built, which is based on chemical release into ionosphere. The process of plasma bubble filling out is simulated and the results of the simulation show that the plasma cloud is completely filled with plasma bubbles after 1200 seconds, which reduces the plasma density gradient and suppresses the growth of plasma instability. The growth of plasma instability decreases from 0.2 before releasing to about 0.0004 after releasing, and no new instability is excited within 20 minutes after the plasma bubble has been filled up. Guangdong, South China Sea and other regions in China are at the peak of equatorial anomalies, and the occurrence rate and severity of scintillation are more significant than those in the equatorial and Polar Regions, thus these regions become the regions where there occur most frequently the scintillation and the most serious influence globally. The research work of this paper will lay a solid theoretical foundation for the technology of suppressing the satellite signal ionospheric scintillation in middle and low latitude area of China.
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图 1 电离层闪烁对卫星导航和通信的影响示意图
Fig. 1. The schematic diagram of the influence of ionospheric scintillation on satellite navigation and communication
图 2 (a) MOSC-2试验期间夜晚电离层电子密度分布图; (b) 试验后第二天夜晚电子密度分布图
Fig. 2. (a) Electron density distribution at night during the experiment; (b) electron density distribution at next night of the experiment
图 3 电离层闪烁抑制仿真模型设计流程图
Fig. 3. The design flow chart of ionospheric scintillation suppression simulation model.
图 4 在250 km高度释放5.6 kg Sm蒸气, 电子密度随时间的演化
Fig. 4. Electron density evolution after releasing 5.6 kg Sm at 250 km altitude.
图 5 在250 km高度释放5.6 kg Sm蒸气的电离层闪烁抑制效果
Fig. 5. The scintillation suppression effect of releasing 5.6 kg Sm at 250 km altitude
图 6 在250 km高度释放5.6 kg Sm蒸气, 不稳定性增长率随时间的变化
Fig. 6. The evolution of instability growth rate after releasing 5.6 kg Sm at 250 km altitude.
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[1] Kelley M C 2009 The Earth’s Ionosphere: Plasma Physics & Electrodynamics 2nd Ed (Burlington: Academic Press) pp96–112
[2] Kuo S P, Cheo B R, Lee M C 1983 J. Geophys. Res. 88 417
Google Scholar
[3] Baker D N 2000 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 28 2007
Google Scholar
[4] Frederickson A R, Dennison J R 2003 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 50 2284
Google Scholar
[5] Gubby R, Evans J 2002 Atmos. Terr. Phys. 64 1723
Google Scholar
[6] Yokoyama T, Shinagawa H, Jin H 2014 J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 119 474
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[9] Dwight P S, Manfred A B, Hake R D 1981 Planet. Space Sci. 29 1267
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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