烷烃链长对直链烷烃液体膜摩擦性质的影响

张兆慧; 于晓东; 李海鹏; 韩奎

doi:10.7498/aps.68.20190740

摘要

采用分子动力学方法, 模拟了两块金[111]基板及其间由不同链长的直链烷烃C_nH_{2n + 2}(n = 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18)组成的7种纯液体膜及6种混合分子液体膜的摩擦行为, 分析了分子链长对薄膜摩擦性质的影响以及滑动过程中的膜的结构变化机制. 结果表明: 在纯液体膜中, 十六烷液体膜的摩擦力最大; 碳原子数 n > 8时, 液体膜摩擦性质随着分子链长的增加而保持稳定. 在C₆H₁₄与C_nH_{2n + 2}的1∶1混合液体膜中, 己烷与十二烷混合液体膜的摩擦最大; 当长链分子C_nH_{2n + 2}的碳原子数n > 12时, 混合膜的摩擦性质较为稳定; 烷烃分子的碳原子数n > 10时, 加入短链分子会增强膜的摩擦. 滑动过程中在基板表面附近形成的多层高致密性分层是降低摩擦的主要原因, 单层或无分层结构导致较高摩擦. 液体膜与基板间相互作用对摩擦有贡献, 摩擦力主要来自膜内粘滞作用.

关键词:

纳米摩擦 /
液体膜 /
链长 /
结构

Abstract

How to overcome the friction between the micro components has become a key point of the successful operation of the micro/nano-electric mechanical systems. The understanding of the friction mechanism of the alkane liquid film confined between two substrates is important when the friction law on a macro/nano scale is not applicable. In this work, the molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the effect of the chain length on the friction properties of the liquid films that are confined between two golden substrates. There are seven pure alkane liquid films that are composed of one molecule C_nH_{2n + 2}(n = 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18), and six mixed alkane liquid films that are composed of two molecules C₆H₁₄/C_nH_{2n + 2}(n = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18) with a ratio of 1∶1. The results show that the friction force and the coefficient of friction of pure alkane liquid films both increase as the chain length increases when the carbon atom number is less than 12, whereas the friction property keeps stable when the carbon atom number of the alkane molecule is greater than 10 and the pure hexadecane liquid film has the largest friction force. In the mixed films, the addition of short chain alkane molecules can strengthen the friction, and the hexane/dodecane mixed film has the maximum friction force. The short chain molecule dilutes the C₈H₁₈ film and C₁₀H₂₂ film which cause the friction force to decrease. During the sliding progress, the formation of solid-like high density-packet layers is the main reason for the friction reduction. When no solid-like layer or just one solid-like layer is formed at the interface of golden base, the liquid alkane film is liquid-like and its viscosity becomes much larger than that in the normal state, which leads to high friction force. The short chain molecules reduce the density of the solid-like layers, which causes the film to transform from solid-like state to liquid state, thus resulting in the increase of friction. The friction property mainly depends on the layered structure, and the interaction between the golden surface and liquid film contributes to the friction. This study helps to understand the friction mechanism of ultra-thin liquid films.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
宿迁学院信息工程学院, 宿迁　223800

2.
中国矿业大学物理科学与技术学院, 徐州　221116

通信作者: 李海鹏, haipli@cumt.edu.cn ; 韩奎, han6409@263.net

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11504418)、江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上项目(批准号: 16KJB460022)和中央高校基本科研业务费 (批准号: 2019ZDPY16)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Information Engineering, Suqian College, Suqian 223800, China

2.
School of Physical Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

Corresponding author: Li Hai-Peng, haipli@cumt.edu.cn ; Han Kui, han6409@263.net

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11504418), the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (Grant No. 16KJB460022), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. 2019ZDPY16)

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Lewis J B, Vilt S G, Rivera J L, Jennings G K, Mccabe C 2012 Langmuir 28 14218 Google Scholar
[2]	Yang G, Jin F, Yu L, Zhang P 2015 Tribo. Lett. 57 12 Google Scholar
[3]	Cheng H, Hu Y 2012 Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 171–172 53 Google Scholar
[4]	潘鹤, 滕淑华, 丁翠翠 2012 物理化学学报 28 917 Google Scholar Pan H, Teng S H, Ding C C 2012 Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 28 917 Google Scholar
[5]	Mcdermott M T, Green J B D, Porter M D 1997 Langmuir 13 25040
[6]	Booth B D, Vilt S G, Mccabe C, Jennings G K 2009 Langmuir 25 9995 Google Scholar
[7]	刘蕾, 宋仕永, 张平余 2012 物理化学学报 28 427 Google Scholar Liu L, Song S Y, Zhang P Y 2012 Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 28 427 Google Scholar
[8]	张兆慧, 韩奎, 曹娟, 王帆, 杨丽娟 2012 物理学报 61 028701 Google Scholar Zhang Z H, Han K, Cao J, Wang F, Yang L J 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 028701 Google Scholar
[9]	Gosvami N N, Egberts P, Bennewitz R 2011 J. Phys. Chem. A 115 6942 Google Scholar
[10]	Granick S 1991 Science 253 1374 Google Scholar
[11]	Cui S T, Cummings P T, Cochran H D 2001 Fluid Phase Equilibria 183–184 381 Google Scholar
[12]	Vasko A A, Kutsenko V Y, Marchenko A A, Braun O M 2019 Tribo. Lett. 67 49 Google Scholar
[13]	Ewen J P, Gattinoni C, Zhang J, Heyes D M, Spikes H A, Dini D 2017 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19 17883 Google Scholar
[14]	Jorgensen W L, Tirado-Rives J 1988 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110 1657 Google Scholar
[15]	Maxwell D S, Tirado-Rives J, Jorgensen W L 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 11225 Google Scholar
[16]	Damm W, Frontera A, Tirado-Rives J, Jorgensen L W 1997 J. Comp. Chem. 18 1955 Google Scholar
[17]	张兆慧, 李海鹏, 韩奎 2013 物理学报 62 158701 Google Scholar Zhang Z H, Li H P, Han K 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 158701 Google Scholar
[18]	Jiang B W, Keffer J D, Edwards J B 2006 J. Fluorine Chem. 127 787 Google Scholar
[19]	Daw M S, Baskes M I 1984 Phys. Rev. B 29 6443 Google Scholar
[20]	Savio D, Fillot N, Vergne P, Zaccheddu M 2012 Tribo. Lett. 46 11 Google Scholar
[21]	Plimpton S 1995 J. Comp. Phys. 117 1 Google Scholar
[22]	Sabzevari S M, Mcgraw J D, Woodadams P 2016 RSC Adv. 6 91163 Google Scholar
[23]	Mazyar O A, Jennings G K, Mccabe C 2009 Langmuir 25 5103 Google Scholar

施引文献

图 1 液态烷烃C₁₈H₃₈润滑膜模型

Fig. 1. Liquid alkane C₁₈H₃₈ lubricant film model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 (a) C₁₂H₂₆液体膜在滑动过程中的摩擦力随滑动距离的变化; (b) 7种液体膜的平均摩擦力和平均摩擦系数

Fig. 2. (a) Friction curve of C₁₂H₂₆ liquid film in sliding process with sliding distance; (b) the average friction force and average coefficient of friction (COF) of the seven liquid films

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 六种混合分子膜的平均摩擦力和平均摩擦系数

Fig. 3. The average friction force and average COF of the six mixed films

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 (a)纯C₁₂H₂₆液体膜在滑动过程中的分层结构; (b)四种纯液体膜沿Z方向的密度分布

Fig. 4. (a) Layered structure of C₁₂H₂₆ liquid film in sliding process; (b) density distribution along Z direction of four pure liquid films (C₆H₁₄, C₁₂H₂₆, C₁₆H₃₄, C₁₈H₄₀).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 混合液体膜在上基板表面形成的分层内分子分布图　(a) C6C8; (b) C6C12; (c) C6C18

Fig. 5. Distribution of the molecules in the layer formed on the surface of the base: (a) C6C8; (b) C6C12; (c) C6C18.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 混合膜在滑动过程沿着Z方向密度分布

Fig. 6. Distribution of density along Z direction in sliding process of mixed films

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 纯液体膜中上基板与液体膜间相互作用 (kJ/mol)

Table 1. Interaction between upper substrate and liquid film (kJ/mol)

模型	C6	C8	C10	C12	C14	C16	C18
作用能	2285	2434	2438	2484	2496	2408	2488

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 混合液体膜中上基板与液体膜间相互作用(kJ/mol)

Table 2. Interaction between upper substrate and mixed liquid film (kJ/mol).

模型	C6C8	C6C10	C6C12	C6C14	C6C16	C6C18
作用能	2396	2396	2893	2438	2400	2505

下载: 导出CSV

[1]	Lewis J B, Vilt S G, Rivera J L, Jennings G K, Mccabe C 2012 Langmuir 28 14218 Google Scholar
[2]	Yang G, Jin F, Yu L, Zhang P 2015 Tribo. Lett. 57 12 Google Scholar
[3]	Cheng H, Hu Y 2012 Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 171–172 53 Google Scholar
[4]	潘鹤, 滕淑华, 丁翠翠 2012 物理化学学报 28 917 Google Scholar Pan H, Teng S H, Ding C C 2012 Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 28 917 Google Scholar
[5]	Mcdermott M T, Green J B D, Porter M D 1997 Langmuir 13 25040
[6]	Booth B D, Vilt S G, Mccabe C, Jennings G K 2009 Langmuir 25 9995 Google Scholar
[7]	刘蕾, 宋仕永, 张平余 2012 物理化学学报 28 427 Google Scholar Liu L, Song S Y, Zhang P Y 2012 Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 28 427 Google Scholar
[8]	张兆慧, 韩奎, 曹娟, 王帆, 杨丽娟 2012 物理学报 61 028701 Google Scholar Zhang Z H, Han K, Cao J, Wang F, Yang L J 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 028701 Google Scholar
[9]	Gosvami N N, Egberts P, Bennewitz R 2011 J. Phys. Chem. A 115 6942 Google Scholar
[10]	Granick S 1991 Science 253 1374 Google Scholar
[11]	Cui S T, Cummings P T, Cochran H D 2001 Fluid Phase Equilibria 183–184 381 Google Scholar
[12]	Vasko A A, Kutsenko V Y, Marchenko A A, Braun O M 2019 Tribo. Lett. 67 49 Google Scholar
[13]	Ewen J P, Gattinoni C, Zhang J, Heyes D M, Spikes H A, Dini D 2017 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19 17883 Google Scholar
[14]	Jorgensen W L, Tirado-Rives J 1988 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110 1657 Google Scholar
[15]	Maxwell D S, Tirado-Rives J, Jorgensen W L 1996 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 11225 Google Scholar
[16]	Damm W, Frontera A, Tirado-Rives J, Jorgensen L W 1997 J. Comp. Chem. 18 1955 Google Scholar
[17]	张兆慧, 李海鹏, 韩奎 2013 物理学报 62 158701 Google Scholar Zhang Z H, Li H P, Han K 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 158701 Google Scholar
[18]	Jiang B W, Keffer J D, Edwards J B 2006 J. Fluorine Chem. 127 787 Google Scholar
[19]	Daw M S, Baskes M I 1984 Phys. Rev. B 29 6443 Google Scholar
[20]	Savio D, Fillot N, Vergne P, Zaccheddu M 2012 Tribo. Lett. 46 11 Google Scholar
[21]	Plimpton S 1995 J. Comp. Phys. 117 1 Google Scholar
[22]	Sabzevari S M, Mcgraw J D, Woodadams P 2016 RSC Adv. 6 91163 Google Scholar
[23]	Mazyar O A, Jennings G K, Mccabe C 2009 Langmuir 25 5103 Google Scholar

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烷烃链长对直链烷烃液体膜摩擦性质的影响