太阳电池阵二级轻气炮超高速撞击特性研究

郑建东; 牛锦超; 钟红仙; 龚自正; 曹燕

doi:10.7498/aps.68.20191132

摘要

采用二级轻气炮对航天器太阳电池阵开展了超高速撞击地面模拟试验, 研究了不同撞击位置、撞击速度、弹丸直径等工况下太阳电池阵的机械损伤特性. 试验结果显示: 地面模拟试验产生的穿孔区、玻璃盖片剥落区、裂纹扩展区等损伤形貌与在轨撞击产生的损伤形貌符合良好; 穿孔直径和玻璃盖片剥落区直径与弹丸的直径和撞击速度相关. 建立了撞击角为0°时太阳电池阵穿孔直径、玻璃盖片剥落区直径的损伤方程. 本文的研究方法对我国航天器太阳电池阵超高速撞击损伤特征研究有借鉴意义, 所建立的损伤方程对我国航天工程实践具有重要的工程应用价值.

关键词:

Abstract

Using two-stage light gas gun, we study the hypervelocity impact characteristics of spacecraft key component, solar cell arrays. The damage morphologies in the ground simulation tests match well with those on-situ orbital impacts. The main characteristics of mechanical damage, including the central pit, cover glass shatter zone, and conchiodal spallation, are measured by using a microscope under 20 times magnification. To study the mechanical damage properties in solar arrays, we carry out 15 shots totally, under different impact locations, impact velocities, and particle diameters. Under the condition of impact angel of zero degree, the damage equation of perforation diameter of solar arrays and the damage equation of the diameter of shatter zone in cover glass are developed, respectively. The results show that the perforation diameter and the diameter of cover glass shatter zone are mainly related to the diameter of particle with 2/3 power, while related to the velocity of impact with 1/6 power. Compared with the damage equation in the literature, the damage equations in this article are very suitable for describing hypervelocity impact damage properties of solar arrays used in our country's spacecraft. The results are of significance for our country's aerospace engineering.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国空间技术研究院, 通信卫星事业部机械工程研究室, 北京　100094

2.
北京卫星环境工程研究所, 可靠性与环境工程技术国防科技重点试验室, 北京　100094

3.
华北水利水电大学土木与交通学院, 郑州　450045

通信作者: 牛锦超, 51506283@qq.com

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号: 2010 CB731600)和国家国防科工局空间碎片专项(批准号: KJSP06209)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
Institute of Telecommunication Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China

2.
Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Reliability and Environment Engineering, Beijing 100094, China

3.
School of Civil Engineering and Communication, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China

Corresponding author: Niu Jin-Chao, 51506283@qq.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2010 CB731600) and the Specialized Research Program for the Protection against Space Debris of China (Grant No. KJSP06209)

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Drolshagen G, Mcdonnell T, Mandeville J C, Moussic A 2006 Acta Astron. 58 471 Google Scholar
[2]	Medina D F, Wright L, Campbell M 2001 Advances in Space Research 28 1347 Google Scholar
[3]	Mcdonnell J A, Catling D J, Herbert M K, Clegg R A 2001 Int. J. Impact Engin. 26 487 Google Scholar
[4]	Stansbery E G, Foster J L 2004 Advances in Space Research 34 878 Google Scholar
[5]	Drolshagen G, Mcdonnell J A, Stevenson T, Aceti R, Gerlach L 1995 Advances in Space Research 16 85
[6]	Moussi A, Drolshagen G, Mcdonnell J A, et al 2005 Advances in Space Research 35 1243 Google Scholar
[7]	Graham G A, Mcbride N, Kearsley A T, Drolshagen G, Green S F, Mcdonnell J A M, Grady M M, Wright I P 2001 Int. J. Impact Engin. 26 263 Google Scholar
[8]	Kearsley A T, Graham G A, Mcdonnell J A M, Taylor E A, Drolshagen G, Chater R J, McPhail D, Burchell M J 2007 Advances in Space Research 39 590 Google Scholar
[9]	Christie R J, Best S R, Myhre C A 1994 NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI), NASA Technical Memorandum 106509 1
[10]	Burt R R, Christiansen E L 2001 Orbital Debris Quarterly News 6 2
[11]	Burt R R, Christiansen E L 2001 NASA Johnson Space Center Report No. JSC- 29485 1
[12]	Stadermann F J, Heiss C H, Reichling M 1997 Advances in Space Research 20 1517 Google Scholar
[13]	Akahoshi Y, Nakamura T, Fukushige S, Furusawa N, Kusunoki S, Machida Y, Koura T, Watanabe K, Hosoda S, Fujita T, Cho M 2008 Int. J. Impact Engin. 35 1678 Google Scholar
[14]	Harano T, Machida Y, Fukushige S, Koura T, Hosoda S, Cho M, Akahoshi Y 2006 Int. J. Impact Engin. 33 326 Google Scholar
[15]	黄建国, 韩建伟, 李宏伟, 蔡明辉, 李小银 2008 物理学报 57 7950 Google Scholar Huang J G, Han W, Li H W, Cai M H, Li X Y 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 7950 Google Scholar
[16]	李宏伟, 黄建国, 韩建伟, 蔡明辉, 李小银, 高著秀 2010 航天器环境工程 27 290 Google Scholar Li H W, Huang J G, Han J W, Cai M H, Li X Y, Gao Z X 2010 Spacecraft Environment Engineering 27 290 Google Scholar
[17]	张立佼 2015 硕士学位论文 (沈阳: 沈阳理工大学) Zhang L J 2005 M. S. Thesis (Shenyang: Shenyang Ligong University) (in Chinese)
[18]	Tang En LLng, Li Z, Zhang Q M, Wang M, Xiang S H, Liu S H, He L P, Han Y F, Xia J, Wang H L, Xu M Y 2016 Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech. 51 337 Google Scholar
[19]	姜东升, 郑世贵, 马宁, 刘莹, 邱羽玲 2017 航天器工程 26 114 Google Scholar Jiang D S, Zheng S G, Ma N, Liu Y, Qiu Y L 2017 Spacecraft Engineering 26 114 Google Scholar
[20]	张书锋, 柴昊, 周玉新, 张明志, 刘振风, 王田 2016 爆炸与冲击 36 386 Google Scholar Zhang SF, Chai H, Zhou Y X, Zhang M Z, Liu Z F, Wang T 2016 Explosion and Shock Waves 36 386 Google Scholar

施引文献

图 1 太阳电池片单元与碳纤维蜂窝板试样

Fig. 1. Experimental speicmen: Solar array cells and carbon fiber honeycomb plate.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 超高速撞击试件照片

Fig. 2. Photograph of experimental specimen in hypervelocity tests.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 撞击点位置示意图 (a)单片中心A; (b)单片边缘B; (c)两片连接处C

Fig. 3. Impact point location: (a) Center of a cell; (b) edge of a cell; (c) joints of two or more cells.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 太阳电池片损伤形貌　(a)撞击单片中心区域No.5; (b)撞击两片连接处No.12; (c)撞击单片边界No.8

Fig. 4. Damage morphology of solar cells: (a) Center of a cell; (b) joints of two cells; (c) edge of a cell.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 哈勃望远镜太阳电池阵电池面超高速撞击穿孔形貌^[1,6]

Fig. 5. A front-back perforation of the solar arrays exposed on the hubble space telescope caused by orbital debris impact^[1,6]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 穿孔面积与剥落区面积(No.16)

Fig. 6. Measured parameters of perforation hole area and conchoidal area (No.16).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 穿孔直径D_h与弹丸直径d的关系

Fig. 7. Relationship between projectile diameter d and perforation diameter D_h.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 穿孔直径D_h与撞击速度v的关系

Fig. 8. Relationship between perforation diameter D_h and impact velocity v.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 穿孔直径D_h方程的曲线

Fig. 9. Equations of perforation diameter D_h.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 贝壳状剥落区直径D_s方程的曲线(撞击位置类型A)

Fig. 10. Equations of conchoidal diameter D_s (Type A of impact position).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 贝壳状剥落区直径D_s方程的曲线(撞击位置类型B, C)

Fig. 11. Equations of conchoidal diameter D_s (Type B and C of impact position).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 穿孔直径D_h与剥落区等效直径D_s的关系

Fig. 12. Relationship between perforation diameter D_h and conchoidal diameter D_s.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 试验结果

Table 1. Test result.

试样编号	弹丸直径d/mm	弹丸速度v/km·s^–1	穿孔直径D_h/mm	剥落区直径D_s/mm	撞击点	分组
No.01	3.04	3.213	3.91	8.15	A	1
No.02	3.02	6.245	5.17	11.93	B	1
No.03	3.04	6.093	4.81	10.65	A	2
No.04	5.00	6.301	7.16	14.42	A	1
No.05	5.00	4.097	6.31	12.65	A	1
No.06	5.00	5.242	6.67	13.83	A	2
No.07	4.02	6.581	5.86	11.70	A	1
No.08	5.00	3.247	6.37	19.15	B	1
No.10	5.00	4.332	6.70	13.50	B	1
No.11	4.04	5.127	5.58	18.26	C	1
No.12	5.00	3.205	6.90	12.83	C	2
No.14	2.04	6.398	4.21	10.06	B	1
No.15	1.00	6.675	2.48	5.93	A	1
No.16	4.52	5.892	7.07	17.92	B	2

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 穿孔直径方程的检验

Table 2. Comparison between the equation values and experimental data.

试样编号	弹丸直径d/mm	弹丸速度v/km·s^–1	穿孔直径D_h/mm	撞击位置类型	本文方程预测D_h值	预测误差
No.03	3.04	6.093	4.81	A	5.05	5.0%
No.06	5.00	5.242	6.67	A	6.86	2.8%
No.12	5.00	3.205	6.90	B	6.32	–8.4%
No.16	4.52	5.892	7.07	A	6.54	–7.5%

下载: 导出CSV

[1]	Drolshagen G, Mcdonnell T, Mandeville J C, Moussic A 2006 Acta Astron. 58 471 Google Scholar
[2]	Medina D F, Wright L, Campbell M 2001 Advances in Space Research 28 1347 Google Scholar
[3]	Mcdonnell J A, Catling D J, Herbert M K, Clegg R A 2001 Int. J. Impact Engin. 26 487 Google Scholar
[4]	Stansbery E G, Foster J L 2004 Advances in Space Research 34 878 Google Scholar
[5]	Drolshagen G, Mcdonnell J A, Stevenson T, Aceti R, Gerlach L 1995 Advances in Space Research 16 85
[6]	Moussi A, Drolshagen G, Mcdonnell J A, et al 2005 Advances in Space Research 35 1243 Google Scholar
[7]	Graham G A, Mcbride N, Kearsley A T, Drolshagen G, Green S F, Mcdonnell J A M, Grady M M, Wright I P 2001 Int. J. Impact Engin. 26 263 Google Scholar
[8]	Kearsley A T, Graham G A, Mcdonnell J A M, Taylor E A, Drolshagen G, Chater R J, McPhail D, Burchell M J 2007 Advances in Space Research 39 590 Google Scholar
[9]	Christie R J, Best S R, Myhre C A 1994 NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI), NASA Technical Memorandum 106509 1
[10]	Burt R R, Christiansen E L 2001 Orbital Debris Quarterly News 6 2
[11]	Burt R R, Christiansen E L 2001 NASA Johnson Space Center Report No. JSC- 29485 1
[12]	Stadermann F J, Heiss C H, Reichling M 1997 Advances in Space Research 20 1517 Google Scholar
[13]	Akahoshi Y, Nakamura T, Fukushige S, Furusawa N, Kusunoki S, Machida Y, Koura T, Watanabe K, Hosoda S, Fujita T, Cho M 2008 Int. J. Impact Engin. 35 1678 Google Scholar
[14]	Harano T, Machida Y, Fukushige S, Koura T, Hosoda S, Cho M, Akahoshi Y 2006 Int. J. Impact Engin. 33 326 Google Scholar
[15]	黄建国, 韩建伟, 李宏伟, 蔡明辉, 李小银 2008 物理学报 57 7950 Google Scholar Huang J G, Han W, Li H W, Cai M H, Li X Y 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 7950 Google Scholar
[16]	李宏伟, 黄建国, 韩建伟, 蔡明辉, 李小银, 高著秀 2010 航天器环境工程 27 290 Google Scholar Li H W, Huang J G, Han J W, Cai M H, Li X Y, Gao Z X 2010 Spacecraft Environment Engineering 27 290 Google Scholar
[17]	张立佼 2015 硕士学位论文 (沈阳: 沈阳理工大学) Zhang L J 2005 M. S. Thesis (Shenyang: Shenyang Ligong University) (in Chinese)
[18]	Tang En LLng, Li Z, Zhang Q M, Wang M, Xiang S H, Liu S H, He L P, Han Y F, Xia J, Wang H L, Xu M Y 2016 Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech. 51 337 Google Scholar
[19]	姜东升, 郑世贵, 马宁, 刘莹, 邱羽玲 2017 航天器工程 26 114 Google Scholar Jiang D S, Zheng S G, Ma N, Liu Y, Qiu Y L 2017 Spacecraft Engineering 26 114 Google Scholar
[20]	张书锋, 柴昊, 周玉新, 张明志, 刘振风, 王田 2016 爆炸与冲击 36 386 Google Scholar Zhang SF, Chai H, Zhou Y X, Zhang M Z, Liu Z F, Wang T 2016 Explosion and Shock Waves 36 386 Google Scholar

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