搜索

x

留言板

尊敬的读者、作者、审稿人, 关于本刊的投稿、审稿、编辑和出版的任何问题, 您可以本页添加留言。我们将尽快给您答复。谢谢您的支持!

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

自旋轨道耦合量子气体中的一些新进展

施婷婷 汪六九 王璟琨 张威

引用本文:
Citation:

自旋轨道耦合量子气体中的一些新进展

施婷婷, 汪六九, 王璟琨, 张威

Some recent progresses on the study of ultracold quantum gases with spin-orbit coupling

Shi Ting-Ting, Wang Liu-Jiu, Wang Jing-Kun, Zhang Wei
PDF
HTML
导出引用
  • 随着人造规范势和自旋轨道耦合在冷原子体系中的实现, 对这类效应的研究成为了冷原子物理研究的热门方向之一. 冷原子系统具有丰富的可操控性, 因此不仅可以作为优秀的量子模拟平台来研究其他领域中有意义的模型和问题, 还基于体系自身的特点衍生出了一系列新颖的问题和方向. 本文将以综述的形式介绍具有自旋轨道耦合的超冷原子系统中的一些新研究进展, 重点关注该体系中特有的物理要素, 如耗散、新颖的相互作用形式、大自旋和长程相互作用对系统性质的影响. 这些研究进展可以为理解自旋轨道耦合效应提供新的启示和思路.
    Artificial synthetic gauge field and spin-orbit coupling has been extensively studied following their experimental realization in ultracold atomic systems. Thanks for the versatile controllability, such systems not only provide possibilities to simulate and study important models in multidisciplinary fields of physics, but also work as an excellent platform to engineer novel states of matter and quantum phenomena. This paper reviews some recent progresses on the study of ultracold atomic systems with spin-orbit coupling, focusing on the effects induced by dissipation, novel interaction forms, large symmetry of spins, and long-range interactions. The investigation in these aspects is closely related to the characteristics of ultracold atomic systems, hence can bring new inspirations and perspectives on the understanding of spin-orbit coupling. In this review, we firstly investigate the appearance of a topological superradiant state in a quasi-one-dimensional Fermi gas with cavity-assisted Raman process. A cavity-assisted spin-orbit coupling and a bulk gap opening at half filling will be induced by the superradiant light generated in the transversely driven cavity mode. The topological superradiant state and the corresponding topological phase transition in the system can be driven by this mechanism. Then, symmetry-protected topological states of interacting fermions will be introduced in a quasi-one-dimensional cold gas of alkaline-earth-like atoms. Raman-assisted spin-orbit couplings in the clock states, together with the spin-exchange interactions in the clock-state manifolds will give rise to symmetry-protected topological states for interacting fermions, by taking advantage of the separation of orbital and nuclear-spin degrees of freedom in these alkaline-earth-like atoms. Furthermore, we show that an exotic topological defect, double-quantum spin vortices, which are characterized by doubly quantized circulating spin currents and unmagnetized filled cores, can exist in the ground states of SU(3) spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates. It is found that the combined effects of SU(3) spin-orbit coupling and spin-exchange interaction determine the ground-state phase diagram. Finally, we demonstrate that spin-orbit coupling and soft-core long-range interaction can induce an exotic supersolid phase of Bose gas, with the emergence of spontaneous circulating particle current. This implies that a finite angular momentum can be generated with neither external rotation nor synthetic magnetic field, and the direction of the angular momentum can be altered by adjusting the strength of spin-orbit coupling or interatomic interaction.
      通信作者: 王璟琨, jkwang@ruc.edu.cn ; 张威, wzhangl@ruc.edu.cn
    • 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2018YFA0306501)、国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11434011, 11522436, 11774425)和中国人民大学科研基金(批准号: 16XNLQ03, 18XNLQ15)资助的课题
      Corresponding author: Wang Jing-Kun, jkwang@ruc.edu.cn ; Zhang Wei, wzhangl@ruc.edu.cn
    • Funds: Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFA0306501), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11434011, 11522436, 11774425), and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China (Grant Nos. 16XNLQ03, 18XNLQ15)
    [1]

    Gong M, Tewari S, Zhang C 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 195303Google Scholar

    [2]

    Hu H, Jiang L, Liu X J, Pu H 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 195304Google Scholar

    [3]

    Han L, Melo C A R S' a de 2012 Phys. Rev. A 85 011606(R)Google Scholar

    [4]

    Yu Z Q, Zhai H 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 195305Google Scholar

    [5]

    Iskin M, Subası A L 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 050402Google Scholar

    [6]

    Yi W, Guo G C 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 031608(R)Google Scholar

    [7]

    Lin Y J, Jiménez-García K, Spielman I B 2011 Nature (London) 471 83Google Scholar

    [8]

    Wang P J, Yu Z Q, Fu Z K, Miao J, Huang L H, Chai S J, Zhai H, Zhang J 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 095301Google Scholar

    [9]

    Cheuk L W, Sommer A T, Hadzibabic Z, Yefsah T, Bakr W S, Zwierlein M W 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 095302Google Scholar

    [10]

    Huang L H, Meng Z M, Wang P J, Peng P, Zhang S L, Chen L C, Li D H, Zhou Q, Zhang J 2016 Nat. Phys. 12 540Google Scholar

    [11]

    Wu Z, Zhang L, Sun W, Xu X T, Wang B Z, Ji S C, Deng Y, Chen S, Liu X J, Pan J W 2016 Science 354 83Google Scholar

    [12]

    Chen H R, Lin K Y, Chen P K, Chiu N C, Wang J B, Chen C A, Huang P P, Yip S K, Kawaguchi Y, Lin Y J 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 113204Google Scholar

    [13]

    Zhang D F, Gao T Y, Zou P, Kong L R, Li R Z, Shen X, Chen X L, Peng S G, Zhan M S, Pu H, Jiang K J 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 110402Google Scholar

    [14]

    Zhai H 2015 Rep. Prog. Phys. 78 026001Google Scholar

    [15]

    Vyasanakere J P, Shenoy V B 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 094515Google Scholar

    [16]

    Vyasanakere J P, Zhang S Z, Shenoy V B 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 014512Google Scholar

    [17]

    Xu Z F, Lü R, You L 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 053602Google Scholar

    [18]

    Kawakami T, Mizushima T, Machida K 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 011607Google Scholar

    [19]

    Wu C J, Mondragon-Shem I, Zhou X F 2011 Chin. Phys. Lett. 28 097102Google Scholar

    [20]

    Stanescu T D, Anderson B, Galitski V 2008 Phys. Rev. A 78 023616Google Scholar

    [21]

    Deng Y, Cheng J, Jing H, Sun C P, Yi S 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 125301Google Scholar

    [22]

    Kawakami T, Mizushima T, Nitta M, Machida K 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 015301Google Scholar

    [23]

    Li Y, Zhou X F, Wu C J 2016 Phys. Rev. A 93 033628Google Scholar

    [24]

    Sinha S, Nath R, Santos L 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 270401Google Scholar

    [25]

    Hu H, Ramachandhran B, Pu H, Liu X J 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 010402Google Scholar

    [26]

    Ramachandhran B, Hu H, Pu H 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 033627Google Scholar

    [27]

    Li Y, Zhou X F, Wu C J 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 125122Google Scholar

    [28]

    Campbell D L, Juzeliūnas G, Spielman I B 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 025602Google Scholar

    [29]

    Sau J D, Sensarma R, Powell S, Spielman I B, Sarma S D 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 140510(R)Google Scholar

    [30]

    Xu Z F, You L 2012 Phys. Rev. A 85 043605Google Scholar

    [31]

    Liu X J, Law K T, Ng T K 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 086401Google Scholar

    [32]

    Anderson B M, Spielman I B, Juzeliūnas 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 125301Google Scholar

    [33]

    Xu Z F, You L, Ueda M 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 063634Google Scholar

    [34]

    Anderson B M, Juzeliünas G, Galitski V M, Spielman I B 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 235301Google Scholar

    [35]

    Zhou J, Zhang W, Yi W 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 063603Google Scholar

    [36]

    Chen J, Hu H, Gao X L 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 023619Google Scholar

    [37]

    Chen C 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 235302Google Scholar

    [38]

    Qu C L, Zheng Z, Gong M, Xu Y, Mao L, Zou X B, Guo G C, Zhang C W 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2710Google Scholar

    [39]

    Liu X J, Hu H 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 023622Google Scholar

    [40]

    Zhang W, Yi W 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2711Google Scholar

    [41]

    Cui X L, Yi W 2014 Phys. Rev. X 4 031026

    [42]

    Shi Z Y, Cui X L, Zhai H 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett 112 013201Google Scholar

    [43]

    Pan J S, Liu X J, Zhang W, Yi W, Guo G C 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 045303Google Scholar

    [44]

    Han W, Zhang X F, Song S W, Saito H, Zhang W, Liu W M, Zhang S G 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 033629Google Scholar

    [45]

    Han W, Zhang X F, Wang D S, Jiang K J, Zhang W, Zhang S G 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 030404Google Scholar

    [46]

    Zhou X F, Pan J S, Liu Z X, Zhang W, Yi W, Chen G, Jia S T 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 185701Google Scholar

    [47]

    Dalibard J, Gerbier F, Juzeliūnas G, Öberg P 2011 Rev. Mod. Phys. 83 1523Google Scholar

    [48]

    Yi W, Zhang W, Cui X 2015 Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 58 1-11

    [49]

    Lin Y J, Compton R L, Jiménez-García K, Porto J V, Spielman I B 2009 Nature (London) 462 628Google Scholar

    [50]

    Lin Y J, Compton R L, Jiménez-García K, Porto J V, Spielman I B 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 531Google Scholar

    [51]

    Ruseckas J, Juzeliūnas G, Öhberg P, Fleischhauer M 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 010404Google Scholar

    [52]

    Zhang L, Liu X J 2018 arXiv 1806 05628

    [53]

    Liu X J, Liu Z X, Cheng M 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 076401Google Scholar

    [54]

    Sun W, Wang B Z, Xu X T, Yi C R, Zhang L, Wu Z, Deng Y, Liu X J, Chen S, Pan J W 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 150401Google Scholar

    [55]

    Baumann K, Guerlin C, Brennecke F, Esslinger T 2010 Nature (London) 464 1301Google Scholar

    [56]

    Ritsch H, Domokos P, Brennecke F, Esslinger T 2013 Rev. Mod. Phys. 85 553Google Scholar

    [57]

    Dalla Torre E G, Diehl S, Lukin M D, Sachdev S, Strack P 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 023831Google Scholar

    [58]

    Gopalakrishnan S, Lev B L, Goldbart P M 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 845Google Scholar

    [59]

    Strack P, Sachdev S 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 277202Google Scholar

    [60]

    Müller M, Strack P, Sachdev S 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 023604Google Scholar

    [61]

    Domokos P, Ritsch H 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 253003Google Scholar

    [62]

    Dimer F, Estienne B, Parkins A S, Carmichael H J 2007 Phys. Rev. A 75 013804Google Scholar

    [63]

    Nagy D, Konya G, Szirmai G, Domokos P 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 130401Google Scholar

    [64]

    Keeling J, Bhaseen M J, Simons B D 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 143002Google Scholar

    [65]

    Piazza F, Strack P 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 143003Google Scholar

    [66]

    Chen Y, Yu Z, Zhai H 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 143004Google Scholar

    [67]

    Hasan M Z, Kane C L 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 3045Google Scholar

    [68]

    Qi X L, Zhang S C 2011 Rev. Mod. Phys. 83 1057Google Scholar

    [69]

    Lin Y J, Jiménez-García K, Spielman I B 2011 Nature 471 83

    [70]

    Wang P J, Yu Z Q, Fu Z K, Miao J, Huang L H, Chai S J, Zhai H, Zhang J 2012 Phys. Rev. Letter 109 095301

    [71]

    Galitski V, Spielman I B 2013 Nature (London) 494 49Google Scholar

    [72]

    Goldman N, Juzeliūnas G, Öberg P, Spielman I B 2014 Rep. Prog. Phys. 77 126401Google Scholar

    [73]

    Zhou X, Li Y, Cai Z, Wu C 2013 J. Phys. B 46 134001Google Scholar

    [74]

    Deng Y, Cheng J, Jing H, Yi S 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 143007Google Scholar

    [75]

    Dong L, Zhou L, Wu B, Ramachandhran B, Pu H 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 011602(R)Google Scholar

    [76]

    Pan J S, Liu X J, Zhang W, Yi W, Guo G C 2015 Phys. Rev. Letter 115 045303

    [77]

    Liu X J, Law K T, Ng T K 2014 Phys. Rev. Letter 112 086401

    [78]

    Gu Z C, Wen X G 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 155131Google Scholar

    [79]

    Pollmann F, Berg E, Turner A M, Oshikawa M 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 075125Google Scholar

    [80]

    Wen X G 1989 Phys. Rev. B 40 7387

    [81]

    Wen X G, Niu Q 1990 Phys. Rev. B 41 9377Google Scholar

    [82]

    Wen X G 1990 Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 04 239Google Scholar

    [83]

    Haldane F D M 1983 Phys. Rev. Lett. 50 1153Google Scholar

    [84]

    Kane C L, Mele E J 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 146802Google Scholar

    [85]

    Bernevig B A, Zhang S C 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 106802Google Scholar

    [86]

    Moore J E, Balents L 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 121306(R)Google Scholar

    [87]

    Fu L, Kane C L, Mele E J 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 106803Google Scholar

    [88]

    Qi X L, Hughes T L, Zhang S C 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 195424Google Scholar

    [89]

    Chen X, Gu Z C, Wen X G 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 035107Google Scholar

    [90]

    Chen X, Gu Z C, Liu Z X, Wen X G 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 155114Google Scholar

    [91]

    Kitaev A 2009 AIP Conf. Proc. 1134 22

    [92]

    Ryu S, Schnyder A, Furusaki A, Ludwig A 2010 New J. Phys. 12 065010Google Scholar

    [93]

    Fidkowski L, Kitaev A 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 134509Google Scholar

    [94]

    Gu Z C, Wen X G 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 115141Google Scholar

    [95]

    Wang C, Potter A C, Senthil T 2014 Science 343 629Google Scholar

    [96]

    Wu H Q, He Y Y, You Y Z, Yoshida T, Kawakami N, Xu C, Meng Z Y, Lu Z Y 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 165121Google Scholar

    [97]

    Takamoto M, Hong F L, Higashi R, Katori H 2005 Nature (London) 435 321Google Scholar

    [98]

    Ludlow A D, Boyd M M, Zelevinsky T, Foreman S M, Blatt S, Notcutt M, Ido T, Ye J 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 033003Google Scholar

    [99]

    Swallows M D, Bishof M, Lin Y, Blatt S, Martin M J, Rey A M, Ye J 2011 Science 331 1043Google Scholar

    [100]

    Bloom B J, Nicholson T L, Williams J R, Campbell S L, Bishof M, Zhang X, Zhang W, Bromley S L, Ye J 2014 Nature (London) 506 71Google Scholar

    [101]

    Cazalilla M A, Rey A M 2014 Rep. Prog. Phys. 77 124401Google Scholar

    [102]

    Gorshkov A V, Rey A M, Daley A J, Boyd M M, Ye J, Zoller P, Lukin M D 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 110503Google Scholar

    [103]

    Wu C, Hu J P, Zhang S C 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 186402Google Scholar

    [104]

    Fukuhara T, Takasu Y, Kumakura M, Takahashi Y 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 030401Google Scholar

    [105]

    Cazalilla M A, Ho A F, Ueda M 2009 New J. Phys. 11 103033Google Scholar

    [106]

    Stellmer S, Tey M K, Huang B, Grimm R, Schreck F 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 200401Google Scholar

    [107]

    DeSalvo B J, Yan M, Mickelson P G, Martinez de Escobar Y N, Killian T C 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 030402Google Scholar

    [108]

    Gorshkov A V, Hermele M, Gurarie V, Xu C, Julienne P S, Ye J, Zoller P, Demler E, Lukin M D, Rey A M 2010 Nat. Phys. 6 289Google Scholar

    [109]

    Kobayashi K, Okumura M, Ota Y, Yamada S, Machida M 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 235302Google Scholar

    [110]

    Nonne H, Moliner M, Capponi S, Lecheminant P, Totsuka K 2013 Europhys. Lett. 102 37008Google Scholar

    [111]

    Duivenvoorden K, Quella T 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 125145

    [112]

    Zhang X, Bishof M, Bromley S L, Kraus C V, Safronova M S, Zoller P, Rey A M, Ye J 2014 Science 345 1467Google Scholar

    [113]

    Scazza F, Hofrichter C, Höfer M, De Groot P C, Bloch I, Fölling S 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 779Google Scholar

    [114]

    Cappellini G, Mancini M, Pagano G, Lombardi P, Livi L, Siciliani de Cumis M, Cancio P, Pizzocaro M, Calonico D, Levi F, Sias C, Catani J, Inguscio M, Fallani L 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 120402Google Scholar

    [115]

    Mancini M, Pagano G, Cappellini G, Livi L, Rider M, Catani J, Sias C, Zoller P, Inguscio M, Dalmonte M, Fallani L 2015 Science 349 1510Google Scholar

    [116]

    Bois V, Capponi S, Lecheminant P, Moliner M, Totsuka K 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 075121

    [117]

    Roy A, Quella T arXiv: 1512.05229

    [118]

    Hofrichter C, Riegger L, Scazza F, Höfer M, Fernandes D R, Bloch I, Fölling S 2016 Phys. Rev. X 6 021030

    [119]

    Bois V, Fromholz P, Lecheminant P 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 134415Google Scholar

    [120]

    Capponi S, Lecheminant P, Totsuka K 2016 Ann. Phys. (Amsterdam) 367 50Google Scholar

    [121]

    Wall M L, Koller A P, Li S, Zhang X, Cooper N R, Ye J, Rey A M 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 035301Google Scholar

    [122]

    Kolkowitz S, Bromley S L, Bothwell T, Wall M L, Marti G E, Koller A P, Zhang X, Rey A M, Ye J 2017 Nature (London) 542 66Google Scholar

    [123]

    Livi L F, Cappellini G, Diem M, Franchi L, Clivati C, Frittelli M, Levi F, Calonico D, Catani J, Inguscio M, Fallani L 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 220401Google Scholar

    [124]

    Song B, He C, Zhang S, Hajiyev E, Huang W, Liu X J, Jo G B 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 061604Google Scholar

    [125]

    Zhang R, Cheng Y, Zhai H, Zhang Z 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 135301Google Scholar

    [126]

    Pagano G, Mancini M, Cappellini G, Livi L, Sias C, Catani J, Inguscio M, Fallani L 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 265301Google Scholar

    [127]

    Höfer M, Riegger L, Scazza F, Hofrichter C, Fernandes D R, Parish M M, Levinsen J, Bloch I, Fölling S 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 265302Google Scholar

    [128]

    Zhou X F, Pan J S, Liu Z X, Zhang W, Yi W, Chen G, Jia S T 2017 Phys. Rev. Letter 119 185701

    [129]

    Dzuba V A, Derevianko A 2010 J. Phys. B 43 074011Google Scholar

    [130]

    Porsev S G, Derevianko A, Fortson E N 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 021403Google Scholar

    [131]

    Zhou L, Cui X 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 140502(R)Google Scholar

    [132]

    Yu D, Pan J S, Liu X J, Zhang W, Yi W 2017 Front. Phys. 13 136701

    [133]

    Pan J S, Zhang W, Yi W, Guo G C 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 043619Google Scholar

    [134]

    Zhang R, Zhang D, Cheng Y, Chen W, Zhang P, Zhai H 2016 Phys. Rev. A 93 043601Google Scholar

    [135]

    Liu X J, Liu Z X, Cheng M 2013 Phys. Rev. Letter 110 076401

    [136]

    Tang E, Wen X G 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 096403Google Scholar

    [137]

    Morimoto T, Furusaki A, Mudry C 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 125104Google Scholar

    [138]

    Zhao J Z, Hu S J, Zhang P 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 195302Google Scholar

    [139]

    Yoshida T, Peters R, Fujimoto S, Kawakami N 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 196404Google Scholar

    [140]

    Pollmann F, Turner A M, Berg E, Oshikawa M 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 064439Google Scholar

    [141]

    Turner A M, Pollmann F, Berg E 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 075102Google Scholar

    [142]

    Fidkowski L 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 130502Google Scholar

    [143]

    Flammia S T, Hamma A, Hughes T L, Wen X G 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 261601Google Scholar

    [144]

    Li H, Haldane F D M 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 010504Google Scholar

    [145]

    Hastings M B, González I, Kallin A B, Melko R G 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 157201Google Scholar

    [146]

    Daley A J, Pichler H, Schachenmayer J, Zoller P 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 020505Google Scholar

    [147]

    Abanin D A, Demler E 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 020504Google Scholar

    [148]

    Jiang H C, Wang Z H, Balents L 2012 Nat. Phys. 8 902Google Scholar

    [149]

    Islam R, Ma R, Preiss P M, Tai M E, Lukin A, Rispoli M, Greiner M 2015 Nature (London) 528 77Google Scholar

    [150]

    Calabrese P, Cardy J 2004 J. Stat. Mech: Theory Exp. 06 P06002

    [151]

    Nielsen A E B, Sierra G, Cirac J I 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 053807Google Scholar

    [152]

    Wang C, Gao C, Jian C M, Zhai H 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 160403Google Scholar

    [153]

    Barnett R, Boyd G R, Galitski V 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 235308Google Scholar

    [154]

    Kawaguchi Y, Ueda M 2012 Phys. Rep. 520 253Google Scholar

    [155]

    Isoshima T, Machida K, Ohmi T 2001 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 70 1604Google Scholar

    [156]

    Mizushima T, Kobayashi N, Machida K 2004 Phys. Rev. A 70 043613Google Scholar

    [157]

    Stamper-Kurn D M, Ueda M 2013 Rev. Mod. Phys. 85 1191Google Scholar

    [158]

    Wang D S, Shi Y R, Chow K W, Yu Z X, Li X G 2013 Eur. Phys. J. D 67 242Google Scholar

    [159]

    Wang D S, Ma Y Q, Li X G 2014 Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 19 3556Google Scholar

    [160]

    Xu Z F, Kawaguchi Y, You L, Ueda M 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 033628Google Scholar

    [161]

    Lan Z, Ohberg P 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 023630Google Scholar

    [162]

    Han W, Zhang X F, Song S W, Saito H, Zhang W, Liu W M, Zhang S C 2016 Physics Review A 94 033629

    [163]

    Zhang Y, Mao L, Zhang C 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 035302Google Scholar

    [164]

    Li Y, Pitaevskii L P, Stringari S 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 225301Google Scholar

    [165]

    Saito H, Kawaguchi Y, Ueda M 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 065302Google Scholar

    [166]

    Saito H, Kawaguchi Y, Ueda M 2007 Phys. Rev. A 75 013621Google Scholar

    [167]

    Kawaguchi Y, Saito H, Kudo K, Ueda M 2010 Phys. Rev. A 82 043627Google Scholar

    [168]

    Lovegrove J, Borgh M O, Ruostekoski J 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 013613Google Scholar

    [169]

    Su S W, Liu I K, Tsai Y C, Liu W M, Gou S C 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 023601Google Scholar

    [170]

    Shinjo T, Okuno T, Hassdorf R, Shigeto K, Ono T 2000 Science 289 930Google Scholar

    [171]

    Wachowiak A, Wiebe J, Bode M, Pietzsch O, Morgenstern M, Wiesendanger R 2002 Science 298 577Google Scholar

    [172]

    Yi S, Pu H 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 020401Google Scholar

    [173]

    Leslie L S, Hansen A, Wright K C, Deutsch B M, Bigelow N P 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 250401Google Scholar

    [174]

    Sadler L E, Higbie J M, Leslie S R, Vengalattore M, Stamper-Kurn D M 2006 Nature (London) 443 312Google Scholar

    [175]

    Savard T A, Granade S R, O'Hara K M, Gehm M E, Thomas J E 1999 Phys. Rev. A 60 4788Google Scholar

    [176]

    McGuire B A, Carroll P B, Loomis R A, Finneran I A, Jewell P R, Remijan A J, Blake G A 2016 Science 352 1449Google Scholar

    [177]

    Yoon M, Srirambalaji R, Kim K 2012 Chem. Rev. 112 1196Google Scholar

    [178]

    Kallin C, Berlinsky J 2016 Rep. Prog. Phys. 79 054502Google Scholar

    [179]

    Weng H, Fang C, Fang Z, Bernevig B A, Dai X 2015 Phys. Rev. X 5 011029

    [180]

    Ryu K S, Thomas L, Yang S H, Parkin S 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 527Google Scholar

    [181]

    Emori S, Bauer U, Ahn S M, Martinez E, Beach G S D 2013 Nat. Mater. 12 611Google Scholar

    [182]

    Chen G, Ma T, N'Diaye A T, Kwon H, Won C, Wu Y, Schmid A K 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2671

    [183]

    Shibata K, Yu X Z, Hara T, Morikawa D, Kanazawa N, Kimoto K, Ishiwata S, Matsui Y, Tokura Y 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 723Google Scholar

    [184]

    Zhai H 2012 Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 26 1230001Google Scholar

    [185]

    Wu C 2009 Mod. Phys. Lett. B 23 1

    [186]

    Wilson R M, Anderson B M, Clark C W 2013 Phys Rev. Lett. 111 185303Google Scholar

    [187]

    Gopalakrishnan S, Martin I, Demler E A 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 185304Google Scholar

    [188]

    Henkel N, Nath R, Pohl T 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 195302Google Scholar

    [189]

    Hsueh C H, Tsai Y C, Wu K S, Chang M S, Wu W C 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 043646Google Scholar

    [190]

    Heidemann R, Raitzsch U, Bendkowsky V, Butscher B, Löw R, Pfau T 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 033601Google Scholar

    [191]

    Boninsegni M, Prokof'ev N V 2012 Rev. Mod. Phys. 84 759Google Scholar

    [192]

    Boninsegni M 2012 J. Low Temp. Phys. 168 137Google Scholar

    [193]

    Balibar S 2010 Nature (London) 464 176Google Scholar

    [194]

    Andreev A F, Lifshitz I M 1969 Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 56 2057

    [195]

    Chester G V 1970 Phys. Rev. A 2 256Google Scholar

    [196]

    Leggett A J 1970 Phys. Rev. Lett. 25 1543Google Scholar

    [197]

    Kim E, Chan M H W 2004 Nature (London) 427 225Google Scholar

    [198]

    Luo X, Wu L, Chen J, Guan Q, Gao K, Xu Z F, You L, Wang R 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 18983Google Scholar

    [199]

    Yefsah T, Desbuquois R, Chomaz L, Günter K J, Dalibard J 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 130401Google Scholar

    [200]

    Han W, Zhang X F, Wang D S, Jiang H F, Zhang W, Zhang S G 2018 Phys. Rev. Letter 121 030404

    [201]

    Ruokokoski E, Huhtamäki, MöttÖnen M 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 051607(R)Google Scholar

    [202]

    Xu Z F, Kobayashi S, Ueda M 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 013621Google Scholar

    [203]

    Su S W, Gou S C, Sun Q, Wen L, Liu W M, Ji A C, Ruseckas J, Juzeliūnas G 2016 Phys. Rev. A 93 053630Google Scholar

    [204]

    Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 899Google Scholar

    [205]

    Mühlbauer S, Binz B, Jonietz F, Pfleiderer C, Rosch A, Neubauer A, Georgii R, Böni P 2009 Science 323 915Google Scholar

    [206]

    Yu X Z, Onose Y, Kanazawa N, Park J H, Han J H, Matsui Y, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2010 Nature (London) 465 901Google Scholar

    [207]

    Seki S, Yu X Z, Ishiwata S, Tokura Y 2012 Science 336 198Google Scholar

    [208]

    Ozawa T, Baym G 2012 Phys. Rev. A 85 063623Google Scholar

    [209]

    Fetter A L 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 023629Google Scholar

    [210]

    Madison K W, Chevy F, Wohlleben W, Dalibard J 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 806Google Scholar

    [211]

    Abo-Shaeer J R, Raman C, Vogels J M, Ketterle W 2001 Science 292 476Google Scholar

    [212]

    Li J R, Lee J, Huang W, Burchesky S, Shteynas B, Top F C, Jamison A O, Ketterle W 2017 Nature (London) 543 91Google Scholar

    [213]

    Ho T L, Zhang S 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 150403Google Scholar

    [214]

    Ji S C, Zhang J Y, Zhang L, Du Z D, Zheng W, Deng Y J, Zhai H, Chen S, Pan J W 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 314Google Scholar

    [215]

    Hall D S, Matthews M R, Ensher J R, Wieman C E, Cornell E A 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 1539Google Scholar

  • 图 1  (a) 一维自旋轨道耦合的实验实现方案; (b) 利用tripod方案实现二维人造规范 势的方案;(c) 利用Raman晶格实现二维人造自旋轨道耦合的实验方案

    Fig. 1.  (a) The NIST scheme to realize 1D spin-orbit coupling; (b) the tripod scheme to realize 2D synthetic gauge field; (c) the Raman optical lattice scheme to realize 2D spin-orbit coupling

    图 2  (a)准一维费米气体与双模光腔耦合的示意图. 在腔轴向(沿$ \hat{x} $轴)和径向(沿$ -\hat{z} $轴)均有泵浦光; (b)原子能级和光耦合的示意图[76]

    Fig. 2.  (a) A quasi-one-dimensional Fermi gas, which is coupled to a two-mode optical cavity, is under both transverse (along $ -\hat{z} $) and longitudinal (along $ \hat{x} $) pumping; (b) the level scheme of atom[76]

    图 3  开边界条件下准一维晶格中TSR态的一些特征 (a) 腔场强度$ |\alpha| $随有效泵浦$ \eta_ {\rm A} $的变化; (b) 序参量$ \theta(x) $在TSR相变前(点线表示, $ \eta_ {\rm A} = 1 E_{\rm r} $)和相变后(实线和点划线表示, $ \eta_ {\rm A} = 3 E_{\rm r} $)在中心六个格点中的变化情况. 临界点位于$ \eta^ {\rm c}_ {\rm A}\sim 2.05 E_{\rm r} $处. 在TSR相中, 由于自发对称性破缺, 腔场$ \alpha $可以取正值或负值, 对应序参量由实线或点划线表示; (c) 当系统穿过相边界进入TSR态后, 系统会由于超辐射相变打开一个体能隙, 同时出现一对零能的边缘态 (d) 当$ \eta_ {\rm A} = 3 E_{\rm r} $时, 图(c)中的边缘态所对应的实空间波函数. 本图中考虑一个拥有80个格点的半满晶格体系, 体系参数选取为: $ k_ {\rm B}T = E_{\rm r}/200 $, $ m_z = 0 $, $ V_0 = 5 E_{\rm r} $, $ \kappa = 100 E_{\rm r} $, $ \varDelta_ {\rm A} = -10 E_{\rm r} $, $ \xi_ {\rm A} = 5 E_{\rm r} $. 对于$ ^6 {\rm {Li}} $原子, 通过选取$ \kappa\approx7.4 $MHz, $ g_ {\rm A}\approx 27.1 $MHz, $ |\varDelta|\approx 0.74 $MHz, $ \varDelta\approx2 $GHz和$ T\approx17.7 $nK可以满足上述参数条件[76]

    Fig. 3.  TSR state in a quasi-one-dimensional lattice with open boundary conditions: (a) The cavity field $ |\alpha| $ varies with $ \eta_ {\rm A} $ across the TSR transition; (b) $ \theta(x) $ on the central six sites. The dotted curve corresponds to the $ \theta(x) $ before the TSR phase transition, where $ \eta_ {\rm A} = 1 E_{\rm r} $. The solid and dash-dotted curves to the $ \theta(x) $ after the TSR phase transition, where $ \eta_ {\rm A} = 3 E_{\rm r} $. The transition point is around $ \eta^ {\rm c}_ {\rm A}\approx 2.05 E_{\rm r} $. Because of the spontaneous symmetry breaking, the cavity field of the TSR phase acquires a positive (negative) real part, corresponding to solid (dash-dotted) curve; (c) when the system crosses the phase boundary, a pair of edge states emerge in the superradiance-induced bulk gap. (d) the wave functions of the edge states in (c) with $ \eta_ {\rm A} = 3 E_{\rm r} $. In our calculation, we consider a half-filled lattice of 80 sites, with the parameters $ k_ {\rm B}T = E_{\rm r}/200 $, $ m_z = 0 $, $ V_0 = 5 E_{\rm r} $, $ \kappa = 100 E_{\rm r} $, $ \varDelta_ {\rm A} = -10 E_{\rm r }$, and $ \xi_ {\rm A} = 5 E_{\rm r} $. For $ ^6 {\rm {Li}} $ atoms, these parameters can be satisfied by choosing $ \kappa\approx7.4 $ MHz, $ g_ {\rm A}\approx 27.1 $ MHz, $ |\varDelta|\approx0.74 $ MHz, $ \varDelta\approx2 $ GHz, and $ T\approx17.7 $ nK[76]

    图 4  有限温度$ k_{\rm B}T = E_{\rm r}/200 $时系统的稳态相图. 图中实线为TSR相边界, 点线为TSR态和普通SR态间的拓扑相边界. 在$ m_{\rm c}\approx 0.132 E_{\rm r} $处的细虚线为金属态(M)和绝缘态(I)间的边界. 点划线为普通SR相与绝缘相的边界. 不同的相边界汇聚于$ \eta_{\rm A}\approx 2.614 E_{\rm r} $, $ m_{\rm c}\approx0.132 E_{\rm r} $处(如图中四相点所示). 图中其他参数与图(2)一致. 内嵌图展示了与大图中箭头对应的相变前后体能隙的变化. 图中实线为相变前的能带, 虚线为相变后的能带, 点线为相边界上的情况[76]

    Fig. 4.  The phase diagram of steady-state with $\small k_{\rm B}T $$ = E_{\rm r}/200 $. The solid curve corresponds to the TSR phase boundary, and the topological phase boundary between the TSR and the trivial SR states corresponds to dotted curve. The thin dashed curve at $ m_{\rm c}\approx0.132 E_{\rm r} $ is the boundary between the M and the I states, and the dash-dotted curve is the conventional SR phase boundary. At the tetracritical point (dot) with $ \eta_{\rm A}\approx2.614 E_{\rm r} $ and $ m_{\rm c}\approx0.132 E_{\rm r} $, the various boundaries merge. Other parameters are the same as those used in Fig. 2. Inset: change of bulk gap before (solid), after (dashed), and right (dotted) at the phase boundaries labeled by arrows[76]

    图 5  (a) 处在拉曼光中的准一维超冷原子气体; (b) 通过拉曼过程耦合的原子能级示意图. 图中绿色曲线指示了不同轨道态之间的自旋交换相互作用. 通过利用与自旋相关的激光频移, 可以将图中的四个核自旋态与其他核自旋态分离开来进行操控[128]

    Fig. 5.  A quasi-1D atomic gas under Raman lasers; (b) Raman level schemes in the clock-states manifold. The green curve corresponds to the interorbital spin-exchange interaction. By using spin-dependent laser shifts, the four nuclear spin states from $ ^1 S_0 $ and $ ^3 P_0 $ manifolds can be separated from the other nuclear spins[128]

    图 6  (a) 本征值最小的四个纠缠谱$ \xi_i(i = 1, 2, 3, 4) $随自旋交换相互作用的变化; (b) 开边界条件下, 在格点数$ N = 60 $的光晶格链中, 二阶Rényi熵$ S_2 $和von Neumann熵$ S_{\rm{vN}} $$ V_{\rm{ex}}/t_s $的变化情况; (c) 周期边界条件下, 在格点数$ N = 12 $的光晶格链中, 体能隙$ E_{\rm {gap}} $的变化情况. 内嵌图为体能隙在临界点处随$ 1/N $的变化情况. 图中线性拟合的红色实线给出大$ N $极限下$ E_{\rm {gap}}/t_{\rm s}\approx-0.02\pm0.05 $; (d) 临界点$ V_{\rm{ex}}/t_s = 1.694 $处, 长度为$ j $且格点数$ N = 120 $的子链中von Neumann熵随$ \sin({\text{π}} l/N) $的变化. 通过线性拟合$ S_{\rm{vN}} = (C/6)\ln[\sin({\text{π}} l/N)]+1.87 $, 可以得到中心荷(central charge)$ C = 1.018 $. 图中所有计算均在半满状态下进行, 且固定参数$ \varGamma^{g/e}_z = 0 $, $ U = 0 $, $ t_{\rm{so}}/t_{\rm s} = 0.4 $[128]

    Fig. 6.  (a) The entanglement spectrum $ \xi_i(i = 1, 2, 3, 4) $; (b) in a chain with $ N = 60 $ lattice sites and under open boundary conditions, the second-order Rényi entropy $ S_2 $ and the von Neumann entropy $ S_{\rm{vN}} $ vary with $ V_{\rm{ex}}/t_{\rm s} $; (c) in a chain with $ N = 12 $ lattice sites and under the periodic boundary condition, the bulk energy gap $ E_{\rm {gap}} $ varies with $ V_{\rm{ex}}/t_{\rm s} $. Inset: The bulk gap as a function of $ 1/N $ at the critical point, and the red solid line is a linear fit with $ E_{\rm {gap}}/t_{\rm s}\approx-0.02\pm0.05 $ in the large-N limit. (d) in a chain with $ N = 120 $ lattice sites and at the critical point $ V_{\rm{ex}}/t_s = 1.694 $, the von Neumann entropy of a subchain of length $ l $ varied with $ \sin({\text{π}} l/N) $. The solid line is the linear fit with $ S_{\rm{vN}} = (C/6)\ln[\sin({\text{π}} l/N)]+1.87 $ and $ C = 1.018 $. The central charge is 6 times the slope of the linear fit. All calculations are performed at half filling and with the fixed parameters $ \varGamma^{g/2}_z = 0 $, $ U = 0 $, and $ t_{\rm{so}}/t_{\rm s} = 0.4 $[128]

    图 7  格点数$ N = 60 $且处于半满状态下的体系相图, 其中$ \varGamma^{\alpha}_z = 0 $[128]

    Fig. 7.  The phase diagram of a lattice with $ N = 60 $ sites at half filling with $ \varGamma^{\alpha}_z = 0 $[128]

    图 8  旋量BEC中产生SU(3)自旋轨道耦合的原理图 (a) 激光作用. 三束有不同频率和偏振的激光, 以$ 2{\text{π}}/3 $的角度作用于原子气体; (b) 能级图. 三个拉曼过程分别缀饰87Rb中饰87Rb中$ 5 {\rm S}_{1/2}, F = 1 $基态的超精细塞曼能级$|F = 1 $, $ m_{\rm F} = 1\rangle $, $ |F = 1, m_{\rm F} = 0\rangle $$ |F = 1, m_{\rm F} = -1\rangle $. $ \delta_1 $, $ \delta_2 $$ \delta_3 $与拉曼过程的失谐对应[162]

    Fig. 8.  Scheme for creating SU(3) spin-orbit coupling in spinor BECs: (a) Laser geometry. The cloud of atoms is illuminated by three laser beams with different frequencies and polarizations, intersecting at an angle of $ 2{\text{π}}/3 $ (b) Each of the three Raman lasers dresses one hyperfine Zeeman level from eman level from $ |F = 1, m_{\rm F} = 1\rangle $, $ |F \!=\! 1, m_{\rm F} \!=\! 0\rangle $ and $ |F \!=\! 1, m_{\rm F} \!=\! -1\rangle $ of the 87Rb ${\rm 5 S}_{1/2}, F = 1 $. $ \delta_1, \delta_2 $, and $ \delta_3 $ are the detuning in the Raman transitions[162]

    图 9  SU(3)自旋轨道耦合的BEC中的两种不同相 (a)−(d) 存在反铁磁自旋相互作用时($ c_2 > 0 $)的拓扑非平庸晶格相. 图(a)中的高度和颜色分别代表$ \varPsi_1 $的密度和相位. 在图(b)中, 一个单胞中呈现出涡旋(白色圆圈)和反涡旋(黑色圆圈)的位置. 图(c)和图(d)分别展示了晶格相的动量分布和相分离结构的示意图; (e), (f) 存在铁磁自旋相互作用时($ c_2 < 0 $)的三重简并磁化相. 图(e)和图(f)分别展示了$ \varPsi_1 $在实空间和动量空间的分布[162]

    Fig. 9.  Two distinct phases of SU(3) spin-orbit-coupled BECS: (a)−(d) The topologically nontrivial lattice phase with antiferromagnetic spin interaction ($ c_2 > 0 $). (a) The heights and colors correspond to the density and phase of $ \varPsi_1 $ respectively, (b) the positions of vortices (white circles) and antivortices (black circles) in the phase within one unit cell, (c) the corresponding momentum distributions, (d) the structural schematic drawing of the phase separation; (e), (f) the threefold-degenerate magnetized phase for ferromagnetic spin interaction ($ c_2 < 0 $). (e) the density and phase distributions of $ \varPsi_1 $, (f) the corresponding momentum distributions[162]

    图 10  (a) 晶格相和条纹相的能量对比; (b)−(d) 参数$ c_2 = 20\kappa^2 $$ c_0 = 10 c_2 $时, 条纹相基态的密度、相位和动量的分布[162]

    Fig. 10.  (a) Energy comparison between the lattice and stripe phases. The solid (lattice state) and dashed (stripe state) lines correspond to the energy difference $ \Delta E $ between the numerical simulation and the variational calculation; (b)−(d) the ground-state density, phase and momentum distributions of the stripe phase with the parameters $ c_2 = 20\kappa^2 $ and $ c_0 = 10 c_2 $[162]

    图 11  SU(3)自旋轨道耦合的反铁磁旋量BEC中的涡旋结构. 图中描绘了三个自旋分量中的涡旋排列. 三种类型的涡旋包括: 一个不同自旋分量的环绕数组合为$ \langle -1, 0, 1 \rangle $的极化核心涡旋(蓝线所示), 两个环绕数组合分别为$ \langle 1, -1, 0 \rangle $(绿线所示)和$ \langle 0, 1, -1 \rangle $ (红线所示)的铁磁核心涡旋[162]

    Fig. 11.  Vortex arrangement among the three components in antiferromagnetic spinor BECs with SU(3) spin-orbit coupling. There are three types of vortices, including a polar-core vortex with winding combination $ \langle -1, 0, 1 \rangle $ (blue line) and two ferromagnetic-core vortices with winding number combinations $ \langle 1, -1, 0 \rangle $ (green line) and $ \langle 0, 1, -1 \rangle $ (red line)[162]

    图 12  SU(3)自旋轨道耦合的反铁磁自旋BEC中的自旋双涡旋 (a)横向磁化的空间分布, 其中颜色表示磁化方向; (b), (c)分别描绘了纵向磁化和总磁化幅度$ |{{F}}| $的分布. 图中分别用大圆圈和小圆圈标记了自旋双涡旋和half-Skyrmion这两种类型的拓扑缺陷[162]

    Fig. 12.  The double-quantum spin vortex in antiferromagnetic spinor BECs with SU(3) spin-orbit coupling: (a) Spatial maps of the transverse magnetization. The colors correspond to the magnetization orientation; (b) longitudinal magnetization; (c) amplitude of the total magnetization $ |{{F}}| $. The big and small circles represents the two kinds of topological defects: double-quantum spin vortex and half-Skyrmion.[162]

    图 13  由Rashba类型SOC和软核长程相互作用诱导产生的手性超固体. 图中的亮度和颜色分别表示密度和相位分布. 软核长程相互作用在图(a)和图(b)中为$ \tilde{C}_6^{(\uparrow\uparrow)}N = 2\tilde{C}_6^{(\downarrow\downarrow)}N = 2500\hbar^2 R_{\rm c}^4/M $, 在图(c)和图(d)中为$ \tilde{C}_6^{(\downarrow\downarrow)}N = 2\tilde{C}_6^{(\uparrow\uparrow)}N = 2500\hbar^2 R_{\rm c}^4/M $. 色标圆盘中的箭头方向表示相应物理量增加的方向. 其他固定参数分别为$ \tilde{C}_6^{(\uparrow\downarrow)}N = 1250\hbar^2 R_{\rm c}^4/M $, $ \kappa = 4\hbar/MR_{\rm c} $$ gN = 1000\hbar^2/M $. 这里使用的软核长程相互作用强度$ \tilde{C}_6^{(ij)} $在实验中可以实现[200]

    Fig. 13.  Chiral supersolid induced by Rashba spin-orbit coupling and soft-core long-range interactions. The brightness and color represent the density and phase distributions respectively. The soft-core long-range interactions in (a) and (b) is $ \tilde{C}_6^{(\uparrow\uparrow)}N = 2\tilde{C}_6^{(\downarrow\downarrow)}N = 2500\hbar^2 R_{\rm c}^4/M $, and in (c) and (d) is $ \tilde{C}_6^{(\downarrow\downarrow)}N = 2\tilde{C}_6^{(\uparrow\uparrow)}N = 2500\hbar^2 R_{\rm c}^4/M $. The directions of the arrows in the color wheel indicate the elevation of the respective quantities. Other parameters are fixed at $ \tilde{C}_6^{(\uparrow\downarrow)}N = 1250\hbar^2 R_{\rm c}^4/M $, $ \kappa = 4\hbar/MR_{\rm c} $ and $ gN = 1000\hbar^2/M $[200]

    图 14  由Rashba类型SOC((a), (b))和Dresselhaus类型SOC((c), (d))诱导产生的粒子流$ {{j}} $和自旋的径向磁化$ {{S}}_z $. 其中颜色从蓝到红代表$ {{S}}_z $从小到大, 黑色箭头代表环流方向$ {{j}} $. 本图中参数与图12相同[200]

    Fig. 14.  Particle currents $ {{j}} $ and longitudinal magnetizations $ {{S}}_z $ of the spin induced by Rashba spin-orbit coupling ( (a), (b)) and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling ((c), (d) ). $ {{S}}_z $ and $ {{j}} $ are represented by the color map and black arrows, respectively. The colors ranging from blue to red represent the values from the minimum to the maximum. The parameters used here are same as those in Fig. 12[200]

    图 15  (a) 通过改变软核长程相互作用强度$ \tilde{C}_6^{(\uparrow\uparrow)} $$ \tilde{C}_6^{(\downarrow\downarrow)} $的体系相图; (b) 通过改变SOC强度$ \kappa $和软核长程相互作用强度$ \tilde{C}_6^{(\downarrow\downarrow)} $的体系相图. 图(a)中SOC强度固定为$ \kappa = 4\hbar/MR_{\rm c} $, 图(b)中软核长程相互作用强度固定为$ \tilde{C}_6^{(\uparrow\uparrow)} = 2500\hbar^2 R_{\rm c}^4/M $. 其他参数为$ \tilde{C}_6^{(\uparrow\downarrow)}N = 1250\hbar^2 R_{\rm c}^4/M $$ gN = 1000\hbar^2/M $[200]

    Fig. 15.  (a) The phase diagram by varying the soft-core long-range interaction strengths $ \tilde{C}_6^{(\uparrow\uparrow)} $ and $ \tilde{C}_6^{(\downarrow\downarrow)} $; (b) the phase diagram by varying the Rashba spin-orbit-coupling strength $ \kappa $ and the soft-core long-range interaction strength $ \tilde{C}_6^{(\downarrow\downarrow)} $. The spin-orbit-coupling strength in (a) is fixed at $ \kappa = 4\hbar/MR_{\rm c} $, and the soft-core long-range interaction strength in (b) is fixed at $ \tilde{C}_6^{(\uparrow\uparrow)} = 2500\hbar^2 R_{\rm c}^4/M $. Other parameters are taken as $ \tilde{C}_6^{(\uparrow\downarrow)}N = 1250\hbar^2 R_{\rm c}^4/M $ and $ gN = 1000\hbar^2/M $[200]

  • [1]

    Gong M, Tewari S, Zhang C 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 195303Google Scholar

    [2]

    Hu H, Jiang L, Liu X J, Pu H 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 195304Google Scholar

    [3]

    Han L, Melo C A R S' a de 2012 Phys. Rev. A 85 011606(R)Google Scholar

    [4]

    Yu Z Q, Zhai H 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 195305Google Scholar

    [5]

    Iskin M, Subası A L 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 050402Google Scholar

    [6]

    Yi W, Guo G C 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 031608(R)Google Scholar

    [7]

    Lin Y J, Jiménez-García K, Spielman I B 2011 Nature (London) 471 83Google Scholar

    [8]

    Wang P J, Yu Z Q, Fu Z K, Miao J, Huang L H, Chai S J, Zhai H, Zhang J 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 095301Google Scholar

    [9]

    Cheuk L W, Sommer A T, Hadzibabic Z, Yefsah T, Bakr W S, Zwierlein M W 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 095302Google Scholar

    [10]

    Huang L H, Meng Z M, Wang P J, Peng P, Zhang S L, Chen L C, Li D H, Zhou Q, Zhang J 2016 Nat. Phys. 12 540Google Scholar

    [11]

    Wu Z, Zhang L, Sun W, Xu X T, Wang B Z, Ji S C, Deng Y, Chen S, Liu X J, Pan J W 2016 Science 354 83Google Scholar

    [12]

    Chen H R, Lin K Y, Chen P K, Chiu N C, Wang J B, Chen C A, Huang P P, Yip S K, Kawaguchi Y, Lin Y J 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 113204Google Scholar

    [13]

    Zhang D F, Gao T Y, Zou P, Kong L R, Li R Z, Shen X, Chen X L, Peng S G, Zhan M S, Pu H, Jiang K J 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 110402Google Scholar

    [14]

    Zhai H 2015 Rep. Prog. Phys. 78 026001Google Scholar

    [15]

    Vyasanakere J P, Shenoy V B 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 094515Google Scholar

    [16]

    Vyasanakere J P, Zhang S Z, Shenoy V B 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 014512Google Scholar

    [17]

    Xu Z F, Lü R, You L 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 053602Google Scholar

    [18]

    Kawakami T, Mizushima T, Machida K 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 011607Google Scholar

    [19]

    Wu C J, Mondragon-Shem I, Zhou X F 2011 Chin. Phys. Lett. 28 097102Google Scholar

    [20]

    Stanescu T D, Anderson B, Galitski V 2008 Phys. Rev. A 78 023616Google Scholar

    [21]

    Deng Y, Cheng J, Jing H, Sun C P, Yi S 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 125301Google Scholar

    [22]

    Kawakami T, Mizushima T, Nitta M, Machida K 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 015301Google Scholar

    [23]

    Li Y, Zhou X F, Wu C J 2016 Phys. Rev. A 93 033628Google Scholar

    [24]

    Sinha S, Nath R, Santos L 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 270401Google Scholar

    [25]

    Hu H, Ramachandhran B, Pu H, Liu X J 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 010402Google Scholar

    [26]

    Ramachandhran B, Hu H, Pu H 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 033627Google Scholar

    [27]

    Li Y, Zhou X F, Wu C J 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 125122Google Scholar

    [28]

    Campbell D L, Juzeliūnas G, Spielman I B 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 025602Google Scholar

    [29]

    Sau J D, Sensarma R, Powell S, Spielman I B, Sarma S D 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 140510(R)Google Scholar

    [30]

    Xu Z F, You L 2012 Phys. Rev. A 85 043605Google Scholar

    [31]

    Liu X J, Law K T, Ng T K 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 086401Google Scholar

    [32]

    Anderson B M, Spielman I B, Juzeliūnas 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 125301Google Scholar

    [33]

    Xu Z F, You L, Ueda M 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 063634Google Scholar

    [34]

    Anderson B M, Juzeliünas G, Galitski V M, Spielman I B 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 235301Google Scholar

    [35]

    Zhou J, Zhang W, Yi W 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 063603Google Scholar

    [36]

    Chen J, Hu H, Gao X L 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 023619Google Scholar

    [37]

    Chen C 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 235302Google Scholar

    [38]

    Qu C L, Zheng Z, Gong M, Xu Y, Mao L, Zou X B, Guo G C, Zhang C W 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2710Google Scholar

    [39]

    Liu X J, Hu H 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 023622Google Scholar

    [40]

    Zhang W, Yi W 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2711Google Scholar

    [41]

    Cui X L, Yi W 2014 Phys. Rev. X 4 031026

    [42]

    Shi Z Y, Cui X L, Zhai H 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett 112 013201Google Scholar

    [43]

    Pan J S, Liu X J, Zhang W, Yi W, Guo G C 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 045303Google Scholar

    [44]

    Han W, Zhang X F, Song S W, Saito H, Zhang W, Liu W M, Zhang S G 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 033629Google Scholar

    [45]

    Han W, Zhang X F, Wang D S, Jiang K J, Zhang W, Zhang S G 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 030404Google Scholar

    [46]

    Zhou X F, Pan J S, Liu Z X, Zhang W, Yi W, Chen G, Jia S T 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 185701Google Scholar

    [47]

    Dalibard J, Gerbier F, Juzeliūnas G, Öberg P 2011 Rev. Mod. Phys. 83 1523Google Scholar

    [48]

    Yi W, Zhang W, Cui X 2015 Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 58 1-11

    [49]

    Lin Y J, Compton R L, Jiménez-García K, Porto J V, Spielman I B 2009 Nature (London) 462 628Google Scholar

    [50]

    Lin Y J, Compton R L, Jiménez-García K, Porto J V, Spielman I B 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 531Google Scholar

    [51]

    Ruseckas J, Juzeliūnas G, Öhberg P, Fleischhauer M 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 010404Google Scholar

    [52]

    Zhang L, Liu X J 2018 arXiv 1806 05628

    [53]

    Liu X J, Liu Z X, Cheng M 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 076401Google Scholar

    [54]

    Sun W, Wang B Z, Xu X T, Yi C R, Zhang L, Wu Z, Deng Y, Liu X J, Chen S, Pan J W 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 150401Google Scholar

    [55]

    Baumann K, Guerlin C, Brennecke F, Esslinger T 2010 Nature (London) 464 1301Google Scholar

    [56]

    Ritsch H, Domokos P, Brennecke F, Esslinger T 2013 Rev. Mod. Phys. 85 553Google Scholar

    [57]

    Dalla Torre E G, Diehl S, Lukin M D, Sachdev S, Strack P 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 023831Google Scholar

    [58]

    Gopalakrishnan S, Lev B L, Goldbart P M 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 845Google Scholar

    [59]

    Strack P, Sachdev S 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 277202Google Scholar

    [60]

    Müller M, Strack P, Sachdev S 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 023604Google Scholar

    [61]

    Domokos P, Ritsch H 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 253003Google Scholar

    [62]

    Dimer F, Estienne B, Parkins A S, Carmichael H J 2007 Phys. Rev. A 75 013804Google Scholar

    [63]

    Nagy D, Konya G, Szirmai G, Domokos P 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 130401Google Scholar

    [64]

    Keeling J, Bhaseen M J, Simons B D 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 143002Google Scholar

    [65]

    Piazza F, Strack P 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 143003Google Scholar

    [66]

    Chen Y, Yu Z, Zhai H 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 143004Google Scholar

    [67]

    Hasan M Z, Kane C L 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 3045Google Scholar

    [68]

    Qi X L, Zhang S C 2011 Rev. Mod. Phys. 83 1057Google Scholar

    [69]

    Lin Y J, Jiménez-García K, Spielman I B 2011 Nature 471 83

    [70]

    Wang P J, Yu Z Q, Fu Z K, Miao J, Huang L H, Chai S J, Zhai H, Zhang J 2012 Phys. Rev. Letter 109 095301

    [71]

    Galitski V, Spielman I B 2013 Nature (London) 494 49Google Scholar

    [72]

    Goldman N, Juzeliūnas G, Öberg P, Spielman I B 2014 Rep. Prog. Phys. 77 126401Google Scholar

    [73]

    Zhou X, Li Y, Cai Z, Wu C 2013 J. Phys. B 46 134001Google Scholar

    [74]

    Deng Y, Cheng J, Jing H, Yi S 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 143007Google Scholar

    [75]

    Dong L, Zhou L, Wu B, Ramachandhran B, Pu H 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 011602(R)Google Scholar

    [76]

    Pan J S, Liu X J, Zhang W, Yi W, Guo G C 2015 Phys. Rev. Letter 115 045303

    [77]

    Liu X J, Law K T, Ng T K 2014 Phys. Rev. Letter 112 086401

    [78]

    Gu Z C, Wen X G 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 155131Google Scholar

    [79]

    Pollmann F, Berg E, Turner A M, Oshikawa M 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 075125Google Scholar

    [80]

    Wen X G 1989 Phys. Rev. B 40 7387

    [81]

    Wen X G, Niu Q 1990 Phys. Rev. B 41 9377Google Scholar

    [82]

    Wen X G 1990 Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 04 239Google Scholar

    [83]

    Haldane F D M 1983 Phys. Rev. Lett. 50 1153Google Scholar

    [84]

    Kane C L, Mele E J 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 146802Google Scholar

    [85]

    Bernevig B A, Zhang S C 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 106802Google Scholar

    [86]

    Moore J E, Balents L 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 121306(R)Google Scholar

    [87]

    Fu L, Kane C L, Mele E J 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 106803Google Scholar

    [88]

    Qi X L, Hughes T L, Zhang S C 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 195424Google Scholar

    [89]

    Chen X, Gu Z C, Wen X G 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 035107Google Scholar

    [90]

    Chen X, Gu Z C, Liu Z X, Wen X G 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 155114Google Scholar

    [91]

    Kitaev A 2009 AIP Conf. Proc. 1134 22

    [92]

    Ryu S, Schnyder A, Furusaki A, Ludwig A 2010 New J. Phys. 12 065010Google Scholar

    [93]

    Fidkowski L, Kitaev A 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 134509Google Scholar

    [94]

    Gu Z C, Wen X G 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 115141Google Scholar

    [95]

    Wang C, Potter A C, Senthil T 2014 Science 343 629Google Scholar

    [96]

    Wu H Q, He Y Y, You Y Z, Yoshida T, Kawakami N, Xu C, Meng Z Y, Lu Z Y 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 165121Google Scholar

    [97]

    Takamoto M, Hong F L, Higashi R, Katori H 2005 Nature (London) 435 321Google Scholar

    [98]

    Ludlow A D, Boyd M M, Zelevinsky T, Foreman S M, Blatt S, Notcutt M, Ido T, Ye J 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 033003Google Scholar

    [99]

    Swallows M D, Bishof M, Lin Y, Blatt S, Martin M J, Rey A M, Ye J 2011 Science 331 1043Google Scholar

    [100]

    Bloom B J, Nicholson T L, Williams J R, Campbell S L, Bishof M, Zhang X, Zhang W, Bromley S L, Ye J 2014 Nature (London) 506 71Google Scholar

    [101]

    Cazalilla M A, Rey A M 2014 Rep. Prog. Phys. 77 124401Google Scholar

    [102]

    Gorshkov A V, Rey A M, Daley A J, Boyd M M, Ye J, Zoller P, Lukin M D 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 110503Google Scholar

    [103]

    Wu C, Hu J P, Zhang S C 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 186402Google Scholar

    [104]

    Fukuhara T, Takasu Y, Kumakura M, Takahashi Y 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 030401Google Scholar

    [105]

    Cazalilla M A, Ho A F, Ueda M 2009 New J. Phys. 11 103033Google Scholar

    [106]

    Stellmer S, Tey M K, Huang B, Grimm R, Schreck F 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 200401Google Scholar

    [107]

    DeSalvo B J, Yan M, Mickelson P G, Martinez de Escobar Y N, Killian T C 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 030402Google Scholar

    [108]

    Gorshkov A V, Hermele M, Gurarie V, Xu C, Julienne P S, Ye J, Zoller P, Demler E, Lukin M D, Rey A M 2010 Nat. Phys. 6 289Google Scholar

    [109]

    Kobayashi K, Okumura M, Ota Y, Yamada S, Machida M 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 235302Google Scholar

    [110]

    Nonne H, Moliner M, Capponi S, Lecheminant P, Totsuka K 2013 Europhys. Lett. 102 37008Google Scholar

    [111]

    Duivenvoorden K, Quella T 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 125145

    [112]

    Zhang X, Bishof M, Bromley S L, Kraus C V, Safronova M S, Zoller P, Rey A M, Ye J 2014 Science 345 1467Google Scholar

    [113]

    Scazza F, Hofrichter C, Höfer M, De Groot P C, Bloch I, Fölling S 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 779Google Scholar

    [114]

    Cappellini G, Mancini M, Pagano G, Lombardi P, Livi L, Siciliani de Cumis M, Cancio P, Pizzocaro M, Calonico D, Levi F, Sias C, Catani J, Inguscio M, Fallani L 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 120402Google Scholar

    [115]

    Mancini M, Pagano G, Cappellini G, Livi L, Rider M, Catani J, Sias C, Zoller P, Inguscio M, Dalmonte M, Fallani L 2015 Science 349 1510Google Scholar

    [116]

    Bois V, Capponi S, Lecheminant P, Moliner M, Totsuka K 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 075121

    [117]

    Roy A, Quella T arXiv: 1512.05229

    [118]

    Hofrichter C, Riegger L, Scazza F, Höfer M, Fernandes D R, Bloch I, Fölling S 2016 Phys. Rev. X 6 021030

    [119]

    Bois V, Fromholz P, Lecheminant P 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 134415Google Scholar

    [120]

    Capponi S, Lecheminant P, Totsuka K 2016 Ann. Phys. (Amsterdam) 367 50Google Scholar

    [121]

    Wall M L, Koller A P, Li S, Zhang X, Cooper N R, Ye J, Rey A M 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 035301Google Scholar

    [122]

    Kolkowitz S, Bromley S L, Bothwell T, Wall M L, Marti G E, Koller A P, Zhang X, Rey A M, Ye J 2017 Nature (London) 542 66Google Scholar

    [123]

    Livi L F, Cappellini G, Diem M, Franchi L, Clivati C, Frittelli M, Levi F, Calonico D, Catani J, Inguscio M, Fallani L 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 220401Google Scholar

    [124]

    Song B, He C, Zhang S, Hajiyev E, Huang W, Liu X J, Jo G B 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 061604Google Scholar

    [125]

    Zhang R, Cheng Y, Zhai H, Zhang Z 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 135301Google Scholar

    [126]

    Pagano G, Mancini M, Cappellini G, Livi L, Sias C, Catani J, Inguscio M, Fallani L 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 265301Google Scholar

    [127]

    Höfer M, Riegger L, Scazza F, Hofrichter C, Fernandes D R, Parish M M, Levinsen J, Bloch I, Fölling S 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 265302Google Scholar

    [128]

    Zhou X F, Pan J S, Liu Z X, Zhang W, Yi W, Chen G, Jia S T 2017 Phys. Rev. Letter 119 185701

    [129]

    Dzuba V A, Derevianko A 2010 J. Phys. B 43 074011Google Scholar

    [130]

    Porsev S G, Derevianko A, Fortson E N 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 021403Google Scholar

    [131]

    Zhou L, Cui X 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 140502(R)Google Scholar

    [132]

    Yu D, Pan J S, Liu X J, Zhang W, Yi W 2017 Front. Phys. 13 136701

    [133]

    Pan J S, Zhang W, Yi W, Guo G C 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 043619Google Scholar

    [134]

    Zhang R, Zhang D, Cheng Y, Chen W, Zhang P, Zhai H 2016 Phys. Rev. A 93 043601Google Scholar

    [135]

    Liu X J, Liu Z X, Cheng M 2013 Phys. Rev. Letter 110 076401

    [136]

    Tang E, Wen X G 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 096403Google Scholar

    [137]

    Morimoto T, Furusaki A, Mudry C 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 125104Google Scholar

    [138]

    Zhao J Z, Hu S J, Zhang P 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 195302Google Scholar

    [139]

    Yoshida T, Peters R, Fujimoto S, Kawakami N 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 196404Google Scholar

    [140]

    Pollmann F, Turner A M, Berg E, Oshikawa M 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 064439Google Scholar

    [141]

    Turner A M, Pollmann F, Berg E 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 075102Google Scholar

    [142]

    Fidkowski L 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 130502Google Scholar

    [143]

    Flammia S T, Hamma A, Hughes T L, Wen X G 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 261601Google Scholar

    [144]

    Li H, Haldane F D M 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 010504Google Scholar

    [145]

    Hastings M B, González I, Kallin A B, Melko R G 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 157201Google Scholar

    [146]

    Daley A J, Pichler H, Schachenmayer J, Zoller P 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 020505Google Scholar

    [147]

    Abanin D A, Demler E 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 020504Google Scholar

    [148]

    Jiang H C, Wang Z H, Balents L 2012 Nat. Phys. 8 902Google Scholar

    [149]

    Islam R, Ma R, Preiss P M, Tai M E, Lukin A, Rispoli M, Greiner M 2015 Nature (London) 528 77Google Scholar

    [150]

    Calabrese P, Cardy J 2004 J. Stat. Mech: Theory Exp. 06 P06002

    [151]

    Nielsen A E B, Sierra G, Cirac J I 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 053807Google Scholar

    [152]

    Wang C, Gao C, Jian C M, Zhai H 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 160403Google Scholar

    [153]

    Barnett R, Boyd G R, Galitski V 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 235308Google Scholar

    [154]

    Kawaguchi Y, Ueda M 2012 Phys. Rep. 520 253Google Scholar

    [155]

    Isoshima T, Machida K, Ohmi T 2001 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 70 1604Google Scholar

    [156]

    Mizushima T, Kobayashi N, Machida K 2004 Phys. Rev. A 70 043613Google Scholar

    [157]

    Stamper-Kurn D M, Ueda M 2013 Rev. Mod. Phys. 85 1191Google Scholar

    [158]

    Wang D S, Shi Y R, Chow K W, Yu Z X, Li X G 2013 Eur. Phys. J. D 67 242Google Scholar

    [159]

    Wang D S, Ma Y Q, Li X G 2014 Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 19 3556Google Scholar

    [160]

    Xu Z F, Kawaguchi Y, You L, Ueda M 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 033628Google Scholar

    [161]

    Lan Z, Ohberg P 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 023630Google Scholar

    [162]

    Han W, Zhang X F, Song S W, Saito H, Zhang W, Liu W M, Zhang S C 2016 Physics Review A 94 033629

    [163]

    Zhang Y, Mao L, Zhang C 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 035302Google Scholar

    [164]

    Li Y, Pitaevskii L P, Stringari S 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 225301Google Scholar

    [165]

    Saito H, Kawaguchi Y, Ueda M 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 065302Google Scholar

    [166]

    Saito H, Kawaguchi Y, Ueda M 2007 Phys. Rev. A 75 013621Google Scholar

    [167]

    Kawaguchi Y, Saito H, Kudo K, Ueda M 2010 Phys. Rev. A 82 043627Google Scholar

    [168]

    Lovegrove J, Borgh M O, Ruostekoski J 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 013613Google Scholar

    [169]

    Su S W, Liu I K, Tsai Y C, Liu W M, Gou S C 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 023601Google Scholar

    [170]

    Shinjo T, Okuno T, Hassdorf R, Shigeto K, Ono T 2000 Science 289 930Google Scholar

    [171]

    Wachowiak A, Wiebe J, Bode M, Pietzsch O, Morgenstern M, Wiesendanger R 2002 Science 298 577Google Scholar

    [172]

    Yi S, Pu H 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 020401Google Scholar

    [173]

    Leslie L S, Hansen A, Wright K C, Deutsch B M, Bigelow N P 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 250401Google Scholar

    [174]

    Sadler L E, Higbie J M, Leslie S R, Vengalattore M, Stamper-Kurn D M 2006 Nature (London) 443 312Google Scholar

    [175]

    Savard T A, Granade S R, O'Hara K M, Gehm M E, Thomas J E 1999 Phys. Rev. A 60 4788Google Scholar

    [176]

    McGuire B A, Carroll P B, Loomis R A, Finneran I A, Jewell P R, Remijan A J, Blake G A 2016 Science 352 1449Google Scholar

    [177]

    Yoon M, Srirambalaji R, Kim K 2012 Chem. Rev. 112 1196Google Scholar

    [178]

    Kallin C, Berlinsky J 2016 Rep. Prog. Phys. 79 054502Google Scholar

    [179]

    Weng H, Fang C, Fang Z, Bernevig B A, Dai X 2015 Phys. Rev. X 5 011029

    [180]

    Ryu K S, Thomas L, Yang S H, Parkin S 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 527Google Scholar

    [181]

    Emori S, Bauer U, Ahn S M, Martinez E, Beach G S D 2013 Nat. Mater. 12 611Google Scholar

    [182]

    Chen G, Ma T, N'Diaye A T, Kwon H, Won C, Wu Y, Schmid A K 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2671

    [183]

    Shibata K, Yu X Z, Hara T, Morikawa D, Kanazawa N, Kimoto K, Ishiwata S, Matsui Y, Tokura Y 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 723Google Scholar

    [184]

    Zhai H 2012 Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 26 1230001Google Scholar

    [185]

    Wu C 2009 Mod. Phys. Lett. B 23 1

    [186]

    Wilson R M, Anderson B M, Clark C W 2013 Phys Rev. Lett. 111 185303Google Scholar

    [187]

    Gopalakrishnan S, Martin I, Demler E A 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 185304Google Scholar

    [188]

    Henkel N, Nath R, Pohl T 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 195302Google Scholar

    [189]

    Hsueh C H, Tsai Y C, Wu K S, Chang M S, Wu W C 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 043646Google Scholar

    [190]

    Heidemann R, Raitzsch U, Bendkowsky V, Butscher B, Löw R, Pfau T 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 033601Google Scholar

    [191]

    Boninsegni M, Prokof'ev N V 2012 Rev. Mod. Phys. 84 759Google Scholar

    [192]

    Boninsegni M 2012 J. Low Temp. Phys. 168 137Google Scholar

    [193]

    Balibar S 2010 Nature (London) 464 176Google Scholar

    [194]

    Andreev A F, Lifshitz I M 1969 Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 56 2057

    [195]

    Chester G V 1970 Phys. Rev. A 2 256Google Scholar

    [196]

    Leggett A J 1970 Phys. Rev. Lett. 25 1543Google Scholar

    [197]

    Kim E, Chan M H W 2004 Nature (London) 427 225Google Scholar

    [198]

    Luo X, Wu L, Chen J, Guan Q, Gao K, Xu Z F, You L, Wang R 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 18983Google Scholar

    [199]

    Yefsah T, Desbuquois R, Chomaz L, Günter K J, Dalibard J 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 130401Google Scholar

    [200]

    Han W, Zhang X F, Wang D S, Jiang H F, Zhang W, Zhang S G 2018 Phys. Rev. Letter 121 030404

    [201]

    Ruokokoski E, Huhtamäki, MöttÖnen M 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 051607(R)Google Scholar

    [202]

    Xu Z F, Kobayashi S, Ueda M 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 013621Google Scholar

    [203]

    Su S W, Gou S C, Sun Q, Wen L, Liu W M, Ji A C, Ruseckas J, Juzeliūnas G 2016 Phys. Rev. A 93 053630Google Scholar

    [204]

    Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 899Google Scholar

    [205]

    Mühlbauer S, Binz B, Jonietz F, Pfleiderer C, Rosch A, Neubauer A, Georgii R, Böni P 2009 Science 323 915Google Scholar

    [206]

    Yu X Z, Onose Y, Kanazawa N, Park J H, Han J H, Matsui Y, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2010 Nature (London) 465 901Google Scholar

    [207]

    Seki S, Yu X Z, Ishiwata S, Tokura Y 2012 Science 336 198Google Scholar

    [208]

    Ozawa T, Baym G 2012 Phys. Rev. A 85 063623Google Scholar

    [209]

    Fetter A L 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 023629Google Scholar

    [210]

    Madison K W, Chevy F, Wohlleben W, Dalibard J 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 806Google Scholar

    [211]

    Abo-Shaeer J R, Raman C, Vogels J M, Ketterle W 2001 Science 292 476Google Scholar

    [212]

    Li J R, Lee J, Huang W, Burchesky S, Shteynas B, Top F C, Jamison A O, Ketterle W 2017 Nature (London) 543 91Google Scholar

    [213]

    Ho T L, Zhang S 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 150403Google Scholar

    [214]

    Ji S C, Zhang J Y, Zhang L, Du Z D, Zheng W, Deng Y J, Zhai H, Chen S, Pan J W 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 314Google Scholar

    [215]

    Hall D S, Matthews M R, Ensher J R, Wieman C E, Cornell E A 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 1539Google Scholar

  • [1] 张杰, 陈爱喜, 彭泽安. 基于双原子超-亚辐射态选择性驱动的空间定向关联辐射. 物理学报, 2024, 73(14): 144202. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20240521
    [2] 王欢, 贺夏瑶, 李帅, 刘博. 非线性相互作用的自旋-轨道耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的淬火动力学. 物理学报, 2023, 72(10): 100309. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20222401
    [3] 王志梅, 王虹, 薛乃涛, 成高艳. 自旋轨道耦合量子点系统中的量子相干. 物理学报, 2022, 71(7): 078502. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20212111
    [4] 吴瑾, 陆展鹏, 徐志浩, 郭利平. 由超辐射引起的迁移率边和重返局域化. 物理学报, 2022, 71(11): 113702. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20212246
    [5] 李家锐, 王梓安, 徐彤彤, 张莲莲, 公卫江. 一维${\cal {PT}}$对称非厄米自旋轨道耦合Su-Schrieffer-Heeger模型的拓扑性质. 物理学报, 2022, 71(17): 177302. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220796
    [6] 陈星, 薛潇博, 张升康, 马余全, 费鹏, 姜元, 葛军. 两体相互作用费米系统在自旋轨道耦合和塞曼场中的基态转变. 物理学报, 2021, 70(8): 083401. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20201456
    [7] 张爱霞, 姜艳芳, 薛具奎. 光晶格中自旋轨道耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的非线性能谱特性. 物理学报, 2021, 70(20): 200302. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20210705
    [8] 薛海斌, 段志磊, 陈彬, 陈建宾, 邢丽丽. 自旋轨道耦合Su-Schrieffer-Heeger原子链系统的电子输运特性. 物理学报, 2021, 70(8): 087301. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20201742
    [9] 梁滔, 李铭. 自旋轨道耦合系统中的整数量子霍尔效应. 物理学报, 2019, 68(11): 117101. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20190037
    [10] 李志强, 王月明. 一维谐振子束缚的自旋轨道耦合玻色气体. 物理学报, 2019, 68(17): 173201. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20190143
    [11] 杨圆, 陈帅, 李小兵. Rashba自旋轨道耦合下square-octagon晶格的拓扑相变. 物理学报, 2018, 67(23): 237101. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180624
    [12] 刘胜利, 厉建峥, 程杰, 王海云, 李永涛, 张红光, 李兴鳌. 强自旋轨道耦合化合物Sr2-xLaxIrO4的掺杂和拉曼谱学. 物理学报, 2015, 64(20): 207103. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.207103
    [13] 陈东海, 杨谋, 段后建, 王瑞强. 自旋轨道耦合作用下石墨烯pn结的电子输运性质. 物理学报, 2015, 64(9): 097201. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.097201
    [14] 陈光平. 简谐+四次势中自旋轨道耦合旋转玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态结构. 物理学报, 2015, 64(3): 030302. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.030302
    [15] 龚士静, 段纯刚. 金属表面Rashba自旋轨道耦合作用研究进展. 物理学报, 2015, 64(18): 187103. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.187103
    [16] 陈再高, 王建国, 王玥, 朱湘琴, 张殿辉, 乔海亮. 相对论返波管超辐射产生与辐射的数值模拟研究. 物理学报, 2014, 63(3): 038402. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.038402
    [17] 张磊, 李辉武, 胡梁宾. 二维自旋轨道耦合电子气中持续自旋螺旋态的稳定性的研究. 物理学报, 2012, 61(17): 177203. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.177203
    [18] 杨杰, 董全力, 江兆潭, 张杰. 自旋轨道耦合作用对碳纳米管电子能带结构的影响. 物理学报, 2011, 60(7): 075202. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.075202
    [19] 余志强, 谢泉, 肖清泉. 狭义相对论下电子自旋轨道耦合对X射线光谱的影响. 物理学报, 2010, 59(2): 925-931. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.925
    [20] 周青春, 王嘉赋, 徐荣青. 自旋-轨道耦合对磁性绝缘体磁光Kerr效应的影响. 物理学报, 2002, 51(7): 1639-1644. doi: 10.7498/aps.51.1639
计量
  • 文章访问数:  20150
  • PDF下载量:  478
  • 被引次数: 0
出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2019-08-19
  • 修回日期:  2019-11-26
  • 上网日期:  2019-12-17
  • 刊出日期:  2020-01-05

/

返回文章
返回