含双曲超构材料的复合周期结构的带隙调控及应用

吴丰; 郭志伟; 吴家驹; 江海涛; 杜桂强

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200084

摘要

等频面的拓扑结构强烈影响光在材料中的行为. 通常组成光子晶体原胞的材料都是介电材料, 其等频面都具有相同的封闭拓扑结构. 结构最为简单的光子晶体是由两种介电材料交替组成的一维光子晶体. 然而, 这种传统的光子晶体在横磁和横电偏振下的光子带隙将随着入射角的增大而向短波方向移动, 既不利于全向带隙的产生与展宽, 又使得基于光子带隙的一些应用限制在很窄的入射角度范围内. 本综述利用双曲超构材料对电磁波相位的独特调控作用, 在由具有开放的等频面的双曲超构材料和具有封闭的等频面的普通介电材料交替组成的复合周期结构中实现了随入射角零移以及红移的特殊带隙, 为研制具有新型功能的光学器件提供了新机理. 基于零移带隙, 可设计具有固定带宽的全向反射器和宽角度的近完美光吸收器. 基于红移带隙, 可设计宽角度的偏振选择器和超灵敏折射率传感器.

关键词:

Abstract

Behaviours of light in materials strongly depend on the topological structure of the iso-frequency surface (IFS). The usual materials, of which the unit cell of photonic crystal is made up, are dielectrics, whose IFSs have the same closed topological structure. As a simplest photonic crystal, one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) has attracted intensive attention due to its simple fabrication technique as well as numerous applications. However, in a conventional all-dielectric 1DPC, photonic band gaps (PBGs) for both transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarizations will shift toward short wavelengths (i.e. blueshift) as incident angle increases. The underlying physical reason is that the propagating phase in isotropic dielectric will decrease as incident angle increases. The blueshift property of band gap for TM and TE polarization will limit the band width of omnidirectional band gap and the range of operating incident angles in some PBG-based applications, including near-perfect absorption, polarization selection and sensitive refractive index sensing. However, for TM polarization, the propagating phase in a hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) will increase with incident angle increasing. This special phase property of HMM provides us with a way to flexibly tune the angle-dependent property of band gap in periodic compound structure composed of alternative HMM with open IFS and dielectric with close IFS. In this review, we realize zeroshift (i.e. angle-independent) band gaps as well as redshift band gaps in 1DPCs containing HMMs, which can be utilized to realize near-perfect absorption, sensitive refractive index sensing and polarization selection working in a wide range of incident angles.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
同济大学物理科学与工程学院, 先进微结构材料教育部重点实验室, 上海　200092

2.
广东技术师范大学光电工程学院, 广州　510665

3.
山东大学空间科学与物理学院, 威海　264209

通信作者: 江海涛, jiang-haitao@tongji.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家级-国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2016YFA0200503) 资助的课题(2016YFA0301101)

Authors and contacts

1.
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Advanced Microstructure Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

2.
School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China

3.
School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong Univeristy, Weihai 264209, China

Corresponding author: Jiang Hai-Tao, jiang-haitao@tongji.edu.cn

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施引文献

图 1 含双曲超构材料的复合周期结构的示意图

Fig. 1. Schematic of the compound periodic structure containing hyperbolic metamaterials.

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图 2 传统的全介质一维光子晶体(AB)^N的示意图

Fig. 2. Schematic of the conventional all-dielectric one-dimensional photonic crystal (AB)^N.

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图 3 普通介质A和B的等频线(TM和TE偏振)

Fig. 3. Iso-frequency curves of isotropic dielectrics A and B (TM and TE polarizations).

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图 4 数值计算的一维光子晶体(AB)¹⁰的反射谱(TM和TE偏振)随入射角的变化

Fig. 4. Calculated reflectance spectrum of (AB)¹⁰ as a function of incident angle (TM and TE polarizations).

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图 5 含双曲超构材料的一维光子晶体[(CD)^SB]^N的示意图

Fig. 5. Schematic of the one-dimensional photonic crystal containing hyperbolic metamaterials [(CD)^SB]^N.

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图 6 (a)双曲材料A和(b)普通介质B的等频线(TM偏振)

Fig. 6. Iso-frequency curves of (a) hyperbolic metamaterial A and (b) isotropic dielectric B (TM polarization).

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图 7 含双曲超构材料的一维光子晶体[(CD)²B]³在不同入射角下的反射谱(TM偏振) 　(a) 数值计算结果^[107]; (b) 实验测量结果^[107]

Fig. 7. Reflectance spectra of [(CD)²B]³ under different incident angles (TM polarization): (a) Simulated result^[107]; (b) experimental result^[107].

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图 8 含双曲超构材料的一维光子晶体[(CD)²B]³的反射谱(TM偏振)随入射角的变化^[107], 其中彩色背景代表数值计算结果, 黑色空心圆圈代表实验测量的带隙边缘(由最靠近带隙的反射极小值提取)

Fig. 8. Reflectance spectrum of [(CD)²B]³ as a function of incident angle (TM polarization)^[107]. Background color represents the calculated result. Black hollow circle represents measured gap edge extracted from the reflectance dip.

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图 9 数值计算的含双曲超构材料的一维光子晶体[(CD)²B]³的反射谱(TM和TE偏振)随入射角的变化^[108]

Fig. 9. Calculated reflectance spectrum of [(CD)²B]³ as a function of incident angle (TM and TE polarizations)^[108].

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图 10 实验测量的含双曲超构材料的一维光子晶体[(CD)²B]³在不同入射角下的反射谱　(a) TM偏振^[108]; (b) TE偏振^[108]

Fig. 10. Experimental reflectance spectra of [(CD)²B]³ under different incident angles: (a) TM polarization^[108]; (b) TE polarization^[108].

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图 11 (a) 异质结M[(CD)²B]³的结构示意图^[109]; (b) 实验测量的异质结M[(CD)²B]³在不同入射角下的吸收谱(TM偏振)^[109]

Fig. 11. (a) Schematic of the heterostructure M[(CD)²B]³^[109]; (b) experimental absorptance spectra of M[(CD)²B]³ under different incident angles (TM polarization)^[109].

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图 12 实验测量的异质结M[(CD)²B]³在波长380 nm处的吸收率随入射角的变化(TM偏振)^[109]

Fig. 12. Experimental absorptance of M[(CD)²B]³ as a function of incident angle at $\lambda = 380$ nm (TM polarization)^[109].

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图 13 (a) 实验测量的含双曲超构材料的一维光子晶体[(CD)²B]³在波长365 nm处的TM和TE偏振的反射率随入射角的变化^[108]; (b) 相应的偏振选择比随入射角的变化^[108]

Fig. 13. (a) Experimental reflectance of M[(CD)²B]³ as a function of incident angle for TM and TE polarizations at $\lambda = 365$ nm^[108]; (b) corresponding polarization selection ratio as a function of incident angle^[108].

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图 14 数值计算的异质结M[(CD)²B]⁹的反射谱(TM和TE偏振)随入射角的变化^[114]

Fig. 14. Calculated reflectance spectrum of M[(CD)²B]⁹ as a function of incident angle (TM and TE polarizations)^[114].

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图 15 (a) 折射率传感器的示意图^[114]; (b) 数值计算的传感器的最佳折射率分辨率随入射角的变化^[114]

Fig. 15. (a) Schematic of the refractive index sensor^[114]; (b) calculated minimal refractive index resolution as a function of incident angle^[114].

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