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本文利用常压化学气相沉积方法, 在光子晶体光纤内孔壁上直接生长石墨烯薄膜, 实现了石墨烯-光纤复合材料的直接制备. 研究发现光纤中石墨烯层数和缺陷主要受生长温度、生长时间以及甲烷流量等参数影响. 拉曼光谱和扫描电子显微镜等表征结果表明: 石墨烯在光子晶体光纤孔内的生长均匀性良好, 适当的高温、较长的生长时间以及合适的甲烷流量有利于生长高质量的石墨烯. 石墨烯-光子晶体光纤复合材料的制备, 对基于光纤平台的石墨烯光电器件的研究、开发和应用有着重要的推动作用, 也为石墨烯全光纤集成应用提供了新的思路.
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关键词:
- 石墨烯 /
- 石墨烯-光子晶体光纤 /
- 化学气相沉积 /
- 拉曼光谱
The integration of fiber with graphene has greatly expanded the two-dimensional functional materials in the field of photonics research. However, the growth method by using chemical vapor deposition with metal catalytic substrateis limited to the fabrication of a graphene-fiber composite due to inevitably transferring graphene flakes onto the optical fiber surface. In order to fully achieve the interaction between light and graphene material, optical fibers have to be treated with special structure, which greatly damages the fiber structure, resulting in inefficient and harmful manufacturing strategy for the mass production. In this paper, a graphene-photonic crystal fiber (G-PCF) composite is prepared by atmospheric chemical vapor deposition (APCVD), which can directly grow monolayer and multi-layer graphene into the air-hole of photonic crystal fiber. Furthermore, we randomly break a G-PCF and then conduct an electron microscope (SEM) test at the fractured section. It is obvious that a tube-like graphene protruding out of one hole in the fractured area of the G-PCF is observed, thus further demonstrating that a monolayer graphene is grown on the inner hole walls of the PCF as shown inFig. 2 . By changing the process parameters such as growth temperature, duration and gas flow rate of carbon source, the law of the influence of different parameters on the graphene layers is explored. In addition, the uniformity of graphene and defects in the graphene-photonic crystal fiber(G-PCF) are experimentally analyzed. As illustrated inFig. 7 , a 4-cm-long uniform graphene-photonic crystal fiber sample is achieved by controlling the gas flow rate, growth time and the growth temperature. The APCVD method of directly growing graphene onto the inner hole walls of the PCF is simple and effective. The flexible structure and optical control enable the G-PCF to have great potential applications in all-optical devices and photonics. The development of high-quality graphene synthesis and opto-electronics technology ensures its compatibility with the integrated electronics platform and existing optical fiber systems. Moreover, our results will pave the way for 2D materials and optical fiber applications, providing a new idea for the application of graphene to the integration of all-optical fibers.[1] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666
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[1] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666
Google Scholar
[2] Li L K, Yu Y J, Ye G J, Ge Q Q, Ou X D, Wu H, Feng D L, Chen H X, Zhang Y B 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 372
Google Scholar
[3] Zhao W, Ghorannevis Z, Chu L, Toh M, Kloc C, Tan P H, Eda G 2012 ACS Nano 7 791
[4] Dean C R, Young A F, Meric I, Lee C, Wang L, Sorgenfrei S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kim P, Shepard K L, Hone J 2010 Nat. Nanotechnol. 5 722
Google Scholar
[5] Liu C H, Chang Y C, Norris T B, Zhong Z H 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 273
Google Scholar
[6] Xin W, Liu Z B, Sheng Q W, Feng M, Huang L G, Wang P, Jiang W S, Xing F, Liu Y G, Tian J G 2014 Opt. Express 22 10239
Google Scholar
[7] Li W, Chen B G, Meng C, Fang W, Xiao Y, Li X Y, Hu Z F, Xu Y X, Tong L M, Wang H Q, Liu W T, Bao J M, Shen R 2014 Nano Lett. 14 955
Google Scholar
[8] Martinez A, Fuse K, Yamashita S J 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 121107
Google Scholar
[9] Williams G M, Seger B, Kamat P 2008 ACS Nano 2 1487
Google Scholar
[10] Sutter P W, Flege J I, Sutter E A 2008 Nat. Mater. 7 406
Google Scholar
[11] Sun J Y, Zhang Y F, Liu Z F 2016 ChemNanoMat 2 212
Google Scholar
[12] Guo W, Jing F, Xiao J, Zhou C, Lin Y W, Wang S 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 3152
Google Scholar
[13] Xu X Z, Zhang Z H, Qiu L, Zhuang J N, Zhang L, Wang H, Liao C N, Song H D, Qiao R X, Gao P, Hu Z H, Liao L, Liao Z M, Yu D P, Wang E G, Ding F, Peng H L, Liu K H 2016 Nat. Nanotechnol. 11 930
Google Scholar
[14] Zhou F, Jin X F, Hao R, Zhang X M, Chi H, Zheng S L 2016 J. Opt. 45 337
Google Scholar
[15] Chen J H, Liang Z H, Yuan L R, Li C, Chen M R, Xia Y D, Zhang X J, Xu F, Lu Y Q 2017 Nanoscale 9 3424
Google Scholar
[16] Yang X C, Lu Y, Liu B L, Yao J Q 2016 Plasmonics 12 489
[17] Chen K, Zhou X, Cheng X, Qiao R X, Cheng Y, Liu C, Xie Y D, Yu W T, Yao F R, Sun Z P, Wang F, Liu K H, Liu Z F 2019 Nat. Photonics 13 754
Google Scholar
[18] 张秋慧, 韩敬华, 冯国英, 徐其兴, 丁立中, 卢晓翔 2012 物理学报 61 234302
Google Scholar
Zhang Q H, Hang J H, Feng G Y, Xu Q X, Ding L Z, Lu X X 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 234302
Google Scholar
[19] 吴娟霞, 徐华, 张锦 2014 化学学报 72 301
Google Scholar
Wu J X, Xu H, Zhang J 2014 Acta Chim. Sin. 72 301
Google Scholar
[20] Malard L M, Pimenta M A, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus M S 2009 Phys. Rep. 473 51
Google Scholar
[21] Lazzeri M, Attaccalite C, Wirtz L, Mauri F 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 081406
Google Scholar
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