新型电磁波隐身研究进展

陈天航; 郑斌; 钱超; 陈红胜

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200976

摘要

随着科技的发展, 隐身逐步从一种简单、朴素的视觉欺骗手段, 走向一种精准化、系统化的现代技术体系. 通过设计合理的电磁参数, 新型电磁波隐身技术能够灵活地调控电磁波的传播与散射, 从而降低被隐身物体的可探测性. 新型隐身器件的电磁参数可以通过人工设计微纳结构的方法来实现, 也可以结合自然界中已存在的介质来制备. 本文在详细介绍新型电磁波隐身研究进展的基础上, 探讨了这一领域所面临的难点和挑战, 并对未来的发展做了展望.

关键词:

电磁波隐身 /
隐身衣

Abstract

With the development of science and technology, the invisibility has gradually moved from a simple and plain visual deception trick to a precise and systematic modern technology system. By designing appropriate electromagnetic parameters, the novel electromagnetic wave cloaking technology is able to control the propagation and scattering of electromagnetic wave, thereby reducing the detectability of the cloaked object. The electromagnetic parameters of these novel cloaking devices can be realized by using the artificially designed nanostructures, or by combining the medium that already exists in nature. In this review, according to a detailed introduction of the research progress of novel electromagnetic wave cloaking, we discuss the difficulties and challenges in this field, and give an outlook on the future development.

Keywords:

electromagnetic cloaking /
invisibility cloak

作者及机构信息

浙江大学信息与电子工程学院, 浙江省先进微纳电子器件智能系统及应用重点实验室, 杭州　310027

通信作者: 郑斌, zhengbin@zju.edu.cn ; 陈红胜, hansomchen@zju.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 61625502, 11961141010, 61975176)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

Key Labortary of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

Corresponding author: Zheng Bin, zhengbin@zju.edu.cn ; Chen Hong-Sheng, hansomchen@zju.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61625502, 11961141010, 61975176)

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Deng L J, Han M G 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 023119 Google Scholar
[2]	Sun X Y, Liu X, Shen X, Wu Y, Wang Z Y, Kim J K 2017 Compos. Part a-Appl S. 92 190 Google Scholar
[3]	Panwar R, Puthucheri S, Singh D, Agarwala V 2015 IEEE T. Magn. 51 1 Google Scholar
[4]	Falcone F, Lopetegi T, Laso M A, Baena J D, Bonache J, Beruete M, Marques R, Martin F, Sorolla M 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 197401 Google Scholar
[5]	Peng L, Ran L, Chen H, Zhang H, Kong J A, Grzegorczyk T M 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 157403 Google Scholar
[6]	Foteinopoulou S, Economou E N, Soukoulis C M 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 107402 Google Scholar
[7]	Chen H, Ran L, Huangfu J, Zhang X, Chen K, Grzegorczyk T M, Au Kong J 2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 057605 Google Scholar
[8]	Grbic A, Eleftheriades G V 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 92 5930 Google Scholar
[9]	Lu J, Grzegorczyk T M, Zhang Y, Pacheco Jr J, Wu B I, Kong J A, Chen M 2003 Opt. Express 11 723 Google Scholar
[10]	Chen H S, Chen M 2011 Mater. Today. 14 34 Google Scholar
[11]	Luo C, Ibanescu M, Johnson S G, Joannopoulos J D 2003 Science 299 368 Google Scholar
[12]	Kong J A, Wu B I, Zhang Y 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 2084 Google Scholar
[13]	Chen X, Li C F 2004 Phys. Rev. E. Stat. Nonlin. Soft. Matter. Phys. 69 066617 Google Scholar
[14]	Shen N H, Chen J, Wu Q Y, Lan T, Fan Y X, Wang H T 2006 Opt. Express 14 10574 Google Scholar
[15]	Allen K W, Dykes D J P, Reid D R, Lee R T 2020 Prog. Electromagn. Res. 167 19
[16]	Cheng Y, Li W, Mao X 2019 Prog. Electromagn. Res. 165 35 Google Scholar
[17]	Lin B-Q, Guo J, Wang Y, Wang Z, Huang B, Liu X 2018 Prog. Electromagn. Res. 161 125 Google Scholar
[18]	Ramahi O M, Almoneef T S, AlShareef M, Boybay M S 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 173903 Google Scholar
[19]	El Badawe M, Ramahi O M 2018 Prog. Electromagn. Res. 161 35 Google Scholar
[20]	Landy N I, Sajuyigbe S, Mock J J, Smith D R, Padilla W J 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 207402 Google Scholar
[21]	Tao H, Landy N I, Bingham C M, Zhang X, Averitt R D, Padilla W J 2008 Opt. Express 16 7181 Google Scholar
[22]	Zou Y H, Jiang L Y, Wen S C, Shu W X, Qing Y J, Tang Z X, Luo H L, Fan D Y 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 261115 Google Scholar
[23]	Wang B N, Koschny T, Soukoulis C M 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 033108 Google Scholar
[24]	Shen X P, Yang Y, Zang Y Z, Gu J Q, Han J G, Zhang W L, Cui T J 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 154102 Google Scholar
[25]	Huang L, Chen H 2011 Prog. Electromagn. Res. 113 103 Google Scholar
[26]	Cui Y, Fung K H, Xu J, Ma H, Jin Y, He S, Fang N X 2012 Nano. Lett. 12 1443 Google Scholar
[27]	Ding F, Cui Y, Ge X, Jin Y, He S 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 103506 Google Scholar
[28]	Xu H X, Wang G M, Qi M Q, Liang J G, Gong J Q, Xu Z M 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 205104 Google Scholar
[29]	Soric J C, Fleury R, Monti A, Toscano A, Bilotti F, Alu A 2014 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 62 4220 Google Scholar
[30]	Li W, Wei J, Wang W, Hu D, Li Y, Guan J 2016 Mater. Des. 110 27 Google Scholar
[31]	Mou J, Shen Z 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 6922 Google Scholar
[32]	Jiang Z H, Yun S, Toor F, Werner D H, Mayer T S 2011 ACS Nano 5 4641 Google Scholar
[33]	Moghimi M J, Lin G Y, Jiang H R 2018 Adv. Eng. Mater. 20 1800038 Google Scholar
[34]	Xu H X, Ma S, Ling X, Zhang X K, Tang S, Cai T, Sun S, He Q, Zhou L 2018 ACS Photonics 5 1691 Google Scholar
[35]	Xu H X, Zhang L, Kim Y, Wang G M, Zhang X K, Sun Y, Ling X, Liu H, Chen Z, Qiu C W 2018 Adv. Opt. Mater. 6 1800010 Google Scholar
[36]	Inami M, Kawakami N, Tachi S 2003 Optical Camouflage Using Retro-reflective Projection Technology (Tokyo: 2nd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality) pp348, 349
[37]	Pendry J B, Schurig D, Smith D R 2006 Science 312 1780 Google Scholar
[38]	Chen H, Wu B I, Zhang B, Kong J A 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 063903 Google Scholar
[39]	Ye D, Lu L, Joannopoulos J D, Soljacic M, Ran L 2016 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 113 2568 Google Scholar
[40]	Hayran Z, Kurt H, Herrero R, Botey M, Staliunas K, Staliunas K 2018 ACS Photonics 5 2068 Google Scholar
[41]	Alu A, Engheta N 2005 Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 72 016623 Google Scholar
[42]	Edwards B, Alu A, Silveirinha M G, Engheta N 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 153901 Google Scholar
[43]	Xu S, Cheng X, Xi S, Zhang R, Moser H O, Shen Z, Xu Y, Huang Z, Zhang X, Yu F, Zhang B, Chen H 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 223903 Google Scholar
[44]	Rainwater D, Kerkhoff A, Melin K, Soric J C, Moreno G, Alu A 2012 New J. Phys. 14 013054 Google Scholar
[45]	Soric J C, Chen P Y, Kerkhoff A, Rainwater D, Melin K, Alu A 2013 New J. Phys. 15 033037 Google Scholar
[46]	Yang T, Chen H, Luo X, Ma H 2008 Opt. Express 16 18545 Google Scholar
[47]	Yang F, Mei Z L, Jiang W X, Cui T J 2015 J. Optics 17 105610 Google Scholar
[48]	Chen T H, Yang F, Mei Z L 2015 Phys. Status. Solidi. A 212 1746 Google Scholar
[49]	Gömöry F, Solovyov M, Šouc J, Navau C, Prat-Camps J, Sanchez A 2012 Science 335 1466 Google Scholar
[50]	Mach-Batlle R, Parra A, Laut S, Del-Valle N, Navau C, Sanchez A 2018 Phys. Rev. Appl. 9 034007 Google Scholar
[51]	Zhu J, Jiang W, Liu Y, Yin G, Yuan J, He S, Ma Y 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8931 Google Scholar
[52]	Jiang W, Ma Y G, Zhu J F, Yin G, Liu Y C, Yuan J, He S L 2017 Npg Asia Mater. 9 e341 Google Scholar
[53]	Leonhardt U 2006 Science 312 1777 Google Scholar
[54]	Leonhardt U 2006 New J. Phys. 8 118 Google Scholar
[55]	Leonhardt U 2007 Nat. Photonics 1 207 Google Scholar
[56]	Leonhardt U, Philbin T G (Wolf E Ed.) 2009 Progress in Optics (Elsevier) pp69–152
[57]	Teixeira F L, Chew W C 2012 J. Electromagnet. Wave. 13 665 Google Scholar
[58]	Ward A J, Pendry J B 1996 J. Mod. Optic 43 773 Google Scholar
[59]	Teixeira F L, Chew W C 1999 J. Math. Phys. 40 169 Google Scholar
[60]	Cummer S A, Popa B I, Schurig D, Smith D R, Pendry J 2006 Phys. Rev. E. Stat. Nonlin. Soft. Matter. Phys. 74 036621 Google Scholar
[61]	Schurig D, Mock J J, Justice B J, Cummer S A, Pendry J B, Starr A F, Smith D R 2006 Science 314 977 Google Scholar
[62]	Cai W S, Chettiar U K, Kildishev A V, Shalaev V M 2007 Nat. Photonics. 1 224 Google Scholar
[63]	Smolyaninov I I, Hung Y J, Davis C C 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 1342 Google Scholar
[64]	Xi S, Chen H, Wu B I, Kong J A 2009 IEEE Microw. Wirel. Co. 19 131 Google Scholar
[65]	Landy N, Smith D R 2013 Nat. Mater. 12 25 Google Scholar
[66]	Luo Y, Zhang J, Chen H, Ran L, Wu B I, Kong J A 2009 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 57 3926 Google Scholar
[67]	Sun F, Zhang Y, Evans J, He S 2019 Prog. Electromagn. Res. 165 107 Google Scholar
[68]	Chen H, Zheng B 2012 Sci. Rep. 2 255 Google Scholar
[69]	Howell J C, Howell J B, Choi J S 2014 Appl. Opt. 53 1958 Google Scholar
[70]	Choi J S, Howell J C 2014 Opt. Express 22 29465 Google Scholar
[71]	Chen H, Zheng B, Shen L, Wang H, Zhang X, Zheludev N I, Zhang B 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2652 Google Scholar
[72]	Shen L, Zheng B, Liu Z Z, Wang Z J, Lin S S, Dehdashti S, Li E P, Chen H S 2015 Adv. Opt. Mater. 3 1738 Google Scholar
[73]	Zheng B, Zhu R, Jing L, Yang Y, Shen L, Wang H, Wang Z, Zhang X, Liu X, Li E, Chen H 2018 Adv. Sci. 5 1800056 Google Scholar
[74]	Li J, Pendry J B 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 203901 Google Scholar
[75]	Liu R, Ji C, Mock J J, Chin J Y, Cui T J, Smith D R 2009 Science 323 366 Google Scholar
[76]	Valentine J, Li J, Zentgraf T, Bartal G, Zhang X 2009 Nat. Mater. 8 568 Google Scholar
[77]	Lee J H, Blair J, Tamma V A, Wu Q, Rhee S J, Summers C J, Park W 2009 Opt. Express 17 12922 Google Scholar
[78]	Gabrielli L H, Cardenas J, Poitras C B, Lipson M 2009 Nat. Photonics 3 461 Google Scholar
[79]	Zhou F, Bao Y, Cao W, Stuart C T, Gu J, Zhang W, Sun C 2011 Sci. Rep. 1 78 Google Scholar
[80]	Fischer J, Ergin T, Wegener M 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 2059 Google Scholar
[81]	Gharghi M, Gladden C, Zentgraf T, Liu Y, Yin X, Valentine J, Zhang X 2011 Nano. Lett. 11 2825 Google Scholar
[82]	Zhang B, Chan T, Wu B I 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 233903 Google Scholar
[83]	Yu N, Genevet P, Kats M A, Aieta F, Tetienne J P, Capasso F, Gaburro Z 2011 Science 334 333 Google Scholar
[84]	Zhang J, Mei Z L, Zhang W R, Yang F, Cui T J 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 151115 Google Scholar
[85]	Estakhri N M, Alu A 2014 IEEE. Antenn. Wirel. Pr. 13 1775 Google Scholar
[86]	Ni X, Wong Z J, Mrejen M, Wang Y, Zhang X 2015 Science 349 1310 Google Scholar
[87]	Orazbayev B, Estakhri N M, Beruete M, Alu A 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 195444 Google Scholar
[88]	Orazbayev B, Estakhri N M, Alu A, Beruete M 2017 Adv. Opt. Mater. 5 1600606 Google Scholar
[89]	Cheng J, Jafar-Zanjani S, Mosallaei H 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 38440 Google Scholar
[90]	Tao H, Yang Z Y, Wang Z K, Zhao M 2016 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33 2251 Google Scholar
[91]	Yang Y, Wang H, Yu F, Xu Z, Chen H 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 20219 Google Scholar
[92]	Yang Y, Jing L, Zheng B, Hao R, Yin W, Li E, Soukoulis C M, Chen H 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 6866 Google Scholar
[93]	Wei M, Yang Q, Zhang X, Li Y, Gu J, Han J, Zhang W 2017 Opt. Express 25 15635 Google Scholar
[94]	Wang C, Yang Y, Liu Q, Liang D, Zheng B, Chen H, Xu Z, Wang H 2018 Opt. Express 26 14123 Google Scholar
[95]	Yang J N, Huang C, Wu X Y, Sun B, Luo X G 2018 Adv. Opt. Mater. 6 1800073 Google Scholar
[96]	Ma H, Qu S B, Xu Z, Wang J F 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 103501 Google Scholar
[97]	Lai Y, Chen H, Zhang Z Q, Chan C T 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 093901 Google Scholar
[98]	Lai Y, Ng J, Chen H, Han D, Xiao J, Zhang Z Q, Chan C T 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 253902 Google Scholar
[99]	Wu X, Lin Z, Chen H, Chan C T 2009 Appl. Opt. 48 G101 Google Scholar
[100]	Zheng B, Madni H A, Hao R, Zhang X, Liu X, Li E, Chen H 2016 Light. Sci. Appl. 5 e16177 Google Scholar
[101]	Madni H A, Zheng B, Yang Y, Wang H, Zhang X, Yin W, Li E, Chen H 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 36846 Google Scholar
[102]	Madni H A, Hussain K, Jiang W X, Liu S, Aziz A, Iqbal S, Mahboob A, Cui T J 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 9641 Google Scholar
[103]	Nelson P A, Elliott S J 1991 (Academic Press) pp290–293
[104]	Miller D A B 2006 Opt. Express 14 12457 Google Scholar
[105]	Zhang B, Chen H, Wu B I, Kong J A 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 063904 Google Scholar
[106]	Vasquez F G, Milton G W, Onofrei D 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 073901 Google Scholar
[107]	Vasquez F G, Milton G W, Onofrei D 2009 Opt. Express 17 14800 Google Scholar
[108]	Zheng H H, Xiao J J, Lai Y, Chan C T 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 195116 Google Scholar
[109]	Selvanayagam M, Eleftheriades G V 2012 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. Pr. 11 1226 Google Scholar
[110]	Selvanayagam M, Eleftheriades G V 2013 Phys. Rev. X 3 041011 Google Scholar
[111]	Ma Q, Mei Z L, Zhu S K, Jin T Y, Cui T J 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 173901 Google Scholar
[112]	Nguyen D M, Xu H Y, Zhang Y M, Zhang B L 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 121901 Google Scholar
[113]	Yang F, Mei Z L, Jin T Y, Cui T J 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 053902 Google Scholar
[114]	Liu M, Mei Z L, Ma X, Cui T J 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 051905 Google Scholar
[115]	Mei Z L, Liu Y S, Yang F, Cui T J 2012 Opt. Express 20 25758 Google Scholar
[116]	Yang F, Mei Z L, Yang X Y, Jin T Y, Cui T J 2013 Adv. Funct. Mater. 23 4306 Google Scholar
[117]	Jiang W X, Luo C Y, Ge S, Qiu C W, Cui T J 2015 Adv. Mater. 27 4628 Google Scholar
[118]	Han T, Liu Y, Liu L, Qin J, Li Y, Bao J, Ni D, Qiu C W 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 12208 Google Scholar
[119]	Chen T, Zheng B, Yang Y, Shen L, Wang Z, Gao F, Li E, Luo Y, Cui T J, Chen H 2019 Light. Sci. Appl. 8 30 Google Scholar
[120]	Han T, Ye H, Luo Y, Yeo S P, Teng J, Zhang S, Qiu C W 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 3478 Google Scholar
[121]	Fan C Z, Gao Y, Huang J P 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 251907 Google Scholar
[122]	Chen T Y, Weng C N, Chen J S 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 114103 Google Scholar
[123]	Narayana S, Sato Y 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 214303 Google Scholar
[124]	Schittny R, Kadic M, Guenneau S, Wegener M 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 195901 Google Scholar
[125]	Xu H, Shi X, Gao F, Sun H, Zhang B 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 054301 Google Scholar
[126]	Ma Y, Liu Y, Raza M, Wang Y, He S 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 205501 Google Scholar
[127]	Han T, Bai X, Gao D, Thong J T, Li B, Qiu C W 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 054302 Google Scholar
[128]	Han T, Bai X, Thong J T, Li B, Qiu C W 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 1731 Google Scholar
[129]	Li Y, Shen X, Wu Z, Huang J, Chen Y, Ni Y, Huang J 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 195503 Google Scholar
[130]	Hou Q W, Zhao X P, Meng T, Liu C L 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 218 Google Scholar
[131]	Li Y, Bai X, Yang T, Luo H, Qiu C W 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 273 Google Scholar
[132]	Li Y, Zhu K J, Peng Y G, Li W, Yang T, Xu H X, Chen H, Zhu X F, Fan S, Qiu C W 2019 Nat. Mater. 18 48 Google Scholar
[133]	Sun F, Liu Y, Yang Y, Chen Z, He S 2019 Opt. Express 27 33757 Google Scholar
[134]	Song J, Huang S, Ma Y, Cheng Q, Hu R, Luo X 2020 Opt. Express 28 875 Google Scholar
[135]	Teyssier J, Saenko S V, van der Marel D, Milinkovitch M C 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6368 Google Scholar
[136]	Shin D, Urzhumov Y, Jung Y, Kang G, Baek S, Choi M, Park H, Kim K, Smith D R 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 1213 Google Scholar
[137]	Peng R G, Xiao Z Q, Zhao Q, Zhang F L, Meng Y G, Li B, Zhou J, Fan Y C, Zhang P, Shen N H, Koschny T, Soukoulis C M 2017 Phys. Rev. X 7 011033 Google Scholar
[138]	Liu S, Xu H-X, Zhang H C, Cui T J 2014 Opt. Express 22 13403 Google Scholar
[139]	Cui T J, Qi M Q, Wan X, Zhao J, Cheng Q 2014 Light. Sci. Appl. 3 e218 Google Scholar
[140]	Huang C, Yang J, Wu X, Song J, Pu M, Wang C, Luo X 2017 ACS Photonics 5 1718 Google Scholar
[141]	Zhao J, Yang X, Dai J Y, Cheng Q, Li X, Qi N H, Ke J C, Bai G D, Liu S, Jin S, Alu A, Cui T J 2019 Natl. Sci. Rev. 6 231 Google Scholar
[142]	Qian C, Lin X, Lin X, Xu J, Sun Y, Li E, Zhang B, Chen H 2020 Light. Sci. Appl. 9 59 Google Scholar
[143]	Qian C, Zheng B, Shen Y, Jing L, Li E, Shen L, Chen H 2020 Nat. Photonics 14 383 Google Scholar
[144]	Zhang X G, Jiang W X, Jiang H L, Wang Q, Tian H W, Bai L, Luo Z J, Sun S, Luo Y, Qiu C-W, Cui T J 2020 Nat. Electro. 3 165 Google Scholar
[145]	Li C, Meng X, Liu X, Li F, Fang G, Chen H, Chan C T 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 233906 Google Scholar
[146]	Jiang W X, Cui T J 2011 Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 83 026601 Google Scholar
[147]	Shoorian H R, Abrishamian M S 2013 J. Optics 15 055107 Google Scholar
[148]	Ruan Z, Fan S 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 013901 Google Scholar
[149]	Qian C, Lin X, Yang Y, Xiong X, Wang H, Li E, Kaminer I, Zhang B, Chen H 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 063901 Google Scholar
[150]	Qian C, Lin X, Yang Y, Gao F, Shen Y, Lopez J, Kaminer I, Zhang B, Li E, Soljačić M, Chen H 2018 ACS Photonics 5 1506 Google Scholar
[151]	Luo X D, Yang T, Gu Y W, Chen H Y, Ma H R 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 223513 Google Scholar

施引文献

图 1 吸波或定向散射隐身, 美国空军F117A隐身战机的独特外观可以针对单基站雷达系统有效隐身

Fig. 1. Examples of absorbing or directional scattering cloaking methods: The unique appearance of U.S. Air Force F117A stealth fighter enables it to be effectively cloaked under the single-based station radar system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 吸收式隐身举例　(a)中红外波段吸收型表面遮罩^[32], 若被隐身物体放置遮罩下方, 则反射波会被吸收而不会进入任何探测器; (b)红外隐身/幻觉对热成像图像的影响^[33]

Fig. 2. Examples of absorption cloaking. (a) A mid-infrared absorption cloaking sheet^[32]. Most of the reflected wave will be absorbed without entering any detector. (b) Effect of infrared cloaking/illusion on thermal images^[33].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 “完美隐身”示意^[37] (电磁波在通过所设计的各向异性隐身球体后, 仍然沿着原来的方向传播)

Fig. 3. “A perfect cloak”^[37]. The electromagnetic wave still propagates in the original direction after passing through the designed anisotropic cloaking sphere.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 “自隐身材料”的工作原理及效果示意^[39]　(a)不同层数金属线谐振结构的等效电磁参数; (b) 自隐身结构在10 GHz斜入射平面波作用下的电场分布

Fig. 4. The working principle and effect of “self-cloaked material”^[39]: (a) Effective parameters of the solid slab composed of closely arranged corrugated wires with different layer thickness; (b) steady-state electric field distribution under an oblique plane-wave incidence at 10 GHz upon such self-cloaked material.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 散射相消法的基本原理^[41]

Fig. 5. Schematic of the scattering cancellation cloaking method^[41].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 基于变换光学的隐身衣实例^[61]

Fig. 6. Photo of cloak based on transformation optics^[61].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 利用均匀光学变换设计的一维方向隐身衣^[64]　(a)变换的原始虚空间, 红色场线代表某条光线; (b)变换后的实空间, 红色场线代表该条变换后的光线; (c)用周期性层状结构实现的该一维方向隐身衣示意图

Fig. 7. Invisibility cloak designed by homogeneous transformation optics^[64]: (a) The original virtual space of the transform; the red line represents a selected ray; (b) real space after transformation; the red line represents the transformed ray; (c) layered system for modeling the one-directional cloak.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 利用均匀光学变换原理设计的由方解石所构成的TM波可见光隐身器件^[68]

Fig. 8. A TM wave visible light invisibility cloak composed of calcite under natural light designed by homogeneous transformation optics^[68].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 利用均匀光学变换原理, 舍弃相位一致性后制作的自然光大尺寸物体隐身器件示意图^[71]　(a), (b) 水中型自然光大尺寸物体隐身器件对一条鱼的隐身效果; (c), (d) 陆上型自然光大尺寸物体隐身器件对一只猫的隐身效果

Fig. 9. Schematics of a nature light cloak for large objects when the phase consistency is ignored^[71]: (a), (b) Dynamic monitoring of a fish swimming through the aquatic ray cloak; (c), (d) experimental observation of a cat in the terrestrial ray cloak.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 地毯式隐身衣　(a)地毯式隐身衣的设计方法^[74], 通过对虚空间的压缩, 右侧子图的蓝色区域被变换至左侧子图中的蓝色区域, 从而隐藏实空间中的绿色物体; (b)首次实验实现的地毯式隐身衣及工字型单元结构^[75]

Fig. 10. Carpet invisibility cloak: (a) The design of carpet invisibility cloak^[74], through the compression of virtual space, the blue region of right sub-figure is transformed to the blue region in the left sub-figure, thus concealing the green objects existing in the real space in figure (a); (b) experimentally realized carpet invisibility cloak and I-shaped unit structure by Liu et al^[75].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 (a)地毯式隐身效果的原理图^[84]; (b)可见光频段隐身衣^[86]; (c)使用环形谐振器结构在太赫兹和毫米波频段上设计的隐身器件^[88]; (d)使用闭口谐振环实现的全极化表面隐身衣^[92]

Fig. 11. (a) A schematic of carpet cloak^[84]; (b) schematic view of a visible spectrum invisibility cloak^[86]; (c) cloaking devices designed at terahertz and millimeter wave frequencies by applying ring resonators to metasurfaces^[88]; (d) a full-polarization carpet cloak by applying closed-loop resonators^[92].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 (a) 基于“补偿介质”的隐身^[97]; (b) 基于多重变换光学的远程非接触式隐身^[100]

Fig. 12. (a) Cloaking by designing a “complementary media” ^[97]; (b) remote cloaking based on multi-folded transformation optics^[100]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 有源隐身的实现　(a) 微波电磁场有源隐身衣^[110]; (b) 稳恒电流场有源隐身衣^[111]; (c) 热传导场有源隐身衣^[112]

Fig. 13. Experimental realization of active cloaking: (a) Active invisibility cloak at microwave frequency^[110]; (b) active direct current field invisibility cloak^[111]; (c) active heat conduction field invisibility cloak^[112].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 拟态隐身效果实例　(a)捷蛙的保护色使得其与草原环境融为一体; (b)身着吉利服士兵的散射波与草原背景的散射波大体一致, 很难被观察者发现

Fig. 14. Examples of imitation cloaking methods: (a) The protective color of a frog (Rana dalmatina) makes it difficult to be distinguished from the grasslands environment; (b) the scattering wave of soldiers in ghillie suit is almost the same as that of grasslands background, which is difficult to be spotted by enemy observers.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 可调隐身衣　(a)一维温控变换光学隐身衣^[137]; (b) 基于可调超构表面设计的地毯式隐身/幻觉设备^[140]; (c)针对时谐电磁波的数字可调超构表面, 可以用来人为制造多普勒相移, 即物体移动速度的光学幻觉^[141]; (d)基于人工神经网络模型的自适应微波段隐身设备^[143]

Fig. 15. Tunable invisibility cloak: (a) Temperature tunable one-dimensional transformation optics invisibility cloak^[137]; (b) carpet cloaking/illusion device based on tunable metasurface^[140]; (c) the time-domain digital-coding metasurface which is able to create the analogue of Doppler shift, or velocity illusion^[141]; (d) deep learning-enabled self-adaptive microwave cloak^[143].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

[1]	Deng L J, Han M G 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 023119 Google Scholar
[2]	Sun X Y, Liu X, Shen X, Wu Y, Wang Z Y, Kim J K 2017 Compos. Part a-Appl S. 92 190 Google Scholar
[3]	Panwar R, Puthucheri S, Singh D, Agarwala V 2015 IEEE T. Magn. 51 1 Google Scholar
[4]	Falcone F, Lopetegi T, Laso M A, Baena J D, Bonache J, Beruete M, Marques R, Martin F, Sorolla M 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 197401 Google Scholar
[5]	Peng L, Ran L, Chen H, Zhang H, Kong J A, Grzegorczyk T M 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 157403 Google Scholar
[6]	Foteinopoulou S, Economou E N, Soukoulis C M 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 107402 Google Scholar
[7]	Chen H, Ran L, Huangfu J, Zhang X, Chen K, Grzegorczyk T M, Au Kong J 2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 057605 Google Scholar
[8]	Grbic A, Eleftheriades G V 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 92 5930 Google Scholar
[9]	Lu J, Grzegorczyk T M, Zhang Y, Pacheco Jr J, Wu B I, Kong J A, Chen M 2003 Opt. Express 11 723 Google Scholar
[10]	Chen H S, Chen M 2011 Mater. Today. 14 34 Google Scholar
[11]	Luo C, Ibanescu M, Johnson S G, Joannopoulos J D 2003 Science 299 368 Google Scholar
[12]	Kong J A, Wu B I, Zhang Y 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 2084 Google Scholar
[13]	Chen X, Li C F 2004 Phys. Rev. E. Stat. Nonlin. Soft. Matter. Phys. 69 066617 Google Scholar
[14]	Shen N H, Chen J, Wu Q Y, Lan T, Fan Y X, Wang H T 2006 Opt. Express 14 10574 Google Scholar
[15]	Allen K W, Dykes D J P, Reid D R, Lee R T 2020 Prog. Electromagn. Res. 167 19
[16]	Cheng Y, Li W, Mao X 2019 Prog. Electromagn. Res. 165 35 Google Scholar
[17]	Lin B-Q, Guo J, Wang Y, Wang Z, Huang B, Liu X 2018 Prog. Electromagn. Res. 161 125 Google Scholar
[18]	Ramahi O M, Almoneef T S, AlShareef M, Boybay M S 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 173903 Google Scholar
[19]	El Badawe M, Ramahi O M 2018 Prog. Electromagn. Res. 161 35 Google Scholar
[20]	Landy N I, Sajuyigbe S, Mock J J, Smith D R, Padilla W J 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 207402 Google Scholar
[21]	Tao H, Landy N I, Bingham C M, Zhang X, Averitt R D, Padilla W J 2008 Opt. Express 16 7181 Google Scholar
[22]	Zou Y H, Jiang L Y, Wen S C, Shu W X, Qing Y J, Tang Z X, Luo H L, Fan D Y 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 261115 Google Scholar
[23]	Wang B N, Koschny T, Soukoulis C M 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 033108 Google Scholar
[24]	Shen X P, Yang Y, Zang Y Z, Gu J Q, Han J G, Zhang W L, Cui T J 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 154102 Google Scholar
[25]	Huang L, Chen H 2011 Prog. Electromagn. Res. 113 103 Google Scholar
[26]	Cui Y, Fung K H, Xu J, Ma H, Jin Y, He S, Fang N X 2012 Nano. Lett. 12 1443 Google Scholar
[27]	Ding F, Cui Y, Ge X, Jin Y, He S 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 103506 Google Scholar
[28]	Xu H X, Wang G M, Qi M Q, Liang J G, Gong J Q, Xu Z M 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 205104 Google Scholar
[29]	Soric J C, Fleury R, Monti A, Toscano A, Bilotti F, Alu A 2014 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 62 4220 Google Scholar
[30]	Li W, Wei J, Wang W, Hu D, Li Y, Guan J 2016 Mater. Des. 110 27 Google Scholar
[31]	Mou J, Shen Z 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 6922 Google Scholar
[32]	Jiang Z H, Yun S, Toor F, Werner D H, Mayer T S 2011 ACS Nano 5 4641 Google Scholar
[33]	Moghimi M J, Lin G Y, Jiang H R 2018 Adv. Eng. Mater. 20 1800038 Google Scholar
[34]	Xu H X, Ma S, Ling X, Zhang X K, Tang S, Cai T, Sun S, He Q, Zhou L 2018 ACS Photonics 5 1691 Google Scholar
[35]	Xu H X, Zhang L, Kim Y, Wang G M, Zhang X K, Sun Y, Ling X, Liu H, Chen Z, Qiu C W 2018 Adv. Opt. Mater. 6 1800010 Google Scholar
[36]	Inami M, Kawakami N, Tachi S 2003 Optical Camouflage Using Retro-reflective Projection Technology (Tokyo: 2nd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality) pp348, 349
[37]	Pendry J B, Schurig D, Smith D R 2006 Science 312 1780 Google Scholar
[38]	Chen H, Wu B I, Zhang B, Kong J A 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 063903 Google Scholar
[39]	Ye D, Lu L, Joannopoulos J D, Soljacic M, Ran L 2016 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 113 2568 Google Scholar
[40]	Hayran Z, Kurt H, Herrero R, Botey M, Staliunas K, Staliunas K 2018 ACS Photonics 5 2068 Google Scholar
[41]	Alu A, Engheta N 2005 Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 72 016623 Google Scholar
[42]	Edwards B, Alu A, Silveirinha M G, Engheta N 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 153901 Google Scholar
[43]	Xu S, Cheng X, Xi S, Zhang R, Moser H O, Shen Z, Xu Y, Huang Z, Zhang X, Yu F, Zhang B, Chen H 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 223903 Google Scholar
[44]	Rainwater D, Kerkhoff A, Melin K, Soric J C, Moreno G, Alu A 2012 New J. Phys. 14 013054 Google Scholar
[45]	Soric J C, Chen P Y, Kerkhoff A, Rainwater D, Melin K, Alu A 2013 New J. Phys. 15 033037 Google Scholar
[46]	Yang T, Chen H, Luo X, Ma H 2008 Opt. Express 16 18545 Google Scholar
[47]	Yang F, Mei Z L, Jiang W X, Cui T J 2015 J. Optics 17 105610 Google Scholar
[48]	Chen T H, Yang F, Mei Z L 2015 Phys. Status. Solidi. A 212 1746 Google Scholar
[49]	Gömöry F, Solovyov M, Šouc J, Navau C, Prat-Camps J, Sanchez A 2012 Science 335 1466 Google Scholar
[50]	Mach-Batlle R, Parra A, Laut S, Del-Valle N, Navau C, Sanchez A 2018 Phys. Rev. Appl. 9 034007 Google Scholar
[51]	Zhu J, Jiang W, Liu Y, Yin G, Yuan J, He S, Ma Y 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8931 Google Scholar
[52]	Jiang W, Ma Y G, Zhu J F, Yin G, Liu Y C, Yuan J, He S L 2017 Npg Asia Mater. 9 e341 Google Scholar
[53]	Leonhardt U 2006 Science 312 1777 Google Scholar
[54]	Leonhardt U 2006 New J. Phys. 8 118 Google Scholar
[55]	Leonhardt U 2007 Nat. Photonics 1 207 Google Scholar
[56]	Leonhardt U, Philbin T G (Wolf E Ed.) 2009 Progress in Optics (Elsevier) pp69–152
[57]	Teixeira F L, Chew W C 2012 J. Electromagnet. Wave. 13 665 Google Scholar
[58]	Ward A J, Pendry J B 1996 J. Mod. Optic 43 773 Google Scholar
[59]	Teixeira F L, Chew W C 1999 J. Math. Phys. 40 169 Google Scholar
[60]	Cummer S A, Popa B I, Schurig D, Smith D R, Pendry J 2006 Phys. Rev. E. Stat. Nonlin. Soft. Matter. Phys. 74 036621 Google Scholar
[61]	Schurig D, Mock J J, Justice B J, Cummer S A, Pendry J B, Starr A F, Smith D R 2006 Science 314 977 Google Scholar
[62]	Cai W S, Chettiar U K, Kildishev A V, Shalaev V M 2007 Nat. Photonics. 1 224 Google Scholar
[63]	Smolyaninov I I, Hung Y J, Davis C C 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 1342 Google Scholar
[64]	Xi S, Chen H, Wu B I, Kong J A 2009 IEEE Microw. Wirel. Co. 19 131 Google Scholar
[65]	Landy N, Smith D R 2013 Nat. Mater. 12 25 Google Scholar
[66]	Luo Y, Zhang J, Chen H, Ran L, Wu B I, Kong J A 2009 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 57 3926 Google Scholar
[67]	Sun F, Zhang Y, Evans J, He S 2019 Prog. Electromagn. Res. 165 107 Google Scholar
[68]	Chen H, Zheng B 2012 Sci. Rep. 2 255 Google Scholar
[69]	Howell J C, Howell J B, Choi J S 2014 Appl. Opt. 53 1958 Google Scholar
[70]	Choi J S, Howell J C 2014 Opt. Express 22 29465 Google Scholar
[71]	Chen H, Zheng B, Shen L, Wang H, Zhang X, Zheludev N I, Zhang B 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2652 Google Scholar
[72]	Shen L, Zheng B, Liu Z Z, Wang Z J, Lin S S, Dehdashti S, Li E P, Chen H S 2015 Adv. Opt. Mater. 3 1738 Google Scholar
[73]	Zheng B, Zhu R, Jing L, Yang Y, Shen L, Wang H, Wang Z, Zhang X, Liu X, Li E, Chen H 2018 Adv. Sci. 5 1800056 Google Scholar
[74]	Li J, Pendry J B 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 203901 Google Scholar
[75]	Liu R, Ji C, Mock J J, Chin J Y, Cui T J, Smith D R 2009 Science 323 366 Google Scholar
[76]	Valentine J, Li J, Zentgraf T, Bartal G, Zhang X 2009 Nat. Mater. 8 568 Google Scholar
[77]	Lee J H, Blair J, Tamma V A, Wu Q, Rhee S J, Summers C J, Park W 2009 Opt. Express 17 12922 Google Scholar
[78]	Gabrielli L H, Cardenas J, Poitras C B, Lipson M 2009 Nat. Photonics 3 461 Google Scholar
[79]	Zhou F, Bao Y, Cao W, Stuart C T, Gu J, Zhang W, Sun C 2011 Sci. Rep. 1 78 Google Scholar
[80]	Fischer J, Ergin T, Wegener M 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 2059 Google Scholar
[81]	Gharghi M, Gladden C, Zentgraf T, Liu Y, Yin X, Valentine J, Zhang X 2011 Nano. Lett. 11 2825 Google Scholar
[82]	Zhang B, Chan T, Wu B I 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 233903 Google Scholar
[83]	Yu N, Genevet P, Kats M A, Aieta F, Tetienne J P, Capasso F, Gaburro Z 2011 Science 334 333 Google Scholar
[84]	Zhang J, Mei Z L, Zhang W R, Yang F, Cui T J 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 151115 Google Scholar
[85]	Estakhri N M, Alu A 2014 IEEE. Antenn. Wirel. Pr. 13 1775 Google Scholar
[86]	Ni X, Wong Z J, Mrejen M, Wang Y, Zhang X 2015 Science 349 1310 Google Scholar
[87]	Orazbayev B, Estakhri N M, Beruete M, Alu A 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 195444 Google Scholar
[88]	Orazbayev B, Estakhri N M, Alu A, Beruete M 2017 Adv. Opt. Mater. 5 1600606 Google Scholar
[89]	Cheng J, Jafar-Zanjani S, Mosallaei H 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 38440 Google Scholar
[90]	Tao H, Yang Z Y, Wang Z K, Zhao M 2016 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33 2251 Google Scholar
[91]	Yang Y, Wang H, Yu F, Xu Z, Chen H 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 20219 Google Scholar
[92]	Yang Y, Jing L, Zheng B, Hao R, Yin W, Li E, Soukoulis C M, Chen H 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 6866 Google Scholar
[93]	Wei M, Yang Q, Zhang X, Li Y, Gu J, Han J, Zhang W 2017 Opt. Express 25 15635 Google Scholar
[94]	Wang C, Yang Y, Liu Q, Liang D, Zheng B, Chen H, Xu Z, Wang H 2018 Opt. Express 26 14123 Google Scholar
[95]	Yang J N, Huang C, Wu X Y, Sun B, Luo X G 2018 Adv. Opt. Mater. 6 1800073 Google Scholar
[96]	Ma H, Qu S B, Xu Z, Wang J F 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 103501 Google Scholar
[97]	Lai Y, Chen H, Zhang Z Q, Chan C T 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 093901 Google Scholar
[98]	Lai Y, Ng J, Chen H, Han D, Xiao J, Zhang Z Q, Chan C T 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 253902 Google Scholar
[99]	Wu X, Lin Z, Chen H, Chan C T 2009 Appl. Opt. 48 G101 Google Scholar
[100]	Zheng B, Madni H A, Hao R, Zhang X, Liu X, Li E, Chen H 2016 Light. Sci. Appl. 5 e16177 Google Scholar
[101]	Madni H A, Zheng B, Yang Y, Wang H, Zhang X, Yin W, Li E, Chen H 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 36846 Google Scholar
[102]	Madni H A, Hussain K, Jiang W X, Liu S, Aziz A, Iqbal S, Mahboob A, Cui T J 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 9641 Google Scholar
[103]	Nelson P A, Elliott S J 1991 (Academic Press) pp290–293
[104]	Miller D A B 2006 Opt. Express 14 12457 Google Scholar
[105]	Zhang B, Chen H, Wu B I, Kong J A 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 063904 Google Scholar
[106]	Vasquez F G, Milton G W, Onofrei D 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 073901 Google Scholar
[107]	Vasquez F G, Milton G W, Onofrei D 2009 Opt. Express 17 14800 Google Scholar
[108]	Zheng H H, Xiao J J, Lai Y, Chan C T 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 195116 Google Scholar
[109]	Selvanayagam M, Eleftheriades G V 2012 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. Pr. 11 1226 Google Scholar
[110]	Selvanayagam M, Eleftheriades G V 2013 Phys. Rev. X 3 041011 Google Scholar
[111]	Ma Q, Mei Z L, Zhu S K, Jin T Y, Cui T J 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 173901 Google Scholar
[112]	Nguyen D M, Xu H Y, Zhang Y M, Zhang B L 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 121901 Google Scholar
[113]	Yang F, Mei Z L, Jin T Y, Cui T J 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 053902 Google Scholar
[114]	Liu M, Mei Z L, Ma X, Cui T J 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 051905 Google Scholar
[115]	Mei Z L, Liu Y S, Yang F, Cui T J 2012 Opt. Express 20 25758 Google Scholar
[116]	Yang F, Mei Z L, Yang X Y, Jin T Y, Cui T J 2013 Adv. Funct. Mater. 23 4306 Google Scholar
[117]	Jiang W X, Luo C Y, Ge S, Qiu C W, Cui T J 2015 Adv. Mater. 27 4628 Google Scholar
[118]	Han T, Liu Y, Liu L, Qin J, Li Y, Bao J, Ni D, Qiu C W 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 12208 Google Scholar
[119]	Chen T, Zheng B, Yang Y, Shen L, Wang Z, Gao F, Li E, Luo Y, Cui T J, Chen H 2019 Light. Sci. Appl. 8 30 Google Scholar
[120]	Han T, Ye H, Luo Y, Yeo S P, Teng J, Zhang S, Qiu C W 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 3478 Google Scholar
[121]	Fan C Z, Gao Y, Huang J P 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 251907 Google Scholar
[122]	Chen T Y, Weng C N, Chen J S 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 114103 Google Scholar
[123]	Narayana S, Sato Y 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 214303 Google Scholar
[124]	Schittny R, Kadic M, Guenneau S, Wegener M 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 195901 Google Scholar
[125]	Xu H, Shi X, Gao F, Sun H, Zhang B 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 054301 Google Scholar
[126]	Ma Y, Liu Y, Raza M, Wang Y, He S 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 205501 Google Scholar
[127]	Han T, Bai X, Gao D, Thong J T, Li B, Qiu C W 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 054302 Google Scholar
[128]	Han T, Bai X, Thong J T, Li B, Qiu C W 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 1731 Google Scholar
[129]	Li Y, Shen X, Wu Z, Huang J, Chen Y, Ni Y, Huang J 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 195503 Google Scholar
[130]	Hou Q W, Zhao X P, Meng T, Liu C L 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 218 Google Scholar
[131]	Li Y, Bai X, Yang T, Luo H, Qiu C W 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 273 Google Scholar
[132]	Li Y, Zhu K J, Peng Y G, Li W, Yang T, Xu H X, Chen H, Zhu X F, Fan S, Qiu C W 2019 Nat. Mater. 18 48 Google Scholar
[133]	Sun F, Liu Y, Yang Y, Chen Z, He S 2019 Opt. Express 27 33757 Google Scholar
[134]	Song J, Huang S, Ma Y, Cheng Q, Hu R, Luo X 2020 Opt. Express 28 875 Google Scholar
[135]	Teyssier J, Saenko S V, van der Marel D, Milinkovitch M C 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6368 Google Scholar
[136]	Shin D, Urzhumov Y, Jung Y, Kang G, Baek S, Choi M, Park H, Kim K, Smith D R 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 1213 Google Scholar
[137]	Peng R G, Xiao Z Q, Zhao Q, Zhang F L, Meng Y G, Li B, Zhou J, Fan Y C, Zhang P, Shen N H, Koschny T, Soukoulis C M 2017 Phys. Rev. X 7 011033 Google Scholar
[138]	Liu S, Xu H-X, Zhang H C, Cui T J 2014 Opt. Express 22 13403 Google Scholar
[139]	Cui T J, Qi M Q, Wan X, Zhao J, Cheng Q 2014 Light. Sci. Appl. 3 e218 Google Scholar
[140]	Huang C, Yang J, Wu X, Song J, Pu M, Wang C, Luo X 2017 ACS Photonics 5 1718 Google Scholar
[141]	Zhao J, Yang X, Dai J Y, Cheng Q, Li X, Qi N H, Ke J C, Bai G D, Liu S, Jin S, Alu A, Cui T J 2019 Natl. Sci. Rev. 6 231 Google Scholar
[142]	Qian C, Lin X, Lin X, Xu J, Sun Y, Li E, Zhang B, Chen H 2020 Light. Sci. Appl. 9 59 Google Scholar
[143]	Qian C, Zheng B, Shen Y, Jing L, Li E, Shen L, Chen H 2020 Nat. Photonics 14 383 Google Scholar
[144]	Zhang X G, Jiang W X, Jiang H L, Wang Q, Tian H W, Bai L, Luo Z J, Sun S, Luo Y, Qiu C-W, Cui T J 2020 Nat. Electro. 3 165 Google Scholar
[145]	Li C, Meng X, Liu X, Li F, Fang G, Chen H, Chan C T 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 233906 Google Scholar
[146]	Jiang W X, Cui T J 2011 Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 83 026601 Google Scholar
[147]	Shoorian H R, Abrishamian M S 2013 J. Optics 15 055107 Google Scholar
[148]	Ruan Z, Fan S 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 013901 Google Scholar
[149]	Qian C, Lin X, Yang Y, Xiong X, Wang H, Li E, Kaminer I, Zhang B, Chen H 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 063901 Google Scholar
[150]	Qian C, Lin X, Yang Y, Gao F, Shen Y, Lopez J, Kaminer I, Zhang B, Li E, Soljačić M, Chen H 2018 ACS Photonics 5 1506 Google Scholar
[151]	Luo X D, Yang T, Gu Y W, Chen H Y, Ma H R 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 223513 Google Scholar

[1]	袁金健, 顾民, 黄润生. 运动界面的电磁波相位匹配. 物理学报, 2024, 73(13): 134201. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20240269
[2]	王浩, 姚能智, 王斌, 王学生. 流动隐身衣的均匀化设计与减阻特性研究. 物理学报, 2022, 0(0): 0-0. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220346
[3]	王浩, 姚能智, 王斌, 王学生. 流动隐身衣的均匀化设计与减阻特性. 物理学报, 2022, 71(13): 134703. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20220346
[4]	王伟豪, 崔志文. 柱状双层声电效应测井界面电磁波. 物理学报, 2019, 68(20): 204301. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20190891
[5]	权家琪, 圣宗强, 吴宏伟. 基于人工表面等离激元结构的全向隐身. 物理学报, 2019, 68(15): 154101. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20190283
[6]	杨瑞科, 李茜茜, 姚荣辉. 沙尘大气电磁波多重散射及衰减. 物理学报, 2016, 65(9): 094205. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.094205
[7]	张向东, 陈虹, 王磊, 赵志高, 赵爱国. 圆柱形分层五模材料声学隐身衣的理论与数值分析. 物理学报, 2015, 64(13): 134303. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.134303
[8]	罗孝阳, 刘道亚, 姚丽芳, 董建峰. 新型椭圆形互补隐身斗篷设计. 物理学报, 2014, 63(8): 084101. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.084101
[9]	李粮生, 闫华, 侯兆国, 殷红成. 部分Bessel形电磁波. 物理学报, 2013, 62(3): 030301. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.030301
[10]	高东宝, 曾新吾. 基于各向同性材料的层状椭圆柱形声隐身衣设计. 物理学报, 2012, 61(18): 184301. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.184301
[11]	吴群, 张狂, 孟繁义, 李乐伟. 三维椭球隐身条件的严格推导及其隐身特性验证. 物理学报, 2010, 59(9): 6071-6077. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.6071
[12]	黄朝军, 刘亚锋, 龙姝明, 孙彦清, 吴振森. 烟尘中电磁波传输特性的Monte Carlo模拟. 物理学报, 2009, 58(4): 2397-2404. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.2397
[13]	葛广顶, 王秉中, 黄海燕, 郑罡. 时间反演电磁波超分辨率特性. 物理学报, 2009, 58(12): 8249-8253. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.8249
[14]	吴群, 张狂, 孟繁义, 李乐伟. 正N边形柱的隐身条件的严格推导及其隐身特性验证. 物理学报, 2009, 58(3): 1619-1626. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.1619
[15]	张拴勤, 石云龙, 黄长庚, 连长春. 隐身涂层的光谱反射特性设计. 物理学报, 2007, 56(9): 5508-5512. doi: 10.7498/aps.56.5508
[16]	李运周, 史庆藩, 王琪. 高频电磁波多次散射的数值求解. 物理学报, 2006, 55(3): 1119-1125. doi: 10.7498/aps.55.1119
[17]	徐文兰, 张栓勤, 徐　怡. 可见光隐身涂料设计. 物理学报, 2004, 53(9): 3215-3219. doi: 10.7498/aps.53.3215
[18]	朱永强, 王煜, 沈彬彬, 洪鑫锋, 梁子长. 粉碎电磁波的性质和应用. 物理学报, 2001, 50(5): 832-836. doi: 10.7498/aps.50.832
[19]	夏蒙棼, 胡慧玲. 高频电磁波驱动等离子体电流. 物理学报, 1982, 31(2): 150-158. doi: 10.7498/aps.31.150
[20]	顾福年. 电磁波在螺旋线上的传播. 物理学报, 1959, 15(12): 637-651. doi: 10.7498/aps.15.637

计量

文章访问数: 21212
PDF下载量: 1113
被引次数: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

搜索

留言板

新型电磁波隐身研究进展