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在Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) 原子链中, 电子在胞内和胞间的跳跃依赖于其自旋时, 即SSH原子链存在自旋轨道耦合作用时, 存在不同缠绕数的非平庸拓扑边缘态. 如何探测自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链不同缠绕数的边缘态是一个重要问题. 本文在紧束缚近似下研究了自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链的非平庸拓扑边缘态性质及其零能附近的电子输运特性. 研究发现四重和二重简并边缘态的缠绕数分别为2和1; 并且仅当源极入射电子的自旋被极化(铁磁电极)时, 自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链在零能附近的电子输运特性才能反映其边缘态的能谱特性. 尤其是, 随着自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链与左、右导线之间的耦合强度由弱到强改变, 对于缠绕数为2的四重简并边缘态, 入射电子在零能附近的透射峰数目将从4个变为0; 而对于缠绕数为1的二重简并边缘态情形, 其透射峰数目将从2个变为0. 因此, 在源极为铁磁电极的情形下, 通过观察自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链在零能附近电子共振透射峰的数目随着其与左、右导线之间耦合强度的变化, 来探测其不同缠绕数的边缘态. 上述结果为基于电子输运特性探测自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链不同拓扑性质的边缘态提供了一种可选择的理论方案.
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关键词:
- 边缘态 /
- Su-Schrieffer-Heeger原子链 /
- 自旋轨道耦合 /
- 透射率
In the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chain, the nontrivial topological edge states will have different winding numbers when the intra-cell and inter-cell hopping amplitudes are spin-dependent ones. Consequently, how to detect the edge states with different winding numbers theoretically and experimentally has become one of important topics in condensed matter physics. In this paper, in the framework of the tight-binding approximation, we study the topological properties and the electron transport properties of the edge states of the SSH chain with the spin-orbit coupling. It is demonstrated that the winding numbers of the quadruple-degenerate and twofold-degenerate edge states are two and one, respectively. Importantly, the electron transport properties in the vicinity of the zero energy can characterize the energy spectra of the edge states, when the spin-polarized electrons tunnel into the SSH chain from the source lead, namely, the source lead is a ferromagnetic one. With increasing the tunneling coupling strengths between the SSH chain and the two leads from the weak coupling regime to the strong coupling one, the number of transmission resonance peaks of the quadruple-degenerate with the winding numbers being two and twofold-degenerate edge states with the winding numbers being one will be reduced by four and two, respectively. In other words, the transmission resonance peaks related to the edge states will disappear when the SSH chain is strongly coupled to the two leads. Therefore, these results suggest an alternative way of detecting the nontrivial topological ones with different winding numbers by changing the number of transmission resonance peaks of edge states.[1] Hasan M Z, Kane C L 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 3045
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[2] Su W P, Schrieffer J R, Heeger A J 1979 Phys. Rev. Lett. 42 1698
Google Scholar
[3] Saei Ghareh Naz E, FulgaI I C, Ma L, Schmidt O G, van den Brink J 2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 033830
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[4] Wang Y, Lu Y H, Mei F, Gao J, Li Z M, Tang H, Zhu S L, Jia S T, Jin X M 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 193903
Google Scholar
[5] Atala M, Aidelsburger M, Barreiro J T, Abanin D, Kitagawa T, Demler E, Bloch I 2013 Nat. Phys. 9 795
Google Scholar
[6] Xie D Z, Gou W, Xiao T, Gadway B, Yan B 2019 NPJ Quantum Inf. 5 55
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[7] Drost R, Ojanen T, Harju A, Liljeroth P 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 668
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[8] Huda M N, Kezilebieke S, Ojanen T, Drost R, Liljeroth P 2020 NPJ Quantum Mater. 5 17
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[9] Poshakinskiy A V, Poddubny A N, Hafezi M 2015 Phys. Rev. A 91 043830
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[10] Hafezi M 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 210405
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[11] Petráček J, Kuzmiak V 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 033805
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[12] Dong B, Lei X L 2018 Ann. Phys. 396 245
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[13] Böhling S, Engelhardt G, Platero G, Schaller G 2018 Phys. Rev. B 98 035132
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[14] 张蓝云, 薛海斌, 陈彬, 陈建宾, 邢丽丽 2020 物理学报 69 077301
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Zhang L Y, Xue H B, Chen B, Chen J B, Xing L L 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 077301
Google Scholar
[15] Tewari S, Sau D J 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 150408
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[16] Manchon A, Koo H C, Nitta J, Frolov S M, Duine R A 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 871
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[17] Lin Y J, Jiménez-García K, Spielman I B 2011 Nature 471 83
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[18] Wang P, Yu Z Q, Fu Z, Miao J, Huang L, Chai S, Zhai H, Zhang J 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 095301
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[19] Cheuk L W, Sommer A T, Hadzibabic Z, Yefsah T, Bakr W S, Zwierlein M W 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 095302
Google Scholar
[20] Galitski V, Spielman I B 2013 Nature 494 49
Google Scholar
[21] Whittaker C E, Cancellieri E, Walker P M, Royall B, Rodriguez L E T, Clarke E, Whittaker D M, Schomerus H, Skolnick M S, Krizhanovskii D N 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 081402(R
Google Scholar
[22] Bahari M, Hosseini M V 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 125119
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[23] Yao Y, Sato M, Nakamura T, Furukawa N, Oshikawa M 2017 Phys. Rev. B 96 205424
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[24] Ahmadi N, Abouie J, Baeriswyl D 2020 Phys. Rev. B 101 195117
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[25] Bahari M, Hosseini M V 2020 Physica E 119 113973
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[26] Asbóth J K, Oroszlány L, Pályi A 2016 A Short Course on Topological Insulators (Budapest: Springer) pp1−44
[27] Shen S Q 2017 Topological Insulators 2 nd ed. (Singapore: Springer) pp51−79
[28] Wakatsuki R, Ezawa M, Tanaka Y, Nagaosa N 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 014505
Google Scholar
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图 1 自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链与左、右导线耦合系统的示意图. 其中, 红色实心圆表示A原子, 蓝色实心圆表示B原子, 黑色空心圆表示导线上的原子.
${t_0}$ 表示导线上相邻原子之间的跳跃振幅,${t_{{\rm{L}}, \sigma }}$ 和${t_{{\rm{R}}, \sigma }}$ 表示自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链与左、右电极之间自旋依赖的隧穿耦合强度.$\upsilon $ 和w分别表示胞内和胞间自旋守恒的跳跃振幅, 而${\lambda _{\upsilon} }$ 和${\lambda _w}$ 则分别表示胞内和胞间自旋翻转的跳跃振幅Fig. 1. The schematic diagram of the SSH chain with spin-orbit coupling coupled to the left and right leads. The red filled circles denote the A atoms, the blue filled circles denote the B atoms, the black unfilled circles denote atoms on the leads.
${t_0}$ describes the hopping amplitude between two adjacent atoms on the leads.${t_{{\rm{L}}, \sigma }}$ and${t_{{\rm{R}}, \sigma }}$ characterize the spin-dependent tunnel coupling strengths between the SSH chain with spin-orbit coupling and the left lead, and that between the SSH chain with spin-orbit coupling and the right lead, respectively.$\upsilon $ and w are the intra-cell and inter-cell hopping amplitudes with the spin-conserving processes, respectively. Whereas${\lambda _{\upsilon} }$ and${\lambda _w}$ are the intra-cell and inter-cell hopping amplitudes with the spin-flip processes, respectively
图 2 (a) 原胞数目为10的自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链的能谱图; (b) 原胞数目为50的自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链的能谱图; (c) 自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链的缠绕数随着胞内自旋守恒跳跃振幅
$\upsilon $ 的变化图. 自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链的参数选取为:$w = 1.0$ ,${\lambda _{\upsilon} } = 0.1$ 和${\lambda _w} = 0.5$ Fig. 2. (a), (b) The energy spectrum of the SSH chain with spin-orbit coupling for
$N = 10$ and$N = 50$ , respectively; (c) the winding number of the SSH chain with spin-orbit coupling as a function of the intra-cell hopping amplitude with the spin-conserving process$\upsilon $ . The parameters of the SSH chain with spin-orbit coupling are chosen as$w = 1.0$ ,${\lambda _{\upsilon} } = 0.1$ and${\lambda _w} = 0.5$ .
图 3 自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链的本征值在4个零能附近的本征态波函数在每个原子上的几率幅分布图 (a)—(d)
$ \upsilon = 0.3$ ; (e)—(h)$ \upsilon = 0.6$ , 自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链的其他参数选取为$ w = 1.0$ ,$ {\lambda _\upsilon } = 0.1$ ,$ {\lambda _w} = 0.5$ ,$ N = 10$ Fig. 3. (a)–(d) The distribution of probability amplitudes of the wave functions of the four nearly zero-energy eigenstates of the SSH chain with spin-orbit coupling: (a)–(d)
$\upsilon = 0.3$ ; (e)–(h)$\upsilon = 0.6$ . The other parameters of the SSH chain with spin-orbit coupling are chosen as$w = 1.0$ ,${\lambda _{\upsilon} } = 0.1$ ,${\lambda _w} = 0.5$ and$N = 10$ .
图 4 自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链的电子透射率在不同自旋极化率情形下随入射电子能量的变化 (a)
$\upsilon = 0.3$ ; (b)$\upsilon = $ $ 0.6$ , 其他参数与图3相同Fig. 4. The transmission probabilities of the SSH chain with spin-orbit coupling as a function of the energy of incident electron for the different spin polarizations of left lead: (a)
$\upsilon = $ $ 0.3$ ; (b)$\upsilon = 0.6$ . The other parameters are the same as Fig. 3.
图 5 (a), (b) 自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链在零能级附近的能谱图; (c) 自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链与左导线原子
$j = - 1$ , 右导线原子$j = 1$ 耦合的系统在零能级附近的能谱图,${t_{\rm{L}}} = {t_{\rm{R}}} = 0.1$ , 其他参数与图3相同.Fig. 5. (a) and (b) Energy spectrum of the SSH chain with spin-orbit coupling in the vicinity of the zero energy; (c) energy spectrum of the SSH chain with spin-orbit coupling coupled to the atom of the left lead
$j = - 1$ and that of the right lead$j = 1$ in the vicinity of the zero energy, where${t_{\rm{L}}} = {t_{\rm{R}}} = 0.1$ . The other parameters are the same as Fig. 3
图 6 自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链的电子透射率在不同隧穿耦合强度下随入射电子能量的变化,
$\upsilon = 0.3$ , 其他参数与图3相同Fig. 6. The transmission probabilities of the SSH chain with spin-orbit coupling as a function of the energy of incident electron for different strengths of tunneling coupling,
$\upsilon = 0.3$ . The other parameters are the same as Fig. 3.
图 7 自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链的电子透射率在不同隧穿耦合强度下随入射电子能量的变化,
$\upsilon = 0.6$ , 其他参数与图3相同Fig. 7. The transmission probabilities of the SSH chain with spin-orbit coupling as a function of the energy of incident electron for different strengths of tunneling coupling,
$\upsilon = 0.6$ . The other parameters are the same as Fig. 3. -
[1] Hasan M Z, Kane C L 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 3045
Google Scholar
[2] Su W P, Schrieffer J R, Heeger A J 1979 Phys. Rev. Lett. 42 1698
Google Scholar
[3] Saei Ghareh Naz E, FulgaI I C, Ma L, Schmidt O G, van den Brink J 2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 033830
Google Scholar
[4] Wang Y, Lu Y H, Mei F, Gao J, Li Z M, Tang H, Zhu S L, Jia S T, Jin X M 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 193903
Google Scholar
[5] Atala M, Aidelsburger M, Barreiro J T, Abanin D, Kitagawa T, Demler E, Bloch I 2013 Nat. Phys. 9 795
Google Scholar
[6] Xie D Z, Gou W, Xiao T, Gadway B, Yan B 2019 NPJ Quantum Inf. 5 55
Google Scholar
[7] Drost R, Ojanen T, Harju A, Liljeroth P 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 668
Google Scholar
[8] Huda M N, Kezilebieke S, Ojanen T, Drost R, Liljeroth P 2020 NPJ Quantum Mater. 5 17
Google Scholar
[9] Poshakinskiy A V, Poddubny A N, Hafezi M 2015 Phys. Rev. A 91 043830
Google Scholar
[10] Hafezi M 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 210405
Google Scholar
[11] Petráček J, Kuzmiak V 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 033805
Google Scholar
[12] Dong B, Lei X L 2018 Ann. Phys. 396 245
Google Scholar
[13] Böhling S, Engelhardt G, Platero G, Schaller G 2018 Phys. Rev. B 98 035132
Google Scholar
[14] 张蓝云, 薛海斌, 陈彬, 陈建宾, 邢丽丽 2020 物理学报 69 077301
Google Scholar
Zhang L Y, Xue H B, Chen B, Chen J B, Xing L L 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 077301
Google Scholar
[15] Tewari S, Sau D J 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 150408
Google Scholar
[16] Manchon A, Koo H C, Nitta J, Frolov S M, Duine R A 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 871
Google Scholar
[17] Lin Y J, Jiménez-García K, Spielman I B 2011 Nature 471 83
Google Scholar
[18] Wang P, Yu Z Q, Fu Z, Miao J, Huang L, Chai S, Zhai H, Zhang J 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 095301
Google Scholar
[19] Cheuk L W, Sommer A T, Hadzibabic Z, Yefsah T, Bakr W S, Zwierlein M W 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 095302
Google Scholar
[20] Galitski V, Spielman I B 2013 Nature 494 49
Google Scholar
[21] Whittaker C E, Cancellieri E, Walker P M, Royall B, Rodriguez L E T, Clarke E, Whittaker D M, Schomerus H, Skolnick M S, Krizhanovskii D N 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 081402(R
Google Scholar
[22] Bahari M, Hosseini M V 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 125119
Google Scholar
[23] Yao Y, Sato M, Nakamura T, Furukawa N, Oshikawa M 2017 Phys. Rev. B 96 205424
Google Scholar
[24] Ahmadi N, Abouie J, Baeriswyl D 2020 Phys. Rev. B 101 195117
Google Scholar
[25] Bahari M, Hosseini M V 2020 Physica E 119 113973
Google Scholar
[26] Asbóth J K, Oroszlány L, Pályi A 2016 A Short Course on Topological Insulators (Budapest: Springer) pp1−44
[27] Shen S Q 2017 Topological Insulators 2 nd ed. (Singapore: Springer) pp51−79
[28] Wakatsuki R, Ezawa M, Tanaka Y, Nagaosa N 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 014505
Google Scholar
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